Used Ziersch & Baltrusch Surface And Profile Grinding Machine for sale (72,399)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, power: 1.5 kW (2.04 HP), input voltage: 200 V, Mitsui precision grinder, surface grinder manufacturer Mitsui MGG CO.LTD type: MSG-250H2 year of manufacture:1990-6 Table width: 200mm Table length: 480mm Table longitudinal movement, maximum: 520mm Table lateral movement, maximum 250 mm Table movement: 5-20m/min Forward-backward feed: Per revolution: 6 mm Per scale: 0.02 mm Gedpfswviarjx Anzsbn Lateral feed: Per revolution: 6 mm Per scale: 0.01mm Grinding spindle speed: 2900 rpm 50 Hz Table total length: 1385x285 mm Magnetic table: 300x130x100 mm Coolant unit, Maximum height from table surface to center of grinding wheel axis: 400 mm Grinding wheel diameter, standard: 205mm Grinding wheel width: 20mm Wheel spindle speed: 2900 rpm 50Hz Grinding wheel bore diameter: 31.75mm Electrical power: 2 HP 1.5 KW 4P 200V 3 phase Weight, approx.: 1105 kg

Condition: new, neu ca. 6 Monate ab Auftragse Taiwan 197430 € 3731.43 € 1010 mm 590 mm 1000 x 400 mm 1000 x 400 mm 0 -25 m/min 0 - 4000 mm/min 0,001 mm 450 mm 450 mm 0 - 3800 mm/min 0.001 mm 600 - 3600 1/min 11 kW 3675 mm 4055 mm 2480 mm 6500 kg 423 kg 670 kg 405 x 50 x 127 mm 2,4 / 3,9 kW 5.9 kW 0,005 mm 0,003 mm Rigid machine construction with a movable column for effective stability to ensure high grinding performance and machining accuracy Smart iControlIV control with 15" touchscreen with electronic wired handwheel PC-based control with graphical dialog programming or G-code programming Infinitely variable speed Surface grinding cycle, cross grinding cycle, plunge grinding cycle, multi-groove grinding cycle, contour grinding cycle, dressing cycle Spindle with 6 angular contact ball bearings (4 front and 2 rear) All 3 axes with precision ball screws and AC servo motors A balancing system is attached to the spindle housing to reduce stress on the machine structure Full enclosure with lighting Electromagnetic chuck Coolant system 300 l/min with drum paper filter and magnetic separator Driven wheel dressing device mounted on the table, 1.7 kW, with double support, width 200 mm, diameter 35 or 52 mm Grinding wheel Grinding wheel flange Grinding wheel balancing scale Heat exchanger for the control cabinet Machine and equipment compliant with CE regulations Operating instructions in GERMAN or ENGLISH Accuracy standard ISO 1986-1 OPTIONS (prices on request): Gsdpfxey Ubbfs Anzsbn Linear encoders for Y and Z axes Oil mist collector

Condition: new, neu ca. 6 Monate ab Auftragse Taiwan 171130 € 3234.36 € 610 mm 590 mm 600 x 300 mm 600 x 300 mm 0 - 25 m/min 0 - 4000 mm/min 0,001 mm 350 mm 450 mm 0 - 3800 mm/min 0.001 mm 600 - 3600 1/min 11 kW 3103 mm 3933 mm 2480 mm 5800 kg 810 mm 314 kg 420 kg 405 x 50 x 127 mm 2,4 / 3,9 kW 3.9 kW 0,005 mm 0,003 mm Rigid machine construction with a movable column for effective stability to ensure high grinding performance and machining accuracy Smart iControlIV control with 15" touchscreen with electronic wired handwheel PC-based control with graphical dialog programming or G-code programming Infinitely variable speed Surface grinding cycle, cross grinding cycle, plunge grinding cycle, multi-groove grinding cycle, contour grinding cycle, dressing cycle Spindle with 6 angular contact ball bearings (4 front and 2 rear) All 3 axes with precision ball screws and AC servo motors A balancing system is attached to the spindle housing to reduce stress on the machine structure Full enclosure with lighting Electromagnetic chuck Coolant system 200 l/min with drum paper filter and magnetic separator Driven wheel dressing device mounted on the table, 1.5 kW, with double support, width 100 mm, diameter 35 or 52 mm Grinding wheel Grinding wheel flange Grinding wheel balancing scale Heat exchanger for the control cabinet Machine and equipment compliant with CE regulations Operating instructions in GERMAN or ENGLISH Accuracy standard ISO 1986-1 Gbedpfx Anjy Uba Uozsn OPTIONS (prices on request): Linear encoders for Y and Z axes Oil mist collector

