Used Nachi Mz10Lf 2024 Model for sale (17,682)

Condition: used, mileage: 6,78,444 km, power: 368 kW (500.34 HP), first registration: 07/2018, fuel type: diesel, number of seats: 74, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, color: other, brakes: retarder, Year of construction: 2018, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, cruise control, navigation system, onboard kitchen, trailer coupling, = Other Options and Accessories = - DVD - Air conditioning - Front refrigerator - Sleeper cab - Toilet - USB connections - Webasto heater = Further Information = Height: 400 cm Damages: none Kjdpfjw Dn Iksx Aafolw = Company Information = We are an international company based in Belgium, located near Brussels (approximately 20 km). Belgian Bus Sales is your ideal partner for the purchase and sale of used buses, offering a large parking area that serves as a showroom. We always have a wide selection of buses of all makes, capacities, models, and in every price range in stock. We can help you find the right tourist, school, or city bus tailored to your needs or budget. All information is provided without guarantee. Subject to errors, prior sale, and typographical mistakes. Bus inspection visiting hours: Mon-Fri: 08:30 - 12:00, 12:30 - 17:00. Mowimy po Polsku (Agata). We speak your language: Nederlands, Français, English, Español, Português, Italiano, Русский, Polski and more.

Condition: used, mileage: 9,37,443 km, power: 331 kW (450.03 HP), first registration: 11/2019, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 385/65/r22,5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,750 mm, fuel: diesel, brakes: intarder, color: white, driver cabin: sleeper cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, suspension: air, Year of construction: 2019, Equipment: air conditioning, electric window regulation, fridge, navigation system, spoiler, Suspension: air suspension Front tyre size: 385/65/r22,5 Rear axle: Tyre size: 315/80/r22,5; Double wheels Drive: Wheel Number of cylinders: 6 Empty weight: 8.579 kg Carrying capacity: 10.421 kg GVW: 19.000 kg Make of engine: Scania Kedpfoyq Sknox Aafslw = Additional options and accessories = - Roof spoiler

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Depositor for hot products, will connect to a cooking vessel and pump it into bags with set a weight which is adjustable Air operated clipper to seal the bag Finished clipped bags can go into a tumble chiller to cool down. The machine is in good working order and ready for delivery Single phase electric 240 volts 50 Hz Ksdpfx Ajxgutpoafelw It needs an air supply

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, WORKING CAPACITY SWING OVER BED: 1,000 mm MAX TURNING DIAMETER: 850 mm MAX TURNING LENGTH: 850 mm SPINDLE CENTER HEIGHT: 1,200 mm MAIN SPINDLE SPINDLE NOSE: ASA A2-11 BAR CAPACITY: 110 mm SPINDLE SPEED RANGES: 2 Ksdpsqgf Ayefx Aafolw SPINDLE SPEED: 5-1,800 RPM AXIS FEEDS X-AXIS TRAVEL: 470 mm Z-AXIS TRAVEL: 850 mm RAPID TRAVERSE: 20 m/min FANUC SERIES 21i-TB

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 231 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, fuel type: electric, fork length: 1,150 mm, drive type: Elektro, Low-lift pallet truck Load center: 600 Condition: Refurbished, no warranty Technical condition: very good Front tire type: Vulkollan Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Vulkollan Rear tire condition: 80 - 100% Battery voltage: 24V Kedpfezkclhex Aafelw Battery capacity: 250Ah Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2024 Description: Overhauled, serviced, and inspected according to FEM 4.004 (UVV). Completely repaired, serviced and checked.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 1,704 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, fuel type: electric, fork length: 1,150 mm, drive type: Elektro, Low-lift pallet truck Load center: 600 Fork width: 560 mm Condition: Refurbished, no warranty Technical condition: very good Front tire type: Vulkollan Front tire condition: 80 - 100% Rear tire type: Vulkollan Rear tire condition: 80 - 100% Battery voltage: 24V Battery capacity: 250Ah Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2024 Kodpfx Aozkclbsafelw Description: Overhauled, serviced and inspected according to FEM 4.004 (UVV). Completely repaired, serviced and checked.

