Used Widebelt Sanding Machine 2 Units for sale (1,15,967)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7857 Technical data: - Maximum workpiece width: 1100 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 160 mm 2 sanding units: – From above: - Rubber pressure roller, smooth 1) Calibrating grooved rubber roller - Rubber pressure roller Bdedpfx Asyz Rf Hok Hjb 2) Grooved rubber roller + pad + metal roller - Rubber pressure roller - Total unit power: 15 kW – From below: - 3 driven rubber feed rollers - Feed belt - 3 driven rubber feed rollers - Sanding thickness potentiometer - Pneumatic belt oscillation - Table elevation: electric + manual (for precise adjustment) - 2 feed speeds - With pneumatic brake - Working pressure: 6-8 bar - Extraction port diameter: 2 x 140 mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1650 x 1960 x 2100 mm - Weight: 1250 kg ADVANTAGES – Not repainted – Czech production – 2 sanding units – Original operator’s manual (DTR) – Used sander, in very good condition Net price: 36,900 PLN Net price: 8,790 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate: 4.2 PLN/EUR (Price may change if the exchange rate fluctuates significantly)

Condition: ready for operation (used), * Brand: Sandvik Bdedpfxoywmwqs Ak Hob * Type: XS 108 master-flo * Surface: 6000 x 1800 mm – 2 decks * Driving: 18,5 kW E-motor.

Condition: good (used), GUK K50/4/1/FL 2-50 Automatic Folding Machine Machine in perfect condition, ready for production. Format: 500x700mm. Folding speed: 30-160m/min Equipment: 4 parallel cassettes electronically adjusted via computer 1 cross-cut knife First cassette extended. Continuous speed control via inverter control panel Bodpfx Akoywdqhj Hsdb Counter with batching function and folding speed indicator. Rietschle compressor. Raised soundproofing hood. Tool roller for mounting tools such as perforation, creasing, and cutting. FL2-50 feeder with vacuum unit Window cassette with control unit. Mobile delivery with continuous speed control.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Roll forming metal siding “double façade panel” machine SPM-2 Roll forming metal siding “double façade panel” machine SPM-2 is new design product of our company for façade and wall metal panels forming with the necessary configuration. These double façade panels are very popular in construction business of cladding residential buildings and industrial structures, for the construction of fences of various configurations, gazebos, roofing elements, etc. The SPM-2 metal siding production line is fully automatic and consists of a rolling part of the machine, an automation system and guillotine cutting shears at the machine exit. The line can have as additional parts a manual or automatic uncoiler for metal rolls, depending on the customer's needs. As standard version, this metal siding double façade panels roll forming machine SPM-2 makes a flat panel profile, but with the additional equipment, it is possible to roll panels with a microwave or rib shape profile. Bdsdpexghngsfx Ak Heb To start rolling, it is necessary to install a roll of metal to the decoiler and to put the end of the strip to the first rolling rollers of the equipment and feed it into them. After step by step, to put the metal to the next rollers, adjusting it if necessary. When metal comes to the cutting device of machine you need to feed metal into cutting knives and to make “zero” cut. After such step, equipment can move to automatic operation mode. The control panel of machine has the ability to set the number of tasks and the length of products, single tasks or to work in multitasking mode. After setting up necessary parameters the machine will automatically roll the metal cladding wall panels and cut them into necessary sizes. Thus, the customer will receive final product as quickly as possible and with the highest possible result. The roll forming speed is adjustable and can be up to 10-15 meters per minute. The SPM-2 metal wall cladding panels production line has special tools for punching out fastening holes on the side of the panel. It makes possible for the customer to get more interesting solution options and to offer a wider range of products to the end user. The rolling part of the machine has 18 pairs of forming steps, ensuring high quality of final product. You can get machine with protective cover or without it as per your request preferences. Specifications Material width (mm) 416 The material thickness (mm) 0,4-0,5 Engine power (kW) 3 + 1,1 Rolling speed (m/min) 10-15

