Used Hammer Bottom Milling Machine for sale (67,578)

Condition: used, MAHO MH 600 P Tool Milling Machine Tool milling machine: MAHO Type/Model: MH 600 P Control: Heidenhain TC 135 Condition: Used Technical data Travel distances (X / Y / Z): 500 mm / 400 mm / 400 mm Quill stroke: 80 mm Table dimensions: 720 mm x 140 mm Max. table load: approx. 500 kg T-slots: 8 pieces (distance 54 mm) Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed range: 40 to 2,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 4.0 kW Working feed rate continuously adjustable: 5 to 500 mm/min Rapid traverse speed (X / Z): approx. 1.2 m/min Rapid traverse speed (Y): approx. 0.8 m/min Connection voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 1,450 - 1,900 kg Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1.8 m x 1.5 m x 1.9 m Gsdpfozxgwdox Aatskb Inquiry item: Transportation costs will be provided in a separate, customized offer.

Condition: used, MAHO MH 600 P Tool Milling Machine Gksdpfxszxhfvj Aatsb Tool Milling Machine MAHO Type/Model MH 600 P Control Heidenhain TC 135 Condition Used Technical Data Travel (X / Y / Z): 500 mm / 400 mm / 400 mm Quill stroke: 80 mm Table dimensions: 720 mm x 140 mm Max. table load: approx. 500 kg T-slots: 8 pieces (spacing 54 mm) Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed range: 40 to 2,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 4.0 kW Working feed rate continuously adjustable: 5 to 500 mm/min Rapid traverse speed (X / Z): approx. 1.2 m/min Rapid traverse speed (Y): approx. 0.8 m/min Connection voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 1,450 - 1,900 kg Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1.8 m x 1.5 m x 1.9 m

Condition: new, Technical data: Drilling capacity in steel: 50 mm Tapping capacity: M33 face milling cutter: 100 mm end mill: 25 mm spindle: MK 4 throat depth: 340 mm Speeds: (6) 50 - 1510 1/min quill stroke: 200 mm quill feed: 0,1 / 0,2 / 0,3 / 0,4 mm/rev table size: 820 x 240 mm traverse path X: 460 mm Gsdpfxopxmlqe Aatokb traverse path Y: 280 mm column diameter: 180 mm Number of T-slots: 4 T-slot size: 16 x 26 mm motor power: 3 kW Weight, approx.: 750 kg Equipment: - Cross table - thread tightening spindle - Thread cutting device - Automatic spindle feed - LED machine light - Rotatable table - Manual fine feed - Coolant device - Height adjustable protective cover - Limit switch protected spindle

Condition: used, Technical specifications: X-axis travel: 700 mm Spindle speed: up to 1500 rpm Feed rate: 12 - 1000 mm/min Gkjdpfxextnn Te Aatsb Table size: 1100 x 250 mm Swiveling head: yes Dimensions, approx.: 1750 x 1600 x 1850 mm Weight, approx.: 1900 kg

Condition: used, Technical Data: Travel X/Y/Z: 700 / 250 / 430 mm Upper slide travel: 630 mm Spindle speeds: 45 - 1660 rpm Spindle taper: SK 40 Control: conventional Table feed: 24 - 402 mm/min Milling head swivels: 360° Table size: 1120 x 260 mm Spindle drive: 2.2 kW Total power requirement: 2.4 kVA Dimensions (W x D x H), approx.: 1600 x 1700 x 1700 mm Weight, approx.: 1200 kg Equipment: - Digital readout - Machine lamp - Coolant device - Machine feet Gkjdpfx Asyi E Udeatjb