Condition: used, Used Brogli model MH-5 stainless steel vacuum process vessel. - Manufacturer: Brogli - Model: MH-5 Vessel: - Total capacity of vessel: 6,8 litre - Working capacity of vessel: 5 litre - Vessel rated: -1/0,5 bar - Jacket rated: 1 bar Mixing system "Multi-homo": - (1) anchor agitator with scrappers - (1) ribbon agitator - (1) homogenizer system Includes: - control panel - heating unit - lowering/raising the vessel using a hand-operated wheel Kjdpfxjzbuibs Aafslw Specifications: Vacuum (Y/N): Y Capacity: 5 Material Of Construction: AISI 304 Jacket (Y/N): Y

Condition: used, Used GEA Westfalia model SC 6-01-576 stainless steel disc bowl separator. Kodpfxszbucus Aafjlw - Manufacturer: GEA Westfalia - Model: SC 6-01-576 - Permissible density of product to be treated: heavy liquid phase 1.1 kg/dm3 and solid phase 1.4 kg/dm3 - Maximum speed rated: 11.970 rpm. - Drive: flanged electricmotor with coupling 5.5 kW, 1740 rpm, 50 Hz, Ex II 2 G rating - Included: switchboard with control panel - Mounted on a skid

Condition: excellent (used), Here we offer a Polychromix Phazir NIR spectrometer. Portable near-infrared analyzer, Model: 1624. Specifications: Spectral range: 1600-2400 nm. Pixel pitch: 8 nm. Optical resolution: 11 nm. Stray light. Ksdpfxszd Uhuj Aafslw

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2010, tank capacity: 60 l, Joni cooking vessel Capacity 50 / 60 litres Klodpfjxvy Udex Aafow Heated by own steam generator Discharge by tap and / or tipping

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 252 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: FTR-12-1315, working width: 1,200 mm, type of input current: three-phase, total length: 2,150 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, total height: 2,500 mm, overall weight: 3,490 kg, input voltage: 400 V, workpiece height (max.): 150 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,200 mm, space requirement width: 2,200 mm, space requirement height: 2,500 mm, space requirement length: 2,150 mm, Q-Fin F1200 Deburring and Edge Rounding Machine | Year of Construction 2024 | Only 252 Operating Hours For sale is a Q-Fin F1200 deburring and edge rounding machine in near-new condition. The machine was installed and put into operation by Q-Fin in December 2024 and currently has only 252 operating hours. The system is ideal for deburring, edge rounding, and surface finishing of steel, stainless steel, and aluminum parts. The combination of a belt grinding station, four disc brush stations, and a magnetic conveying system ensures uniform and reproducible processing quality. Equipment: • Magnetic system for safe workpiece transport • 1 belt grinding station • 4 disc brush stations • HMI touchscreen control • Quick Lock Disc System • Automatic belt height adjustment at the 1st grinding station (AGS1) Klodpfx Asza U Rcsafow • SmartLink (IXON) for remote access, diagnostics and evaluation • IXON module already integrated Current configuration: • Grinding belt Cubitron II K120 • 4 x Brush Type QL Dark Brown K80 Additional accessories: • 1 x Grinding belt K80 Technical data: • Manufacturer: Q-Fin • Model: F1200 • Working width: 1,200 mm • Min. workpiece size: 80 x 80 mm • Max. workpiece width: 1,200 mm • Max. workpiece height: 150 mm • Net weight: 3,490 kg • Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,150 x 2,200 x 2,500 mm Location: Bünde, Germany Special features: • First installation by the manufacturer in December 2024 • Only 252 operating hours • Ready for immediate use • Very well-maintained condition • Inspection and demonstration possible by appointment We will gladly send further technical information, photos and videos upon request.