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: SOP10107, travel distance X-axis: 355 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 305 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 455 mm, table width: 381 mm, table length: 457 mm, spindle speed (min.): 10,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 8, XYZ Machine Tools XYZ 2-OP (2020 Model) Upgrade your workshop with this reliable and high-performance CNC machine from XYZ Machine Tools Ltd, a trusted name in precision engineering. Machine Specifications: Feature Spec / Capability Travel (X × Y × Z) ~ 355 mm × 305 mm × 455 mm Table size ~ 457 mm × 381 mm Max work load ~ 250 kg Spindle BT30 taper, 10,000 rpm, ~ 3 hp (≈ 2.2–2.3 kW) motor Tool changer 8-station automatic tool changer Rapid traverse ~ 15 m/min (X/Y/Z) Control ProtoTRAK TMX conversational CNC (menu-driven, with G-code compatibility), USB file transfer Accuracy / repeatability Positioning accuracy typically around ±0.005 mm (varies with condition), repeatability ±0.003 mm Footprint ~ 760 × 1,220 mm, ~ 2.5 m tall Machine weight ~ 1,100 kg • Year of Manufacture: 2020 • Rated Voltage: 400V • Full Load Current: 15A • Short Circuit Rating: 10kA • Phase: 3 • Cycle: 50Hz • Main Motor Power: 2.2 kW • Max Spindle Speed: 10,000 RPM • Pneumatics: 6 bar / 100 L/min • CE Certified _____ Practical machining use • High-speed drilling, tapping, and small-tool milling: The 10k rpm spindle makes it much better for smaller cutters (Ø3–10 mm) and aluminium machining compared to the older 6k rpm version. • Secondary ops & light milling: Great for “clean-up” cuts, bolt holes, chamfers, flat milling, and side ops after turning. • Batch work with multiple ops: The 8-station tool changer is limiting, but with smart tooling (spot, drill, tap, end mill, chamfer, face) you can cover a lot. • Compact footprint: It can be placed near lathes or VMCs to absorb “2-op” bottlenecks. Condition: • Excellent working order • Lightly used, well-maintained. Has only been used to make Aluminium and Nylon shop fittings. • Ready to go straight into production Why Choose the XYZ 2-OP? • Precision engineering and durability Bedpfx Akoxd Dgyj Hsdb • High spindle speed and robust motor for versatile machining • Compact and efficient design • Backed by XYZ’s reputation for service and reliability Don’t miss this opportunity to own a top-quality XYZ 2-OP machine—perfect for workshops, tool rooms, and production facilities looking to boost their machining capabilities.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, These machines are marketed as 2 opp machines and very good they are too but we consider them to be great little 1st opp machine in its own right. can be demonstrated Remarkable capacity for such a small machine. Machine has 6 tool holders Year: 2016 Bdodpeydvzdjfx Ak Hob Control: ProtoTrak TMX Table Size: 457 x 381mm ‘X’ axis Travel: 355mm ‘Y’ axis Travel: 305mm ‘Z’ axis Travel: 455mm Spindle Speeds: 50 – 6000 RPM Spindle Taper: BT 30 Tool magazine capacity: 8 station Dimensions w x d x h: 760 x 1220 x 2585mm Weight: 1,100 kg can be demonstrated if required