Condition: new, Universal tool milling machine according to DIN 8615. The torsion-resistant machine stand made of MEEHANITE® quality casting and the high-precision, hardened and ground guides in all axes guarantee high precision and durability. With the 3-axis digital display, all values can be called up directly and with the user-friendly control panel on the jib arm (OPTION), it can be positioned individually. Clamping area of the fixed angle table: 900 x 500 mm Max. Workpiece weight: 360 kg Horizontal and vertical tool holder: ISO 40 Main spindle motor power / 100% ED: 3.75 kW Power feed motors X/Y/Z-axis: 1.0 / 1.0 / 1.5 kW Total connected load: 7.4 kVA Speed range: 40 - 3800 1/min Speed steps: 18 Gsdpfxouxt N Ij Aatokb Manual drill sleeve stroke: 120 mm Swivel range: +/- 90 Travel X (automatic/manual): 600 mm Travel Y (automatic/manual): 460 mm Z travel (automatic/manual): 380 mm Feed range, infinitely variable X/Y/Z: 10 - 650 mm/min Rapid traverse: 1000 mm/min Dimensions LxWxH, approx.: 1850 x 1650 x 1900 mm Weight, approx.: 1780 kg Equipment: - 3-axis digital display (e.g. FAGOR® Innova), with various comfort functions, on user-friendly swivel arm (OPTION) - DC servo motors for all X/Y/Z axes, e.g. from DELTA® - Spindle concentricity max. 0.005 mm, incl. test report to DIN 8615 (SKF®/NSK® roller bearings) - Spring-loaded safety handwheels in all axes, e.g. from GANTHER® - Torsion-free machine bed made of MEEHANITE® quality casting - High-precision, hardened and ground guideways in all axes with TURCITE®-B coating - Backlash-free HIWIN® precision ball screws in all axes - Electrical overload protection in all axes - Multi-adjustable spindle protection device secured via micro limit switch - Automatic interval central lubrication - Drilling quill - Swivel-mounted control panel on extension arm (approx. 1,600 mm) (OPTION) - Hydraulic tool clamping - SIEMENS®, BALLUFF® electrical equipment - Coolant device - Horizontal device - LED machine light - Spacious chip collection tray - Test report according to DIN 8615 - Operating tool - Operating instructions, spare parts list, incl. electrical circuit diagrams etc. in German - CE

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, STIMIN Oradea FUS-22-2M Universal Tool Milling Machine Universal Tool Milling Machine STIMIN Oradea Type/Model: FUS-22-2M Condition: Used Year of manufacture: 1998 Technical data: Travel, X-axis: 300 - 320 mm Travel, Y-axis: 240 - 270 mm Travel, Z-axis: 300 - 310 mm Tool holder: SK 40 / ISO 40 Spindle speed: 45 - 2,240 rpm (in 18 steps) Quill stroke: 60 mm (manually adjustable) Clamping surface: 670 x 320 mm Max. table load: approx. 75 - 150 kg (depending on table design) Feeds (X/Y/Z): 12.5 - 630 mm/min Rapid traverse: approx. 1,200 mm/min Godpfx Ajzxhndjatskb Spindle motor power: 1.5 kW - 2.0 kW Total connected load: approx. 2.5 – 3.0 kW (400 V / 50 Hz) Space requirement (L x W x H): approx. 1,200 x 1,100 x 1,620 mm Inquiry item: Transportation costs will be provided in an individual offer.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Hermle UWF 1202 S CNC machining center CNC machining center Hermle Type/Model UWF 1202 S CNC control Heidenhain TNC 426 Condition Used Year of manufacture 1997 Technical data Travel X / Y / Z axis: 850 mm / 630 mm / 500 mm Spindle speed: 20 - 4,200 rpm (stepless) Table dimensions: 1,200 x 550 mm Rapid traverse (X/Y/Z): 10 m/min Machine weight approx.: 5,500 - 6,000 kg Installation dimensions (L x W x H) approx.: 3.3 x 2.24 x 2.24 m Accessories: - approx. 85 collets SK 40 - extensive milling cutter assortment - swivel head - measuring probe - zero-setting device - set of parallel blocks Gedpfozx Umtox Aatekb - Almatic machine vise - dividing head - collet chuck Röhm ZG250 Inquiry item: Transportation costs in a separate quotation.

Condition: new, Special offer price for in-stock items! Only while supplies last! Price net from warehouse, free loading. The machine does not include a base. The BF3 Deluxe base is available separately under article number 56-1017. Drilling capacity in steel: 32 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron: 40 mm Maximum cutter head milling: 80 mm Overhang: 220 mm Spindle speed: (12) 75 - 3200 rpm Spindle taper: MK 4 Quill stroke: 125 mm Table size: 800 x 240 mm Travel (x / y): 555 / 225 mm Tilting milling head: -90° to +90° Distance spindle / table: 60 - 485 mm Height adjustment milling head: 425 mm T-slot size: 14 mm Motor output S1 100%: 1.1 / 1.5 kW (400 V) Motor input S6 40%: 1.5 / 2.2 kW (400 V) Machine dimensions (W x D x H)*: 1140 x 770 x 1500 mm Weight approx.: 287 kg * without base Features: - Simple and quick speed change via gear selector switch - Versatile applications such as drilling, milling, threading, etc. - High smoothness due to ground gears running in an oil bath Gkodpfxsdh Hbcj Aatob - Right and left-hand operation for threading - Quill adjustment via handle, fine adjustment via handwheel - Dovetail guide for x, y and z axes, adjustable via wedge strips - Tilting milling head on both sides for angle drilling, milling chamfers, etc. - Solid, large cross table, precisely surface-treated - Optimal price-performance ratio for the cost-conscious user Scope of delivery: Quick-change drill chuck 3 - 16 mm / B 16 Drill chuck arbor MK 4 / B 16 Draw spindle M 16 Reducing sleeve MK 4 / 3 Combination milling arbor MK 4 / 27 mm Height-adjustable guard Threading device LED machine light Digital quill stroke display Slotted guard Longitudinal measuring scale Operating tool