Condition: new, neu ca. 6 Monate ab Auftragse Taiwan 33970 € 648.83 € 457 mm 450 mm 457 x 203 mm 450 x 200 mm 500 mm 530 mm 5 - 25 m/min 960 mm/min 0,4 - 6 mm 230 mm 2850 1/min 1,5 kW 0.75 kW 0.04 kW Gbsdpfxoy A S Ule Anzsn 3,7 kW 2200 mm 1575 mm 1950 mm 1320 kg 215 kg 250 kg 203 x 12,7 x 31,75 mm manual vertical feed grinding wheel spindle on 4 high precision angular contact bearings electro-magnetic chuck coolant equiptment 34 lt with magnetic separator and dust exhaust manual dresser with diamond grinding wheel grinding wheel flange grinding wheel balancing scale balance arbor LED machine lamp machine and equipment according to the CE-regulations user manual in GERMAN and ENGLISH

Condition: new, neu ca. 6 Monate ab Auftragse Taiwan 21770 € 417.98 € Gsdpfewirn Eox Anzjbn 457 mm 460 x 146 mm 450 x 150 mm 482 mm 180 mm 1900 mm 1400 mm 2130 mm 680 kg 208 x 12,7 x 31,75 mm 1,5 kW 3 mm 0,01 mm manual vertical feed manual longitudinal and cross movement of the table grinding wheel spindle on 4 high precision angular contact bearings electro-magnetic chuck150x450 mm coolant equiptment with filter manual dresser with diamond grinding wheel grinding wheel flange grinding wheel balancing scale balance arbor LED machine lamp machine and equipment according to the CE-regulations user manual in GERMAN and ENGLISH

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, neu 2025 050068 prompt, Zwischenverkauf v Taiwan 39520 € 754.83 € 1 457 mm 450 mm 457 x 203 mm 450 x 200 mm 215 kg 500 mm 530 mm 5 - 25 m/min 960 mm/min 0,4 - 6 mm 230 mm 0,002 - 0,04 mm/min 2850 1/min 1,5 kW 0.75 kW 0.04 kW 0.19 kW 3,7 kW 2200 mm 1575 mm 1950 mm 1320 kg 215 kg 250 kg 203 x 12,7 x 31,75 mm control panel on swiveling arm aut. vertical feed grinding wheel spindle on 4 high precision angular contact bearings electro-magnetic chuck coolant equiptment 34 lt with magnetic separator and dust exhaust manual dresser with diamond grinding wheel grinding wheel flange grinding wheel balancing scale balance arbor LED machine lamp machine and equipment according to the CE-regulations Gbodowirh Eepfx Anzjn user manual in GERMAN and ENGLISH

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 50 h, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 500 mm, grinding width: 300 mm, total height: 585 mm, total length: 600 mm, feed length X-axis: 630 mm, feed length Z-axis: 360 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 300 kg, grinding height: 400 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 355 mm, table length: 600 mm, table load: 300 kg, table width: 300 mm, grinding wheel width: 50 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 1,800 rpm, overall weight: 3,600 kg, grinding spindle motor power: 7,450 W, power: 11.93 kW (16.22 HP), space requirement height: 2,900 mm, space requirement length: 3,100 mm, space requirement width: 3,300 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Machine options: Mitsubishi control system Cooling with automatic paper filtration and magnetic separation, 160-liter capacity Gedpfjy Rln Uox Anzjbn 1 spare flange Magnetic chuck controller with demagnetizing function Dynamic wheel balancing SPINFLO spindle cooling Oil mist extraction Transformer Rotary dresser Standard dresser Hand controller LED work area lighting Warning beacon

Condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE MAX GRINDING LENGTH: 1015 mm MAX GRINDING WIDTH: 405 mm MAX GRINDING HEIGTH: 350 mm MAGNETIC CHUCK: 400 x 1000 mm Gbsdpfx Anoh St Dqjzen GRINDING WHEEL SIZE: 50 x 127 x 350 mm MOTOR POWER: 3,7 kW WEIGHT: 3600 Kg OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 3500 x 1700 x 2000 mm ACCESSORIES: DRESSING TOOL

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1970, Technical details: grinding length: 1000 mm grinding width: 400 mm workpiece height: 500 mm Table dimensions: 2230 x 670 mm table surface area: 1340 x 400 mm magnetic plate size: 1000 x 410 mm table load: 450 kg throat of the spindle nose: max 330 mm grinding spindle speed: 1440 U/min total power requirement: 18,2 kW weight of the machine ca.: 3,5 nur Maschine t dimension machine xH: 1,9 x 3,3 x 2,25 m dimensions electric cabinet LxWxH: 1,0 x 0,4 x 1,4 m Precision surface grinding machine Possible surface grinding operations: -cross grinding; plunge grinding; face grinding and grinding with a straight grinding track Further specifications: -hydraulic table speed, infinitely variable 1...30 or 2...30 m/min. -Largest table stroke 1150 mm -Manual cross feed 0.01 mm -Manual vertical infeed of the grinding wheel 0.002mm and minimum infeed 0.001mm Gbedpfx Anex Afpaezon -Automatic infeed 0.001...0.1mm -Largest selectable total infeed amount 5.0mm -Coolant system (tank with pump) -hydr. aggregate -control cabinet *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1970, Technical details: grinding length: 1000 mm grinding width: 315 mm workpiece height: 390/455 mm feed: quer: 0,3-3,5 mm table adjustment: längs 1150 mm table speed: 2,5-25 m/min Table dimensions: 2120 x 600 mm magnetic plate size: 1000 x 315 x 100 mm table surface area: 1160 x 315 mm feed of spindle: 0,002 - 0,05 mm distance table - spindle center: max. 550 mm throat of the spindle nose: 200-580 mm grinding spindle speed: 1500 / 3000 U/min total power requirement: 10,5 kW weight of the machine ca.: 5,0 t dimension machine xH: 1,3x1,4x1,95 m dimension coolant device LxWxH: 0,7x0,7x0,55 m - coolant device (Tank with pumps) - 2 pieces grinding disc intakes Gedsu Nggzspfx Anzobn - 4 pieces machine base i.D. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1973, Technical details: grinding length: 400 mm grinding width: 200 mm Gbedpfexu Dv Asx Anzon workpiece height: 300 mm dimensions of grinding wheel: 275 - 315 mm magnetic plate size: 400 x 200 mm max. table load: 200 kg weight of the machine ca.: 1,6 t dimension machine xH: 1,55 x 1,45 x 2,20 m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1961, Technical details: grinding length: 600 mm grinding width: 200 mm workpiece height: 270 mm grinding length: mit Magnet: 500 mm Distance Spindlecenter - clamping surface area, min:: 350 mm grinding spindle speed: 1000...4700 U/min table surface area: 720 x 200 mm table load capacity: 60 kp magnetic plate size: 455 x 180 (Gleichstrom) mm magnetic-table: vertical kippen 90° längs Stück total power requirement: 2,0 (2,7 PS) kW weight of the machine ca.: 1600 + 176 kg Gleichrichter kg dimension machine xH: 1,4 x 1,8 x 1,7 m transport measurements machine: 1,4 x 1,8 x 1,6 m dimensions electric cabinet: L: 850 x B: 450 x H: 1.100 mm dimensions of grinding wheel: Ø 225 x 20 x Bohrung Ø 51 mm mm The magnetic plate (24V) is cooled. Grinding spindle: The grinding wheel infeed is electric, vertical 270mm, infeed z-axis 0,002 mm to unlimited inching infeed 0,001 - 0,010mm Peripheral speed max 35 m/sec. allowed equipped with coolant tank, pump and magnetic separator, as well as grinding wheel - size Ø 152 x 14mm plus various accessories (in the cabinet) like some grinding wheels and balancing flange Gedpju Ngg Usfx Anzobn The machine is pre-equipped for an exhaust system. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, Technical details: grinding length: 600 mm grinding width: 350 mm workpiece height: 600 mm feed: 1 - 30 m/min magnetic plate size: 610 x 255 mm distance table - spindle center: min./max. 150 / 420 mm grinding spindle speed: 3000 U/min stroke of the table: min./max.: 200 / 650 mm total power requirement: ca. 4,0 kW weight of the machine ca.: 2,5 t dimension machine xH: 1,5 x 1,9 x 2,0 m dimension coolant device LxWxH: 0,63 x 0,40 x 0,65 m Headstock: -vertical travel Y = 0.002 - 0.06 mm -adjustment = 0,001 - 2mm Cross slide: Gjdou Ngicspfx Anzjbn -transverse travel Z = 360mm -feed adjustment = 1 - 60mm/stroke -rapid traverse = 1.2 m/min. Dressing manual Cooling water unit with capacity 140Liter Equipment: -3x support feet -machine lighting accessories: -alignment device for grinding wheel holder *