Condition: new, Brand new PERRYmix model HVP 2000 stainless steel conical mixer for gentle powder mixing: - Maximum working volume of 2000 litres. - 1 pc half-circle top cover bolted to the vessel with round feeding inlet equipped with safety mesh and the lid. Klodpfx Aaszbub Rjfew - 1 pc half-circle top cover bolted to the vessel - Screw agitator supported by bottom pintle bearing (hardened metal), adjusted for quick removal of the screw. - Inner surface polished Ra ≥ 3.2 / outer surface bead blasted. - Manually operated rotary slide outlet valve with conical discharge. - Mounted on 3 lugs. - Standard non-ATEX atmospheres Drive: - Screw agitator driven by 5.5 kW electric motor via NORD gearbox. - Swing arm driven by 1.5 kW electric motor via NORD gearbox. Material design: - Product contact parts manufactured of AISI 304 / DIN 1.4301 stainless steel (beam, conical vessel, mixing screw, vessel lid, product outlet and hopper). - Cast carbon steel arm - painted with FDA paint. Options: - Cast stainless steel arm. - Product contact parts made of AISI 316 stainless steel - Custom designed top lid (hinged covers, various filling connections etc.). - Drives and gearboxes for potentially explosive atmospheres. - Pneumatically controlled discharge valve. - Stainless steel legs. (Disclaimer: Attached photos shows improved design of HVP 1000 with stainless steel arm and tilting half-circle top cover)

Condition: new, Brand new PERRYmix model HVP 600 stainless steel conical mixer for gentle powder mixing: - Maximum working volume of 600 litres. - 1 pc half-circle top cover bolted to the vessel with round feeding inlet equipped with safety mesh and the lid. - 1 pc half-circle top cover bolted to the vessel - Screw agitator supported by bottom pintle bearing (hardened metal), adjusted for quick removal of the screw. - Inner surface polished Ra ≥ 3.2 / outer surface bead blasted. - Manually operated rotary slide outlet valve with conical discharge. - Mounted on 3 lugs. - Standard non-ATEX atmospheres Drive: - Screw agitator driven by 2.2 kW electric motor via NORD gearbox. - Swing arm driven by 0.37 kW electric motor via NORD gearbox. Material design: - Product contact parts manufactured of AISI 304 / DIN 1.4301 stainless steel (beam, conical vessel, mixing screw, vessel lid, product outlet and hopper). - Cast carbon steel arm - painted with FDA paint. Options: - Cast stainless steel arm. - Product contact parts made of AISI 316 stainless steel - Custom designed top lid (hinged covers, various filling connections etc.). - Drives and gearboxes for potentially explosive atmospheres. - Pneumatically controlled discharge valve. - Stainless steel legs. Kodpfxezbubwj Aafslw (Disclaimer: Attached photos shows improved design of HVP 300 with stainless steel arm and tilting half-circle top cover)

Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 97 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, power: 0.75 kW (1.02 HP), overall weight: 1,240 kg, total length: 1,560 mm, total width: 2,540 mm, total height: 2,490 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: The ASCO VS Medi vibration screen delivers high-performance material screening for recycling, construction, agriculture, and soil preparation. Designed for fast, precise separation, it boosts productivity, reduces wear, and ensures consistent results across coarse and fine materials. Its versatile design adapts to different surfaces and material types, making it ideal for industrial and civil engineering applications. Key Features: • Three-fraction screening for accurate separation in a single pass • Optional bar sizers for efficient coarse material pre-separation • Adjustable screen inclination and height for optimal performance • Robust, low-maintenance construction for long service life Ksdpfxjw Ryvlo Aafslw • Stable operation on uneven surfaces Tech Highlights: W 2.54 m · L 1.56 m · H 2.49 m · Loading height 2.13 m · Qmax 60 t/h · Power 2×0.75 kW · Screen area 5.4 m² · Weight 1240 kg

