Used Bandknife Horizontal Splitting Machine for sale (66,451)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Price: On request CNC machining centre SCM ACCORD 25 FX Brand SCM Type ACCORD 25 FX  Year of construction 2018 Machine no. AA10000992 Machining table dimensions 5020x1380 mm (LxW) Worktable equipped with 2 vacuum fields Worktable equipped with 2 reference lugs Including 8 reference lugs and 8 supports  Speed XY, vector 35 m/min Movement axes Maximal speed X axis 25 m/min (pro space) Maximum speed X axis 90 m/min (pro speed) Maximum speed Y axis 90 m/min Maximum speed Z-axis 30 m/min Control unit Machine control KVARA control Windows Embedded Standard 7-64bit Hard disk storage capacity 500GB-7200rpm Microprocessor Intel Pentium-2.9GHz RAM memory 8GB-DDR4 XILOG-MAESTRO software package Including vacuum pump  Motor power 5.5 kW Pump capacity 250m3/hour Vacuum pressure maximum 0.9 bar Total dimensions 9000x4500x3000 (LxWxH) Total weight 7,500 KG.  - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AA10000992 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 2 - └ Milling spindle 1: Lodpoycwupofx Akfshf - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 3 - - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 6000 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 18000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 15 - └ Milling spindle 2: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 3 - - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 600 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 24000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 12 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - System/software: SCM Maestro - Safety feature: Bumper guard - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Main motor power [kW]: 5.5 - └ Capacity [m³/h]: 250 - CNC options: Offcut conveyor - Table length [mm]: 5020 - Table width [mm]: 1380 - Working range Y [mm]: 1300 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Machine available from: 2026-03-30 - Year: 2014 - Documentation available: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Serial number: AA1/017825 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - CNC documentation available: USB stick - Table length [mm]: 5200 - Table width [mm]: 1550 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 160 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Lhsdpfsx Hwhxox Akfsf Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, total height: 2,300 mm, total length: 3,870 mm, total width: 1,900 mm, Empty weight: 2.500 kg - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes Lhodpfx Aexrdngekfsf - CE certificate present: Yes - Serial number: AH/121500 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 12 - Type milling table: Flat table - Drilling unit present: Yes - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 8 - Safety feature: Bumper guard - Tools included: Yes - Table length [mm]: 2570 - Table width [mm]: 1290 - Working range X [mm]: 2486 - Working range Y [mm]: 1255 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 150 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 3120 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1685 - Z-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 250 - Transport dimensions: 3870mm x 1900mm x 2300mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 2500kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, total height: 2,200 mm, total length: 4,550 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, Empty weight: 3.000 kg - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Serial number: AH00000267 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 Lodpfx Akjxn S H Nofjhf - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - Saw unit present: Yes - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Main motor power [kW]: 2.2 - └ Connection diameter [mm]: 33 - Working range X [mm]: 3050 - Working range Y [mm]: 1250 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 130 - Transport dimensions: 4550mm x 2200mm x 2200mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 3000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 3 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, total height: 2,450 mm, total length: 9,500 mm, total width: 2,400 mm, Empty weight: 5.000 kg Price: On request CNC SCM Morbidelli M100  Brand SCM Type Morbidelli M100  Year of construction 2019 Serial number AA100001570 Machining table dimensions 5510x1620 mm (LxW) 400 Volt / 50 Hz PRO-Speed safety system TEPCAD control panel with touchscreen colour display TBR14 linear tool changer (Y=1620 positions) FAST14 linear tool changer Air blower on electro spindle Guard rails X-Y axes Vacuum pump 150/300 m3/h  50/50 Hz 5-axis unit ‘JQX’ version, 13.5 kW Fixed pod 145x145 H=75 mm Rotating pod 145x55 H=75 mm Clamp for 8 rails TV FLEX / TV FLEXDRIVE / TV FLEXMATIC MULTIGRIP 90 round clamp (H83) for TV FLEX / TV FLEXMATIC Maestro connect: 1 year (gateway kit ‘plug&play’ included) SCM DIGITAL SOLUTIONS: MAESTRO CONNECT MAESTRO ACTIVE human-machine interface software (HMI) Maestro software for cnc programming Hardware key for Maestro cnc Advanced Maestro 3D module Additional key for Maestro cnc (USB port) Windows 10 embedded 64-bit operating system Console with integrated PC ‘eye-M PRO’ Axis movement  Maximum vectorial speed in rapid traverse XY axis 56 m/min Stroke of the Z axis 180 mm Routing unit Motor power 5.5 kW  Speed 4000 rpm Lhsdpewnibtjfx Akfsf Tool changer up to 44 locations Air consumption 4430 m3/h Air speed 25 m/sec Connection diameter 250 mm Total dimensions 9700x5020x2650 (LxWxH) - Year: 2019 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AA10001570 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - - Main motor power [kW]: 13.5 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - System/software: Maestro - Safety feature: Bumper guard, Enclosed fence - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - Tools included: Yes - CNC options: Offcut conveyor - CNC documentation available: USB stick - Working range X [mm]: 5515 - Working range Y [mm]: 1620 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 180 - Transport dimensions: 9500mm x 2400mm x 2450mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 5000kg Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Empty weight: 4.000 kg Price: On request What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Machine available from: 2026-05-25 - Year: 2006 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 600 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 20000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 11 - - C-axis present: Yes - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 6 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 12 - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 16 - System/software: Xilog plus - Safety feature: Safety mat - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Main motor power [kW]: 5.5 - └ Capacity [m³/h]: 250 - CNC options: Offcut conveyor, Manual control - Table length [mm]: 3050 Ljdox Hfikjpfx Akfshf - Table width [mm]: 1240 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 200 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 3500 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1815 - Z-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 440 - Transport weight [kg]: 4000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 10,347 h, - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Operating hours: 10347 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 10 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 24 - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 25 - System/software: Xilog plus - Safety feature: Bumper guard - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - CNC options: Barcode reader, Offcut conveyor - Working range X [mm]: 3110 - Working range Y [mm]: 1320 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 180 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Lsdextbgpspfx Akfehf Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Empty weight: 4.000 kg Price: On request Lhedex Tt Unspfx Akfef - Year: 2022 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 30B.11.040.22 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 4 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 12 - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Type: PICCHIO 2200 - └ Year of manufacture: 2022 - Tools included: Yes - CNC options: Manual control - Working range X [mm]: 3300 - Working range Y [mm]: 1280 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 250 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 4000 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1670 - Z-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 500 - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 40 - Power [kW]: 18.0 - Transport weight [kg]: 4000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 2 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 10,300 mm, total width: 2,450 mm, Empty weight: 6.600 kg Price: On request - Year: 2014 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AA2/002546 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 24 - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Type: Vtlf 250 - └ Year of manufacture: 2008 - └ Main motor power [kW]: 5.5 - └ Connection diameter [mm]: 70 - └ Oil free: Yes - Tools included: Yes - Table length [mm]: 5200 Ledpfx Akjytcl Iefjhf - Table width [mm]: 1300 - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 64 - Transport dimensions: 10300mm x 2450mm x 2800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 6600kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, The machine is in good technical condition. X-axis travel: 900 mm Y-axis travel: 500 mm Z-axis travel: 450 mm 4 axes CNC control: Fanuc FS31i Spindle speed: 20–20,000 rpm Lsdpfxeyzzbxj Akfohf Table: - External length: 1,000 mm - External width: 500 mm - Table load capacity: 1,000 kg New electric spindle installed 4 years ago. Tool magazine for 30 tools, including tool holders. The machine operated on a single-shift basis. Inspection during operation is possible by prior arrangement.