Condition: reconditioned (used), Tool milling machine: Deckel Type: FP 2 Condition: Geometrically overhauled, used Year of manufacture: 1980s, geometrical overhaul in 2026 Technical data: Travel distances X/Y/Z, approx.: 400 / 200 / 400 mm Tool holder: S20 Spindle speeds: (18) 40 - 2000 min-1 Feed rates: (18) 8 - 400 mm/min Head swiveling: 180° Equipment: - Geometry report Gjdpezcdarofx Aatskb - 3-axis digital display, new - Spindle protection device with limit switch, new - Machine light, new - Horizontal and vertical spindle - Fixed angle table - Coolant system - Chip tray

Year of construction: 2020, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN MILLING MACHINE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 12000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1600 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 3600 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 30 m/min TABLE SIZE: 13000 x 2500 x 300 mm SPINDLE: 450 - 5000 rpm; 34 kW; 830 Nm; ISO 50 HEAD: UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC A/B AXIS ; MILLESIMAL POSITIONING TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 100 POS CONTROL UNIT: HEIDENHAIN TNC 640 Gjdpozbnr Aefx Aatskb HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT: 40 Bar WEIGHT: 87480 Kg ACCESSORIES: SWARF CONVEYOR ; PAPER FILTER ; LASER TOOL SETTER ; TOUCH PROBE ; PORTABLE HANDWHEEL NOTE: ROTARY TABLE 1500X1500, 1,5 rpm, MAX ADMITTED LOAD 15.000 Kg; HEAD LOADING/UNLOADING DOUBLE CRADLE; MOBILE WORKING PLATFORM; PERIMETER FENCES; STATIC RTCP OF ROTATING TABLES; STATIC RTCP IN THE SPACE ; AUTOCAL; VIBRATION DETECTION PROBE; COOLING TANK 1500L; GREEN MODE FUNCTION

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 560 mm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, For sale is a very well-maintained 5-axis simultaneous machining center, DECKEL MAHO (DMG MORI) type DMU 60 monoBLOCK, manufactured in 2009. The machine is characterized by very low spindle hours and extensive equipment. Highlights & General Information: Manufacturer / Model: DECKEL MAHO (DMG MORI) DMU 60 monoBLOCK Year of manufacture: 2009 Control system: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 Operating hours: approx. 30,000 h Spindle hours / program runtime: approx. 8,000 h Technical Data: Travel ranges: X = 730 mm Y = 560 mm Z = 560 mm 4th axis (B-axis / swivel head): +30° to -120° (NC swivel milling head with hydraulic clamping) 5th axis (C-axis / rotary table): 360° (endlessly rotating NC rotary table, resolution 0.001°) Main spindle: Max. 12,000 rpm Tool holder: SK 40 Tool changer: 60-position chain magazine Gjdpfjzz Snysx Aatjkb Equipment & Accessories: Internal coolant supply (IKZ) including paper band filter system Chip conveyor Workpiece measuring probe: DMG TS 649 Complete documentation and machine keys available Upon request, for an additional charge, loading and transport (throughout Europe) can be arranged. All prices plus VAT. Inspection possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to assist you further. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machine purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MORE. Do you need a high-quality but affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours?

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, x-travel 650 mm y-travel 410 mm z-travel 410 mm Control Mitsubishi Meldas 50 M max. turning speeds 6.000 min/-1 tool taper SK 40 In our opinion, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected Gkodpfezz S R Ujx Aatjb under power by appointment. Accessories, tools and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and information as well as prior sale!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Control DMG MORI SLIMline x-travel 500 mm y-travel 450 mm z-travel 400 mm b-axis -5 / + 110 ° 360 ° table dimensions 630 x 500 mm rapid traverse 30 m/min turning speed range 20 - 12.000 U/min Drive power (40/100%) 13/9 kW tool taper SK 40 number of tool places 30 Pos. In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Technical features & accessories: - Chip conveyor - Internal coolant supply (ICS) - Coolant spray gun - Electronic handwheel Gsdpfx Aajzz S Rustjkb - Direct position measuring system (X, Y, Z) - Renishaw probe kit - Oil and emulsion mist separator Accessories, tools, and workholding devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale.