Year of construction: 2024, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), overall weight: 1,500 kg, total length: 3,340 mm, total width: 2,360 mm, total height: 2,925 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: The ASCO SD Compact is built for recycling, construction, soil processing, biomass handling, and material preparation, delivering efficient screening of soil, gravel, wood chips, waste, and chip bundles. Its modular design, high flexibility, and multi-fraction capability provide maximum productivity, low operating costs, and fast adaptation to any site. Key Features: • Modular drum system for up to four fractions in one segment • Adjustable drum rotation speed and screen inclination • Optional bunker expansion +50% input capacity • Quick-change drum & bunker system • Vibration support, cleaning brush & two-wheel drive Kljdpfx Aaow Skkcofew Tech Highlights: L 3.34 m · W 2.36 m · H 1.95/2.92 m (with support) · Mesh Ø6–Ø100 mm · Drum Ø 1.3 m · Drum L 2.1 m (usable 1.7 m) · Screening area 7 m² · Qmax 20–50 t/h · Hopper opening 2.24 × 0.85 m · Filling height 2.55 m · System capacity 5–20 rpm · Power 5.5 kW (opt. 7.5 kW) / 400 V · Weight 1500 kg

Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 4 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, power: 0.55 kW (0.75 HP), overall weight: 990 kg, total length: 1,560 mm, total width: 2,540 mm, total height: 2,380 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: The ASCO VS MEDI ONE DECK is a high-performance vibration screen ideal for recycling, construction, agriculture, and landscaping. Designed for heavy and coarse materials like soil, gravel, wood chips, and construction waste, it delivers efficient pre-separation, precise screening, and reliable operation across diverse worksites. Key Features: • Two powerful vibration motors for high-efficiency material separation • Optional bar sizers for effective pre-screening and reduced wear • Adjustable screen inclination for material-specific optimization • Height-adjustable feet for stable operation on uneven surfaces • Durable design for long-lasting, continuous use Tech Highlights: Kledpfx Asw Ry D Aoafow L 1.56 m · H 2.38 m · W 2.54 m · System performance 15–50 t/h · Maximum bucket width 2.3 m · Screen area 2.7 m² · Drive power 400 V / 2 × 0.55 kW · Weight 990 kg · Loading height 1.96 m

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 600 kg, total length: 2,425 mm, total width: 1,710 mm, total height: 2,000 mm, power: 2.2 kW (2.99 HP), input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: The ASCO SD MINI Screen Drum is built for efficient material screening in recycling, construction, agriculture, and gardening. Its compact, foldable, and semi-mobile design ensures quick setup, transport, and high performance - even with moist or sticky materials. Perfect for small to mid-scale operations needing flexible and reliable screening. Key Features: • Stepless, reversible drum rotation with quick drum change • Adjustable screen angle and variable height for easy setup and transport • Three drum variants with specific perforation options Kedpfx Aaew R Txmjfelw • Integrated cleaning brush and vibration motor for smooth operation • Robust, user-friendly design with single-wheel drive and hour counter Tech Highlights: Drum length 1.49 m · Usable drum length 1.25 m · Outer diameter Ø 0.8 m · Usable screening surface 3.15 m² · System capacity 5 - 40 t/h · Mesh size Ø 4 - Ø 100 mm · Hopper opening 1600 × 760 mm · Shovel width 1.5 m · Speed 5 - 20 rpm · Drive power 400 V / 2.2 kW · Filling height 1.5 - 1.86 m · Weight 600 kg

Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 49 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), overall weight: 1,500 kg, total length: 3,340 mm, total width: 2,360 mm, total height: 2,925 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: Ksdpfew Rygksx Aafolw The ASCO SD COMPACT Screen Drum is a robust, semi-mobile solution for recycling, construction, and material processing. Designed for coarse materials such as soil, gravel, wood chips, and waste, it offers precision screening, high throughput, and easy mobility. Its modular design and adjustable settings make it ideal for operators who need flexibility and long-term reliability in demanding environments. Key Features: • Modular construction with variable drum control and adjustable rotation speed • Interchangeable screening technology with vibration support and cleaning brush • Up to four-fraction separation in one drum segment • Adjustable screen inclination and optional bunker expansion (+50% capacity) • Free-ride mode, quick-change bunker, and drum extension for maximum versatility Tech Highlights: L 3.34 m · W 2.36 m · H 1.95 / 2.92 m (with support) · Drum L 2.1 m (usable 1.7 m) · Outer Ø 1.3 m · Usable screening surface 7 m² · System capacity 20 – 50 t/h · Mesh Ø 6 – Ø 100 mm · Hopper opening 2.24 × 0.85 m · Speed 5 – 20 rpm · Drive power 400 V / 5.5 kW (optional 7.5 kW) · Filling height 2.55 m · Weight 1500 kg

Year of construction: 2024, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, power: 2.2 kW (2.99 HP), overall weight: 600 kg, total length: 2,425 mm, total width: 1,710 mm, total height: 2,000 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: The ASCO SD MINI Screen Drum is ideal for recycling, construction, agriculture, and gardening—delivering reliable screening even for moist or sticky materials. Its compact, semi-mobile design ensures flexibility, easy transport, and user-friendly operation with consistent, high-quality output. Klsdpfx Aajw R Taqofsw Key Features: • Stepless, reversible drum rotation with quick change options • Multiple drum configurations & perforation sizes (Ø4–Ø100 mm) • Robust design with vibration motor for smooth material flow • Integrated cleaning brush & easy maintenance • Adjustable screen angle and working height for versatile use Tech Highlights: Drum L 1.49 m (usable 1.25 m) · Q max 40 t/h · n 5–20 rpm · P 2.2 kW · Weight 600 kg · Mesh Ø4 - Ø100 mm · Outer drum Ø 800 mm · Hopper opening 1600 x 760 mm

Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 1 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, power: 0.75 kW (1.02 HP), overall weight: 1,240 kg, total length: 1,560 mm, total width: 2,540 mm, total height: 2,490 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, type plate available, Applications & Customer Benefits: Kedpfow Ry Hdex Aafjlw The ASCO VS MEDI Vibration Screen is ideal for recycling, construction, agriculture, and gardening, offering powerful and precise material screening for fast and efficient processing. This demo machine in blue ensures cost-effective operation while delivering reliable, high-performance separation of coarse materials into three clean fractions - perfect for soil, gravel, and recycling applications. Key Features: • Three-fraction system for precise material separation • Integrated bar sizers for effective coarse pre-screening • Separator plate for clean material flow and high purity • Adjustable screen inclination and height-adjustable feet for stability • Robust, low-maintenance design built for demanding operations Tech Highlights: L 1.56 m · W 2.54 m · H 2.49 m · Qmax 60 t/h · Power 2 × 0.75 kW · Screen area 5.4 m² · Max bucket width 2.3 m · Weight 1,240 kg · Loading height 2.13 m

Condition: used, This listing is for a Fisher Scientific Model 45 Colorimeter. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Fisher Scientific Model 45 Colorimeter is a digital instrument that provides precise color measurements in a variety of laboratory applications. Here’s a detailed overview of its features and specifications: Key Features: Digital Colorimeter: The Model 45 is engineered to deliver accurate and consistent color measurements, suitable for various laboratory analyses. 240V Transformer: The instrument is equipped with a built-in transformer that operates on 240V, ensuring compatibility with power supplies in many regions. Wide Filter Range: The colorimeter features filters that cover the wavelength spectrum from 400 to 700 nm. This range is essential for analyzing visible light and enables the instrument to accurately assess color in different sample types. Versatile Measurement Capabilities: It is designed to measure the color of: Kjdpfx Aexxz Nzjafolw Transparent Liquids: Suitable for solutions and liquid samples. Opaque Solids: Can analyze solid materials where color determination is needed. Powders and Pastes: Capable of measuring the color of powders and viscous materials, making it adaptable for a wide variety of applications. Used Condition: This model is available for purchase in used condition, which may present an opportunity for budget-conscious labs looking for reliable color measurement tools. Applications: The Fisher Scientific Model 45 Colorimeter is particularly useful in various fields, including: Quality Control: Used in production settings to ensure color consistency and quality in products such as food, pharmaceuticals, and paints. Laboratory Research: Employed in research laboratories for quantitative analysis of color in different samples, contributing to studies in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Formulation Development: Assists in the formulation of products where color accuracy is crucial, such as cosmetic and personal care products.