Condition: excellent (used), Splitting - Grooving Machine (used to groove and/or split in two parts one unique panel) - Minimum length of the workpiece: mm 250 (ca.) - Maximum length of the workpiece: mm 2700 (ca.) Lhjdoyx S N Uepfx Akfsf - Minimum width of the workpiece: mm 124 (ca.) - Maximum width of the workpiece: mm 1200 (ca.) - Thickness (min./max) of the workpiece: mm 10 / 60 (ca.) - Max feeding speed: m/min 50 (ca.) - Total installed power Kw 82 Along with the following groups: POS. 1 Lower scoring blade unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 5) max. blade diameter mm 250 (ca.) POS. 2 Upper scoring blade unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 5) max. blade diameter mm 250 (ca.) POS. 3 Lower scoring blade unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 5) max. blade diameter mm 250 (ca.) POS. 4 Upper scoring blade unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 5) max. blade diameter mm 250 (ca.) POS. 5 Lower main blade (sawing) unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 11) max. diameter mm 450 (ca.) POS. 6 Upper main blade (sawing) unit (Rotax electro-spindle Kw 11) max. diameter mm 450 (ca.) OPTIONAL: soundproof and safety enclosure (cabine)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 8,035 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MH0017-000100, travel distance X-axis: 1,400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,200 mm, controller manufacturer: fanuc, controller model: 31i, operating hours of spindle: 6,000 h, New Doosan horizontal machining center type NHP 8000 with Fanuc control unit type 31i Included equipment and options: Pallet centering system 800*800 Coolant supply with hand gun High-pressure coolant 70 bar, 7.5 kW with cyclonic filtration Automatic tool changer Tool load management Chip conveyor Renishaw RMP60 workpiece probe TS27R tool probe Ledpfx Akjwu Rgqefohf