Condition: used, Technical details: grinding length: 630 mm grinding width: 250 mm workpiece height: 300 mm Table dimensions: 2050 x 340 mm magnetic plate size: 600 x 250 (110V) mm feed range: Tisch: 0,005 - 0,045 mm/Hub feed of spindle: 0,001 - 0,045 mm/Hub dimensions of grinding wheel: Ø 220 x 46 mm total power requirement: 8,5 kW dimension machine xH: 2,1 x 1,8 x 1,9 m dimension coolant device LxWxH: 0,8 x 0,31 x 0,5 m -Longitudinal table stroke = 700mm -transverse travel of table = 800mm Gsdpfsu Ngkmox Anzjbn Coolant pump *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, Technical details: Gbodpou Ngkyjfx Anzjn grinding length: 500 mm grinding width: 250 mm workpiece height: 250 mm table surface area: 530 x 200 mm magnetic plate size: L:460 x B:150 x H:87 mm table speed: 2 - 32 m/min table adjustment: Längsweg: 550 mm table adjustment: Querweg: 300 mm feed of spindle: 0,001 mm/Hub grinding spindle speed: 3.000 U/min dimensions of grinding wheel: max. Ø 250 x B:25; Bohung Ø 76 mm total power requirement: 4,3 kW weight of the machine ca.: 2,2 t dimension machine xH: 2,3 x 1,8 x 2,2 m dimensions of hydaulic: L: 500 x B: 480 x H: 680 mm dimension coolant device LxWxH: 0,65 x 0,45 x 0,8 m The machine is currently equipped with a grinding wheel Ø 240 x 22mm. On the table there is a permanent magnet plate with 30 induction fields, operated by a hand lever. Operation via swiveling control panel. no dressing device incl. oil collecting tank; grinding wheel holder and available documentation *

Condition: ready for operation (used), For sale here is an optical profile grinding machine by Fritz Werner, type SP. The machine is in very good condition and can be tested on site. Technical data: - Axial relief: 0 to +35 - Lateral relief: ±15 - Grinding carriage stroke, fine adjustment: 36 to 72 per min - Maximum grinding wheel diameter: 175 mm - Grinding spindle speed: 1925 to 3850 per min - Maximum workpiece height: 125 mm - Workpiece length: 250 mm - Variable speed motor for grinding spindle: 1400 to 2800 per min Godpowv Havofx Anzobn Should you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me.