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, XYZ 2-OP Vertical Machining Centre ProtoTRAK TMX Control (2015) Year of Manufacture: 2015 Spindle Speeds to 6,000rpm Spindle Taper BT30 Bdjdpsya H Nkefx Ak Hjb Table Size 457 x 381mm Table Travels 355 x 305 x 455mm (XYZ) 6 Station ATC Rapid Traveres 15m/min Footprint 760 x 1,220 x 2500mm Weight 1100kgs 415V Electrics Air Require for ATC For sale with *Jet Machinery Ltd* Jet Machinery Stock No: #79155 Machine Serial Number: SOP02060 Cost: £17,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2004, laser power: 4,000 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 9 mm, travel distance X-axis: 3,420 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,550 mm, CO2 laser cutting machine with pallet changer, loading/unloading system, and sheet metal storage TECHNICAL DETAILS X travel: 3,420 mm Bdedpfoy D Izqsx Ak Hob Y travel: 1,550 mm Z travel: 200 mm Working area: 3,070 x 1,550 x 200 mm Laser power: 4,000 W Cutting thickness steel / stainless / aluminum: 22 / 12 / 9 mm Table load: 920 kg Traverse speed X/Y/Z: 80 / 80 / 60 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Control unit: Fanuc 160 iLB Machine weight: 15,500 kg EQUIPMENT Double storage tower LKI UL300FO TWIN, year of manufacture 2004 Extraction and filter unit Torit Chiller unit MTA 201

Condition: used, Used machine Bdjdpfx Akjy Ih Sds Hob Features and technical data: - Infinitely variable tilting of the horizontal grinding surface from 0 to 90° - Disc grinding attachment - Abrasive belt size: 2,250 x 150 mm - Extraction port diameter: 100 mm - Work surface: 850 x 150 mm - Belt speed: 16 m/s - Power: 1.1 kW - Roller diameter: 112 mm - Dimensions: 1,350 x 470 x 1,000 mm - Weight: approx. 80 kg Availability: short-term Location: 63934 Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, Used machine Year of manufacture: 1984 Condition: fully checked and serviced Equipment and technical data: - Incl. combination unit with contact roller and sanding pad - With height-adjustable contact roller for calibration - With air cushion pressure shoe controlled by the workpiece - 4-way adjustable grit compensation - With pneumatic belt tensioning device - With rotating structuring brush at the machine's outfeed side - Sanding width: 1350 mm - Sanding belt length: 1900 mm - Pass-through height: 150 mm - Main motor: 15 kW - Feed speed steplessly adjustable 2.5 - 12.5 m/min - With roller table at the infeed Bedew R Hh Ujpfx Ak Hjdb - With separate additional structuring brush - With roller table at the outfeed - With digital display unit for the electromotoric workpiece thickness setting - With automatic workpiece thickness adjustment - Extraction ports: 2 x 200 mm - Feed belt is ok; has a defect in one spot (see photo) Dimensions: approx. 2300 x 2000 x 2300 mm Weight approx.: 2500 kg Pictures show the machine in unchecked condition! Availability: short-term Location: Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Abrasive belt length, 1st unit: 2150 mm Max. working width: 1300 mm Bdsdpfexzi S Njx Ak Hsb Number of belts: 3-belt 1st unit: Cross belt design 1st unit: Cross belt sanding shoe 1st unit: Electronic segmented shoe Abrasive belt width, 1st unit: 150 x 4800 mm Drive, 1st unit: kW 2nd unit: Longitudinal roller design 2nd unit: Steel calibrating roller Abrasive belt length, 2nd unit: 2150 mm Abrasive belt width, 2nd unit: 1350 mm Abrasive belt speed, 2nd unit: 18 m/sec 3rd unit: Shoe unit design 3rd roller: Electronic segmented pressure beam SDS Sy Sanding shoe, 3rd unit: Electronic individual segments, 32 mm width Abrasive belt length, 3rd unit: 2150 mm Abrasive belt width, 3rd unit: 1350 mm Suitable for lacquer sanding: Yes Belt blow-off: Yes Vacuum conveyor belt: Yes Feed speed, fixed: stepless 5-15 m/min Control: Touchscreen control Electr./pneum. belt oscillation: electric Infeed height: variable (lower table runs) Table stroke: electro-motor Digital table display Working height or feed table height: 880 mm Location: Nattheim