Condition: used, Używany mieszalnik planetarny produkcji Grieser (DE) model VPL 350. Mieszalnik posiada dwa mieszadła spiralne i jedno obcierające ściany boczne. Mieszadła są napędzane silnikiem el. 15 kW, 1460 obr/min, 400 V, 50 Hz, przez przełożenia pasowe i przekładnię planetarną. Unoszenie i opuszczanie mieszadeł hydrauliczne. Mieszalnik jest wyposażony w 9 przejezdnych kadzi ze stali ko. Każda kadź ma wewnętrzne wymiary 695 mm x 500 mm głębokości, całkowita pojemność 365 l, robocza ok 350 l. Dwie z kadzi mają w dennicy otwory spustowe wyposażone w zawory otwierane ręcznie. W zestawie znajduje się również mechaniczna wywrotnica do unoszenia i rozładunku kadzi przez przechył. Mieszalnik posiada lokalny panel sterowania i szafkę elektryczną. Dokumentacja techniczna - ogólny podręcznik użytkownika i schematy el, w formie cyfrowej. Maszyna obecnie zdemontowana. Ostatnio pracowała w przemyśle spożywczym. Kledpfxoyma E Ee Aafow Specifications: Power: 15 kW

Condition: new, Here we offer a ULVAC dry vacuum pump. ULVAC dry vacuum pump Kljdpfx Aajzdqtgefow Solution for demanding process applications Dry vacuum pump ULVAC's unique approach to utilizing the latent heat within the pump body enables the LR/HR/UR series to deliver performance even in the most demanding processes. ULVAC has focused its design efforts on maintaining an extremely uniform, high temperature across all pump stages, optimizing this pump family for CVD and etching applications. Compatible with the ULVAC ECO-SHOCK system for additional energy savings. Features: The LR series pump is designed for load lock chambers and PVD processes. ULVAC's unique aluminum design enables very uniform temperature distribution throughout the pump body: The ULVAC LR series pump is designed for applications that require a heated pump, heated gas lines, and/or heated exhaust lines. Excellent helium pumping capacity Sealed motor for safety and ease of maintenance Withstands power interruptions of up to 500 ms. Internal components are specially treated to ensure a high degree of surface hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. This prevents the wear of internal pump parts when exposed to corrosive gases. (LR series) Designed for process gases that generate powdery byproducts, such as Si crystal growth furnaces. Pre-pump for turbo-molecular and mechanical booster pumps Type: LR600 Condition: new Scope of supply: (See image) (Subject to changes and errors in technical data and specifications!) We would be happy to answer any further questions you may have by telephone.

Condition: good (used), Adept control unit, Model 310, with operating panel. Ksdpfjzdimaex Aafelw The control unit is supplied together with the operating panel, cables, and software package.

Condition: used, Cutting height ~ 40 mm Length of the rolling table ~ 650 mm Kljdpfxjzcq Dds Aafow cutting width ~ 170 mm Flotjet 2000 Table Format Circular Saw, Model 480003, for precise rip, cross, and angle cuts in small solid wood, panel materials, and plastic. The robust construction, the swiveling table, and the integrated sliding table enable flexible and precise workpiece guidance and high cutting accuracy. Suitable for furniture making, interior finishing, and small-scale manufacturing operations.