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Fortuna AV 320 Working area: 320 mm Lsdpfx Asyy Rvijkfohf Equipped with automatic knife feed Two material feed speeds Machine equipped with a waste basket and a powerful waste suction system Machine in very good technical condition, fully serviced

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, machine/vehicle number: 1101420, Offer 26077 Technical data (approx.): Ljdpfx Asy Ddpdskfohf - Control system for fully automatic operation (feed, cutting speed, automatic feed, etc.) - Separate freestanding control panel - Cutting capacity at 90° round: 260 mm flat: 300 x 260 mm - Smallest material dimension round/flat: 15 / 10 x 15 mm - Smallest possible cut length: 10 mm - Remnant length automatic/manual: approx. 130 / 40 mm - Saw band dimensions: 4400 x 34 x 1.1 mm - Cutting speed steplessly adjustable: 20 – 140 m/min - Cutting pressure steplessly adjustable: 0 – 10 m/min - Hydraulic material clamping with clamping pressure regulation - Coolant system - Total drive power: 400 V / 8.0 kW - Space required (approx.): W 2700 x H 1600 x D 2450 mm - Weight (approx.): 1800 kg - Roller conveyor: 2000 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, machine/vehicle number: 609086, Offer 26074 Hydraulically-operated, double-column-guided horizontal band saw automatic machine Technical data: - Cutting capacity at 90° round: 260 mm - Cutting capacity flat: 260 x 260 mm - Maximum single stroke of material feed: 600 mm - Maximum cut length in multiple strokes: mm (not specified) - Saw band dimensions approx.: 4100 x 32 x 1.2 mm Ljdeyn Ikrspfx Akfehf - Infinitely variable cutting speed: 12 - 100 m/min - Infinitely adjustable cutting pressure: 0 - 10 m/min - Hydraulic material clamping with adjustable clamping pressure - Coolant system - Chip conveyor - Total drive power: 400 V / 8.5 kW - Required space approx.: W 2350 x H max. 2340 x D 3050 mm - Weight approx.: 1900 kg - Infeed roller conveyor: 1500 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, Offered is a horizontal flow wrap packaging machine (HFFS). Material types: heat-sealable films (BOPP, PET/PE, Alu/PE), cold-seal films, film width max.: 500mm, roll diameter max.: 350mm, core holder: 75mm, product dimensions X/Y/Z: 40mm-350mm/10mm-220mm/0mm-100mm, production output: 120-150bags/min. Viewing possible by appointment. Lsdpfxsy Ax Ule Akfohf

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, Double-spindle machining centre with swivelling carrier for mounting clamping bridges Traverse paths x-axis: 800 mm / y-axis: 900/1200 mm / z-axis: 650 mm Lhodpjyw R Ndefx Akfjf Spindle distance: 800 mm Spindle speed up to 12,500 rpm Power 10% - 40% - 100% duty cycle = 42 / 35 / 28 kW Torque 10% - 40% - 100% duty cycle = 200 / 165 / 135 Nm Tool changer: 2 x 42 tool positions Tool holder: HSK 80 Rapid traverse: 120 m/min - CNC control Siemens 840 Dsl - Central coolant system

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, Parts shown by hand not come. Ledsrpn Dvepfx Akfehf Technical details shown on picture.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, Machine is in good condition. Parts shown by hand not come. Lhsdpfx Aksx N Atfefjf