Condition: ready for operation (used), The machine is in very good condition and can be tested on site. Technical Data – Grinding Machine Machining area (mm) Height x Length x Depth: 80 x 110 x 55 Gbsdpfx Aewvgidenzjn Motor power (kW): 0.5 Speed (min-1): 5000 Feed rate (hod/min): 150 Table load (kg): 20 Control: BOSCH Accuracy: 0.005 mm, reading via CNC, template grinding 1:10, 1:20, or 1:50, suitable for rough grinding. If you have further questions, I am at your disposal.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 3520.17.137, Tripet TST201CNC No. 3520.17.137, Year of Manufacture: 1987 Gbjdpfx Anewffmmezon Power: 76 kW

Condition: used, grinding length:650 mm grinding width:450 mm workpiece height:425 (ohne Magnetplatte) mm max. workpiece weight:600 kg weight of the machine ca.:3,8 t total power requirement:15 kW machine dimensions approx. WxHxD:3,0 x 2,4 x 2,3 m Used/reconditioned surface grinding machine, make GER, type RSA-650. Automatic infeed in all 3 axes. Machine geometrically overhauled, repainted (RAL6011, green), all functions tested, accuracy checked. OVERHAUL SCOPE: Machine completely disassembled, all components thoroughly cleaned and tested for complete functionality. Main spindle newly mounted, concentricity 3 µ. All guideways newly scraped in new machine geometry. Wear parts replaced, defective components repaired or replaced. Reassembly, complete functional test and internal acceptance. Machine repainted. Machine in perfect condition, ready for production. MEASURED GEOMETRIC ACCURACIES: Actual geometric accuracy after overhaul, measurement with dial gauge. Geometry of machine axes X and Z Gbodpfofkg H Tsx Anzjn X = longitudinal axis 650 mm Z = transverse axis 450 mm Measurement magnet traversed with dial gauge. X axis = Max. Deviation 0,008 mm Z axis = Max. Deviation 0,005 mm INCL. THE FOLLOWING ACCESSORIES: -Electro-magnetic clamping plate, with fine longitudinal pole pitch. dimensions 600 x 400mm -demagnetizing device -Complete coolant device with paper band filter - Digital display of the vertical axis (Y-axis), make Sony -Technical documentation in English language -1 pieces grinding wheel holders -1 piece grinding wheel dresser, mounted above the grinding wheel with manual infeed and automatic (hydraulically operated) transverse movement - 1 set of setting elements You can find more information in the attachment. Payment: 100% before loading the machine Warranty: 6 months on the geometry and the new parts demonstrably installed. No general legal warranty.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 500 mm, grinding width: 250 mm, Young, like-new demonstration machine: High-precision surface grinding machine, "Optimal" series, available at a special net price. Grinding area: 500 x 250 mm Features: ● Surface grinding machine with automatic vertical feed ● Grinding sequence: roughing – finishing – spark-out ● Siemens S700 touchscreen panel and electronic handwheel for Y-axis ● Digital display for vertical axis Y and cross axis Z ● Table cover and splash guards in stainless steel design ● Electrical cabinet fitted predominantly with Siemens components ● Includes manual dressing device, electro-magnetic chuck, and coolant filtration system Main technical data: Grinding length mm 500 Grinding width mm 250 Distance table surface to spindle center mm 450 Table drive Hydraulic Table load kg 180 Longitudinal movement X Table speed, steplessly adjustable m/min 7 – 23 Max. longitudinal travel mm 560 Cross movement Z Max. travel speed mm/min 990 Max. cross travel mm 275 Vertical movement Y Max. travel speed mm/min 460 Grinding spindle / Grinding wheel Spindle power kW 2.2 Gbsdpfxoyak Dlo Anzon Wheel dimensions mm 200x20x31.75 Spindle speed (speed control optional) min⁻¹ 2850 Dimensions Machine weight (net) kg 1800 Machine dimensions (inc. reciprocation) Width mm 2300 Depth mm 1650 Height mm 1680 Power connection kW 3.7 All model series include standard accessories: ● 1 standard grinding wheel ● 1 wheel flange ● 1 dressing block with diamond ● 1 balancing arbor ● 1 balancing stand ● 1 machine lamp ● 1 set of machine tools ● 1 set of documentation with spare part list ● Machine in CE-conform (metric version) Precision and surface quality at optimal price. Fully equipped for universal use in a wide range of industrial and application areas. Machine comes with a 12-month parts warranty. By the way, aside from affordable new and certified used machines, we offer even more: • On-site consultation and solution finding • Organization of machine transport to your facility • Installation, commissioning, and turnkey handover • Spare parts supply • Control training for Siemens, Heidenhain, and Fanuc • Trained service staff available in your area and more • 24/7 telephone support • Tax-optimized trade-in of your old machine • Attractive financing options, even without down payment