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, Used machine Year of manufacture: 1989 Equipment and technical data: Drilling capacity: 16/20 mm (temporarily up to 23 mm) Morse taper MK 2 Throat depth: 245 mm Drilling depth: 100 mm Column diameter: 82 mm Table size: 220 x 310 mm Motor power: 0.75 kW Spindle speeds: 340-530-900-1530-2400 rpm Weight: 132 kg Bodpfjy Ih Tzsx Ak Hodb Availability: short notice Location: 63934 Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Used machine Year of manufacture: 2000 Equipment and technical specifications: - Grinding unit can be swiveled via hand crank - The machine base is made of welded steel, ensuring high torsional rigidity and vibration-free operation - Oscillating sanding belt with a separate geared motor for improved sanding results - Oscillation can be optionally switched on - Graphite-coated sanding shoe for longer sanding belt service life - Height-adjustable sanding table allows use of the full sanding belt width - Additional table for sanding radii with integrated extraction ports - Spring-loaded belt tensioning system automatically compensates for differences in belt length - Equipped with adjustable stops, making it ideal for veneer sanding - Veneer overhang can be easily sanded down - With mobile undercarriage - Oscillation motor power: 0.11 kW - Mains voltage: 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Sanding belt length: 2,640 mm - Sanding belt width: 150 mm - Belt speed: 14 m/s - Oscillation stroke: 15 mm - Sanding surface length: 800 mm - Sanding surface width: 150 mm - Grinding unit swivel range: 0–45° - Worktable length: 950 mm - Worktable width: 450 mm - Worktable height adjustment: 110 mm Bedpjwkbcbjfx Ak Hedb - Dimensions: 1,700 × 1,000 × 1,150 mm - Weight: 300 kg Availability: short-term Location: Flörsheim

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Working width: 950 mm Workpiece height min: 4 mm Workpiece height max: 170 mm Height adjustment: electronic Bdjdeknyhlopfx Ak Hsb Workpiece thickness display: digital Control system: Fox 500 KTR Units: 1 1st unit: Combination unit for calibration and sanding / Helically grooved steel roller Ø 120 mm with fine height adjustment / Hard sanding pad with graphite lining Deburring brush: no Motor power: 7.5 kW Extraction port: 140 mm Machine length: 1388 mm Machine width: 1545 mm Machine height: 1668 mm Weight: 660 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, Working width: 1100 mm Minimum workpiece height: 4 mm Maximum workpiece height: 170 mm Height adjustment: electronic Workpiece thickness display: digital Bdjdpoirmg Usfx Ak Hob Number of units: 2 1st unit: Helically grooved steel roller Ø 120 mm, fine adjustment for calibration, pneumatic on/off for the roller 2nd unit: Combination unit with finely adjustable working height for calibration and fine sanding: rubber-coated roller Ø 120 mm (45 Sh), hard sanding shoe with graphite coating on an interchangeable insert and pneumatic on/off of the roller Segmented sanding shoe: elastic, sector spacing 56 Control system: FOX 500 KTR Dust removal brush: no Motor power: 15 kW Extraction connection: 2 x 140 mm Machine length: 1650 mm Machine width: 1820 mm Machine height: 1960 mm Weight: 1170 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7963 Bsdpfjyzy D Sox Ak Hsdb TECHNICAL DATA Equipment: - disc - heating strip - guillotine - glue tank (granulate) - tape feeder - guillotine - 3 pressure rollers - finishing unit with saw blades - 2 milling units for edge profiling (radius cutters) - scrapers – for removing excess glue - 2 polishers - workpiece thickness 10-60mm - edge band thickness 0.4-5mm - pull-out support table - feed speed 9m/min - total power 5.5kW - extraction port diameter 120mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 3100/1080/1470mm - weight 670kg ADVANTAGES – DTR technical documentation – not repainted – Austrian manufacture – year of production: 2010 – perfect condition – used edgebander Net price: 17,900 PLN Net price: 4,260 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (In the case of larger exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: new, CATALOG NUMBER HL001 Bdsdpfxsyg Ecvj Ak Hsb - New machine, in stock – Pre-milling unit – Radial scraper + polishers TECHNICAL DATA - Panel thickness: 45mm - Edge thickness: 0.4 mm – 3 mm - Min panel width: 90mm - Min panel length: 90mm - Feed speed: 7m/min - Pre-milling: 9000 rpm - Top/bottom: 10500 rpm - Front/back: 8800 rpm - Polishing: 2800 rpm - Main motor: 6kW - Feed power: 0.75kW - Pre-milling power: 1.5kW - Glue spindle power: 0.25kW - Top-bottom milling power: 0.18kW - Top milling power: 0.55kW - Top polishing motor: 3-phase 0.12 kW, 1-phase 0.18 kW - Bottom polishing motor: 3-phase 0.12 kW, 1-phase 0.18 kW - Working table height: 856mm, extended support width: 560mm - Extraction connection: 3x100mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3200/1200/1200mm, weight: 660kg Net price: 49,900 PLN Net price: 11,880 EUR based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7928 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. workpiece height: 120 mm - Max. workpiece width: 1900 mm - Top unit with 6 brushes - Unit adjustable up/down - Oscillating unit - Rotating star-shaped sanding unit arrangement - Infinitely adjustable brush speed via inverter - Infinitely adjustable feed, rotation, and oscillation speeds - Main motor: 7.5 kW - Vacuum table - Two vacuum pumps: 2×7.5 kW Bjdpfxoyu Tmlo Ak Hodb - Pump dimensions: 1100x800x940 mm - Extraction port diameter: 4x150 mm, 4x200 mm - Overall machine dimensions (L/W/H): 2850x2100x2400 mm - Weight approx. 2500 kg ADVANTAGES – Two vacuum pumps – With oscillation – Rotating aggregate – German-made – Unpainted – Original DTR documentation – Used sander, very good condition Net price: 45,900 PLN Net price: 10,900 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of major exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: used, Belt sanding machine BÜRKLE BSU 2500/800 - used - Sanding belt cover, Extraction fan ----- Technical data ----- Table size: 2,500 x 800 mm, Motor: 5.5 kW, Sanding belt dimensions (LxW): 7,200 mm Bdedpexlt Ebjfx Ak Hsb