Year of construction: 1994, condition: ready for operation (used), Euromac Digibend 360 Capacity: 36 Tons Stroke: 250 mm Tooling available optionally at extra cost Lhedpfxoy Ducnj Akfjf We also supply new Euromac Digibend machines, notching machines, press brakes, press brakes with robots, and punching machines. For any questions, feel free to contact us without obligation.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 800 mm z-travel 800 mm Control Siemens 840 D Lhjdpoyb S H Rjfx Akfef total power requirement --- kW weight of the machine ca. 19,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. --- m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, x-travel 730 mm Lhedpfxoya Eqgj Akfof y-travel 650 mm z-travel 730 mm Control Professional 5 total power requirement --- kW weight of the machine ca. 9,3 t dimensions of the machine ca. --- m

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 500 mm, grinding width: 250 mm, Young, like-new demonstration machine: High-precision surface grinding machine, "Optimal" series, available at a special net price. Grinding area: 500 x 250 mm Features: ● Surface grinding machine with automatic vertical feed ● Grinding sequence: roughing – finishing – spark-out ● Siemens S700 touchscreen panel and electronic handwheel for Y-axis ● Digital display for vertical axis Y and cross axis Z ● Table cover and splash guards in stainless steel design ● Electrical cabinet fitted predominantly with Siemens components ● Includes manual dressing device, electro-magnetic chuck, and coolant filtration system Main technical data: Grinding length mm 500 Grinding width mm 250 Distance table surface to spindle center mm 450 Table drive Hydraulic Table load kg 180 Longitudinal movement X Table speed, steplessly adjustable m/min 7 – 23 Max. longitudinal travel mm 560 Cross movement Z Max. travel speed mm/min 990 Max. cross travel mm 275 Vertical movement Y Max. travel speed mm/min 460 Grinding spindle / Grinding wheel Spindle power kW 2.2 Wheel dimensions mm 200x20x31.75 Spindle speed (speed control optional) min⁻¹ 2850 Dimensions Machine weight (net) kg 1800 Machine dimensions (inc. reciprocation) Width mm 2300 Depth mm 1650 Height mm 1680 Power connection kW 3.7 Lsdsyak Dljpfx Akfehf All model series include standard accessories: ● 1 standard grinding wheel ● 1 wheel flange ● 1 dressing block with diamond ● 1 balancing arbor ● 1 balancing stand ● 1 machine lamp ● 1 set of machine tools ● 1 set of documentation with spare part list ● Machine in CE-conform (metric version) Precision and surface quality at optimal price. Fully equipped for universal use in a wide range of industrial and application areas. Machine comes with a 12-month parts warranty. By the way, aside from affordable new and certified used machines, we offer even more: • On-site consultation and solution finding • Organization of machine transport to your facility • Installation, commissioning, and turnkey handover • Spare parts supply • Control training for Siemens, Heidenhain, and Fanuc • Trained service staff available in your area and more • 24/7 telephone support • Tax-optimized trade-in of your old machine • Attractive financing options, even without down payment

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, used, in good condition Cleaned Function-tested Test run Manufacturer: Kölle Model: L2 Year of manufacture: 1984 Machine no.: 1788 Motor: 1.5 kW 2-lever operation Chuck runout max. 8/100 mm Table size: 520 x 290 mm Drill chuck: 20 mm Dowel drilling unit with 4 stops: 16, 22, 25, 32 mm Workpiece stop Digital height adjustment display Required space approx. 1000 x 1200 x 1300 mm Weight approx. 200 kg Storage location: 97447 Gerolzhofen, free loaded, unpacked Delivery in as-is condition as inspected, function-tested without refurbishment, without warranty or guarantee Lhedpfx Ajy Apfnekfsf

Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 25,000 h, condition: ready for operation (used), General Data Machine weight 3900 kg Control Unit Brand FANUC Model 0i-TD Ljdpsx D I T Rofx Akfjhf Main Drive Number of axis 4 This 4-axis DOOSAN LYNX220LSYA horizontal turning machine was manufactured in 2014. It offers robust performance for precision turning operations. If you are looking to get high quality turning capabilities consider the DOOSAN LYNX220LSYA machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Application Types Turning