Condition: used, x-travel 400 mm y-travel 315 mm z-travel 400 mm control Dialog 4 spindle tunring speed 3.150 U/min In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Gksdezz S Rnspfx Aatjb Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice and errors. Prior sale is reserved.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, x-travel 1000 mm y-travel 500 mm z-travel 700 mm table surface area 1250 x 700 mm spindle tunring speed 20 - 3.200 U/min main drive motor 22 kW quill stroke 100 mm distance spindlenose - table min./max. 138/600 mm Gkjdszz S Rhspfx Aatjb Feed ( x / y / z) 3.000 mm/min rapid traverse ( x / y / z ) 60/50/60 m/min total power requirement 27 kW In our opinion, the machine is in very good used condition and can be viewed under power by appointment. Accessories, tools and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Changes and errors in the technical data and information as well Subject to prior sale!

Condition: new, CATALOG NUMBER HL001 - New machine, in stock – Pre-milling unit – Radial scraper + polishers TECHNICAL DATA - Panel thickness: 45mm - Edge thickness: 0.4 mm – 3 mm - Min panel width: 90mm - Min panel length: 90mm - Feed speed: 7m/min - Pre-milling: 9000 rpm - Top/bottom: 10500 rpm - Front/back: 8800 rpm - Polishing: 2800 rpm - Main motor: 6kW - Feed power: 0.75kW - Pre-milling power: 1.5kW - Glue spindle power: 0.25kW - Top-bottom milling power: 0.18kW - Top milling power: 0.55kW - Top polishing motor: 3-phase 0.12 kW, 1-phase 0.18 kW - Bottom polishing motor: 3-phase 0.12 kW, 1-phase 0.18 kW - Working table height: 856mm, extended support width: 560mm Gedpfx Aajzx Rq Istskb - Extraction connection: 3x100mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3200/1200/1200mm, weight: 660kg Net price: 49,900 PLN Net price: 11,880 EUR based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Holzmann FS 200SF Professional Woodworking Machine – Made in Austria For sale: Holzmann FS 200SF woodworking machine, manufactured by the Austrian company Holzmann Maschinen. Reliable and robust equipment, ideal for professional woodworking workshops or carpentry businesses. Godpoyq Nzdjfx Aatskb Technical specifications: Model: FS 200SF Manufacturer: Holzmann Maschinen (Austria) Voltage: 400 V / 3 Phase / 50 Hz Motor power: 3.8 HP (continuous – 100%) 5.3 HP (S6 duty cycle) Condition: Good working condition, well maintained and ready for use. Key features: Robust industrial design Powerful 3-phase motor Reliable Austrian engineering Suitable for professional woodworking applications

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, x-travel 560 mm y-travel 300 mm z-travel 420 mm table-size 1100 x 250 mm digital readout 3 Achsen HEIDENHAIN Gkedpfx Asiclm Ajatsb spindle turning speed range 40 - 1180 U/min spindle taper ISO 40 feeds 18 - 384 mm/min milling motor 3,7 kW voltage 400 V total power requirement 5,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,1 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,45 x 1,70 x 1,90 m - Serial-No.: 6760 - 3-axis digital readout HEIDENHAIN - rapid traverse - central lubrication - coolant device - machine light

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, rotational speed (max.): 36,000 rpm, Perfect for: Highly efficient 3D milling of small workpieces – precise milling with high output Materials: Plastics, composite materials such as CFRP / GFRP, model-building materials, aluminum Industries: Automotive, aerospace, transport & logistics, leisure industry, sanitary, boatbuilding, automation Reference number: 1221 Availability: April 2026 Model: 5-axis CNC milling machine G-S-F/B (25-13) Spindle data: 8 kW / 6.4 Nm; 1,000–36,000 rpm; HSK E 40 Rapid traverse X/Y/Z: 80/80/60 Gsdpfsx Uw Stox Aatskb Workpiece dimensions X/Y/Z: 2,500 x 1,300 x 600 Control: SIEMENS – Sinumerik One with HT 2 handheld terminal Tool changer: 13 tools Tables: 1 rotary table Vacuum system: yes Tool breakage and length detection: Renishaw TS 27 R Other: upon request Year of manufacture: 2026 Condition: new

Condition: used, Universal swivel-tilt-rotary table DECKEL type FVW, suitable for FP 2 or FP 3 (Deckel no. 62473). Table size: 700 x 240 mm. Swivel range: +/- 30° in all directions. Weight: approx. 90 kg. Gsdpfxexcilro Aatskb