Condition: excellent (used), Belt grinding machine HOLZKRAFT LBSM 2505 - used - Grinding belt cover, Right-/left-hand rotation, Swiveling grinding unit Bsdoyfwcrspfx Ak Hjdb ----- Technical data ----- Table size: 2,400 x 800 mm, Throat depth: 650 mm, Motor: 3 kW, Grinding belt dimensions (LxW): 150 x 6,400 mm Quality information: - Belt tracking checked - Grinding shoe checked - Height adjustment checked - Grinding table guide checked - Complete basic cleaning performed - Electrical system checked - Immediately ready for operation

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, I sell the 3-side brushing machine Wikoma SP-3/300 - 1350/2x15°/P, Year 2006. 2 pcs. Surface brushes from top Working width 1350mm Bedpovyln Ijfx Ak Hodb Vacuum underpressure table with ventilator. Adjustable rotation and feeding speed. Suitable for rustical brushing and patina surface. Profiles possible. Made in Italy Available immediately.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Chassis for edge banding machines Was mounted on Homag Edgeteq S-200, KDF 1130 FC (1100kg). Will certainly also fit other machines, such as Brandt (minor modifications may be necessary) Length of U-section: approx. 1130mm Overall height incl. castors: approx. 150mm 4 sturdy steel swivel castors with grease fittings 2 locking brakes 2 leveling plates for height adjustment Machine can be demonstrated on site by appointment. We only offer machines that are ready for demonstration in our warehouse, see "more offers from this seller". Bdsdpfow S Dmdjx Ak Hsb