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: EB1206, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 1,700 mm, total width: 2,600 mm, Proth PSGS-2550AH surface grinding machine. Like new. Never used!! Fully functional. Magnetic clamping plate: 500x250x80mm Max. workpiece weight: 320kg Travel distances: Longitudinal: 600mm Gjdpfx Aszcdy Eenzjbn Transverse: 280mm Spindle speed: 1500 RPM Hydraulic longitudinal feed: 1-25m/min Transverse feed: 0.1-10m/min Automatic vertical adjustment, computer-controlled Weight: approx. 1350kg Electronic handwheel Demagnetization Cross-grinding attachment Coolant system Machine base made of high-quality MEEHANITE cast iron, stress-relieved multiple times, resulting in unique rigidity and smooth operation. Includes documentation, balancing device, grinding wheels and flanges, and leveling feet.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 600 mm, grinding width: 250 mm, space requirement height: 2,440 mm, space requirement length: 3,000 mm, space requirement width: 2,050 mm, The machine has undergone geometric revision and is fully functional. If required, further work can be carried out, such as a complete overhaul or repainting in your desired color. Gjdpszc E Azsfx Anzjbn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, Technical details grinding length 4200 mm grinding width 1300 mm workpiece height 550 mm Control SIEMENS 840 D magnetic clamping plate 4200 x 1300 mm segment head diameter 1400 mm Gsdpfx Aoy U Uqgonzjbn grinding motor turning speeds up to 320 U/min. grinding motor 306 kW weight of the machine ca. 50,0 t Additional information Segment dimensions: 120/106 x 41 x 250 mm Number of segments: 1 set = 26 pieces Grinding motor feed: 0.5 - 35 m/min, infinitely variable Grinding motor feed: - in steps: 0.002 - 1 mm continuous: up to 5 mm/min. infinitely variable Equipment: * CNC-control SIEMENS Sinumerik 840 D * Automatic hydr. swivelling of the grinding motor from hollow to cross grinding * NC-controlled adjustment of the Marposs measuring head by means of precision support. - new grinding dimensions can be entered into the control, whereby the the grinding head automatically adjusts to the corresponding height. * Dresser with adjustment axis in the machine bed * Coolant system * Electro-magnetic table * Switch cabinet * Oil mist extraction * Documentation Dimensions (length x width x height) Bed: 11800x2200x1400 mm, weight 27500 kg Grinding head: 3000 x 2500 x 3100 mm, estimated weight 14 t 2 x Oil mist extraction: 1200 x 800 x 2000 mm each Control panel: 1200 x 800 x 400 mm Small control cabinet: 1400 x 1400 x 800 mm 2 x gears each 1200 x 800 x 500 mm Control cabinet: 1600 x 800 x 2000 mm Control cabinet: 3400 x 600 x 2400 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1988, Horizontal surface grinding machine Okamoto Type PSG 63 – UAN Year of manufacture: 1988 Grinding length: 600 mm Grinding width: 320 mm Max. workpiece height: 500 mm Table travel (longitudinal): 750 mm Table travel (cross): 340 mm Grinding wheel diameter: 350 mm Grinding wheel width: 40 mm Spindle speed: 1500 rpm Rapid vertical feed: 400 mm/min Power: 3.7 kW Automatic feed Gbjdpfxszcv Tqo Anzon Magnetic chuck Coolant system Weight: 2500 kg Price: EUR 2,000—plus VAT, ex location

Condition: excellent (used), grinding length 600 mm grinding width 300 mm Gedpfxsyyqt Ie Anzjbn workpiece height 350 mm magnetic clamping plate, electical 500 x 200 mm grinding wheel diameter 225 x 25 x 51 mm total power requirement 4 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,1 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,5x1,5x1,8 m