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 282015 SDU8300, travel distance X-axis: 1,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 350 mm, feed rate X-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 8 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 45,000 rpm, table width: 1,500 mm, table length: 1,000 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,800 mm, total length: 1,950 mm, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, spindle motor power: 6,000 W, CNC machine for powerful machining. The steel/granite sandwich construction for the moving axes, such as the gantry and cross slide, can optionally be driven by AC servomotors via ball screws or by linear motors. In conjunction with high-precision linear guides, it forms the basis of the massive steel/granite machine construction. The advantages of natural stone granite combined with high-strength, lightweight metal offer the highest stiffness while simultaneously reducing weight. This is the only way to achieve the desired dynamics and high feed rates. High-frequency spindles with up to 6.0 kW and 45,000 rpm with HSK25 / HSK32 tool holders are used as milling spindles. The 18-position tool changer (expandable to 36 tools), installed outside the working area, automatically moves from the protective housing to the milling spindle. With the 4th/5th axis designed as a swivel head and the integrated, high-precision gear drive modules, almost all positions of a complex workpiece can be reached with the milling tool. The machine is completed with new, state-of-the-art CNC control functions and an easy-to-use user interface. This allows for 5-axis simultaneous machining via RTCP (Rotation Tool Center Point) function. The control and operating components from Heidenhain include a touchscreen monitor and a comfortable handwheel. Different workpiece clamping systems can be mounted on the universal granite table via steel threaded bushings in a 150x150 mm grid. -Innovative steel/granite sandwich construction -State-of-the-art control technology based on Heidenhain -Automatic tool changer with tool measurement/inspection -Optionally with high-dynamic linear motors or ball screw drives -4th/5th axis as a swivel head or rotary tilting unit on the machine bed -RTCP, TLC, axis kinematics and clamping position compensation -Metal/granite sandwich construction -Rotary/swivel swivel head (4th and 5th axis) -High-dynamic linear motors in the X and Y axes -18-position tool changer, expandable to 36 tools -Heidenhain® TNC640 high-end control -Tool measurement by tool setter or laser -3D edge probe -Modern control panel -Water cooling -Heidenhain® LMT TT160 / optional laser measurement -3D measuring probe -Handwheel -Minimum quantity lubrication -Tool holders Ideal for machining: Brass Godpjzzzylefx Aatekb Aluminum Ceramics Plastic Copper

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, x-travel 300 mm y-travel 160 mm z-travel 340 mm digital readout 3 Achsen HEIDENHAIN Gkodpfx Aaozz S Duotjb spindle taper ISO 40 spindle turning speed range 40 - 2000 U/min quill stroke 60 mm table-size 600 x 210 mm feeds -stepless- 5 - 500 mm/min rapid traverse 1200 mm/min power capacity 1,6 - 2,0 kW table load 200 kg voltage 400 V weight of the machine ca. 800 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,15 x 1,15 x 1,65 m electric cabinet 0,60 x 0,35 x 0,90 m !!! ATTENTION !!! EXCELLENT CONDITION !!! This machine comes from a vocational school! - Serialä-No.: 2102-2445 - 3-axis active digital display HEIDENHAIN TNC 116 - Rapid traverse - Machine light

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7781 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Maximum milling height: 216mm Gkjdjzxq Tpspfx Aatob - Maximum milling depth: 65mm - Maximum cutter diameter: 250mm - Spindle working length: 500mm - Spindle speed: 4600 rpm - Spindle diameter: 40mm - Max tool diameter: 250mm - Worktable dimensions (L/W): 890x400mm - Motor: 11kW - 2 pneumatic material clamps - Air requirement: 6-8 bar - Dust extraction port diameter: 160mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1330x1200x1470mm - Weight: 970kg ADVANTAGES – Polish manufacture – Not repainted – Used milling machine, very good condition Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR (calculated at 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may vary depending on significant fluctuations)

Year of construction: 2011, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: C111707, Reconditioned Production Ready！ Ref No: 1026 Emmegi Comet T5 Work centre CNC with 3 controlled axes, used for the working of bars or aluminium, PVC, light alloys in general and steel pieces. It has two functioning methods: only one work area for bars up to 7.7 m long or two independent work areas with piece load/unload while machine is working. It has an 8 place tools storage on board the X axis slide, able to host 2 angular units and one milling disc, to perform work on the 5 sides of the piece. It also has a mobile work surface that facilitates the piece Gksdpfx Aszlat Soatjb loading/unloading operation and significantly increases the workable section.