Condition: new, Number of sanding units 8 st. sanding width 180 (260) mm Sanding height max. 160 mm Dimensions (L/W/H) 3065x1600x1900 mm weight of the machine ca. 1500 kg LÖWER Leistomat SD ----- Automatic fine grinding machine for wood grinding (smoothing, defibering and Edge breaking) or intermediate sanding of profiled window bars. With soft disc Technology for the visible surfaces as well as automatically safe profile and Width adjustment. - 2 lamella roller units on the side, each 0.75kW, L=120mm, D=200mm 1 softisc unit Ø=200mm above 0.75kW, 1 slat roller unit L=200mm top 0.75kW, 1 soft disc unit Ø=200mm bottom 0.75kW, 1 slat roller unit L=200mm bottom 0.75kW, 2 lamella roller units on the side, each 0.75kW, L=120mm, D=200mm - Linear guidance of all grinding units Linear ball bearing sets on hardened shafts - time-controlled immersion of all lamella roller units directly above the incoming workpiece edges. By the It is possible to immerse the aggregates deeper into the profiles to be able to deliver. - Motorized workpiece thickness adjustment of the machine - variable grinding flap speed via frequency converter for adjusting the grinding intensity using frequency converters (separate for discs, surface rollers and side rollers) - Disc aggregates as soft discs with Velcro fastener for Grinding wheels (wood pulp) - Feed via three lower and one upper conveyor belts and Spring-loaded pressure rollers with infinitely variable speed 4-15m/min - Parameters that can be set using the touch panel are workpiece thickness, Workpiece width (left side units individually), immersion depth Side units, spindle speed, feed speed - Saving the parameters as machine programs in program mode - Working in automatic mode with non-contact Workpiece width detection and profile detection as well as automatic Adjustment of the sanding units to the workpiece width and the Profile shape (workpiece height is set in advance) - pneumatically clocked driven feed roller, automatic Clamping of the workpiece and feeding in after unit adjustment - Red/green indicator lights to indicate operational readiness - shortest workpiece length 380mm Bsdpfsvnv Uhsx Ak Hodb - Transport belt width 200mm - max. workpiece width 180mm (260mm in the envelope process) - Workpiece height 12-160mm - Suction connection 4 x 100mm and 2x80mm diameter - Sensor-controlled tool blow-off directly on the discs - Length (case) x width x height (mm): 3065x 1600 x 1900 Complete length: 4365mm (including roller conveyor with integrated workpiece width detection) - Weight: 1500kg - Operating voltage 400V, 50Hz, 3P, air connection 6 bar - CE version ----- Price of the above machine on request! ----- Special accessories with additional costs: Set of replacement slats for Leistomat SD-200 consisting of Area aggregates: 30 strips EH45 / 200 - 7 (rolls) 30 strips EH45 / 200 - 20 (rolls) Folding units: 96 strips M55 / 120 - 4 SmartFlex slat disc Ø200 solid with 30 grooves 50mm long Set of replacement slats for SmartFlex slat disc consisting of 60 strip M35 / 50 K 180-7 p Sandpaper disc VB for soft disc D=200mm grit 220 with velor backing (Velcro), pack of 100. Sandpaper disc VB for soft disc D=200mm grit 280 with velor backing (Velcro), pack of 100. ----- Price of the above-mentioned special accessories on request! -----...

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Vertical belt grinder RB R83 Motor power: 2.2 kW Two belt speeds Abrasive belt rotation to the right and left Belt width: 40 mm Belt length: 1700 mm Year of manufacture: 2008 Weight: 104 kg Bjdpfxjyzhlwj Ak Hjdb Technical documentation

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ST D2 002, saw blade diameter: 250 mm, overall weight: 2,850 kg, cutting width (max.): 450 mm, Two-spindle multi-saw wood cutting machine JL32 Good working condition Max. 10 circular saw blades on the spindle, diameter 250mm x 70mm Main spindle dimensions: diameter 70mm, length 420mm Feed rate (cutting): 5-25 m/min Bedpfxey E Snqs Ak Hedb Machine dimensions: length 2200mm, width 1500mm, height 1900mm Machine weight: 2850kg Voltage: 380V Main motor power: 30kW and 22kW (2950 min-1) Feed motor power: 0.75kW and 0.75kW (900 min-1)