Used Novotron Ttr 70-150 for sale (21,344)

Condition: new, empty load weight: 668 kg, maximum load weight: 2,032 kg, overall weight: 2,700 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 3,000 mm, loading space width: 1,500 mm, loading space height: 1,800 mm, loading space volume: 8.1 m³, color: grey, construction height: 2,380 mm, working width: 1,980 mm, Hydraulics, automatic reverse drive, hot-dip galvanizing, * IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE * Technical data: - Type: New vehicle with 2 years TÜV from first registration - Availability: IMMEDIATELY! - TÜV: 2 years - Floor: Multiplex screen printing with anti-slip surface - Gross vehicle weight: 2,700 kg - Unladen weight: 668 kg - Payload: 2.032 kg - Interior dimensions: 300 x 150 x 180 cm (L x W x H) - Overall exterior dimensions: 435 x 198 x 238 cm (L x W x H) - Loading sill height: 52 cm - Tires: 185R14C - Brakes: yes - Support wheel: yes, automatic - Incl. vehicle documents (letter) - 100 km/h: at extra charge Standard equipment: - Wooden floor and side walls made of multiplex - Very stable welded steel frame - Frame completely hot-dip galvanized - Many stable cross beams therefore high point load - Continuous side members - Frame very torsion-resistant due to its stable construction - 6 lashing brackets recessed inside the side edge - TÜV certified to 1000daN / kg - Interior light - 2 -wing. Rear door lockable with VA espagnolette lock - 2 maneuvering handles at the front - maintenance-free rubber spring axles from BPW - automatic reverse drive - BPW overrun device and parking brake - very sturdy bolted V-drawbar - 13-pin plug - large safety lighting with reversing light - integrated rear fog light - lighting recessed in the rear frame - automatic support wheel Special equipment included in the price: - ABS 15 mm walls. (extremely smooth coating) - The extremely smooth coating of these panels greatly simplifies any labeling of the trailer Accessories optionally available, as partially shown in the pictures: - Rear supports mounted, the pair - 100km/ approval with wheel shock absorbers - Lashing rails, anchor rails, additional load securing, locking beams, tension belts, etc. New vehicle with warranty and TÜV. We are happy to offer you suitable financing !, Descriptions and pictures are protected by copyright !!! Over 800 trailers immediately available for you! We have been Brian James / Humbaur / Hapert / Unsinn / Cheval Liberte / Koch / Debon / Stedele / TPV / Tohaco / Vezeko / Variant / Vlemmix - Specialist dealer & repair workshop for over 30 years - Delivery throughout Germany possible with surcharge! Anhänger Zentrum BAUMANN GmbH Dinxperloer Str. 389 46399 Bocholt - Errors, omissions and prior sale reserved - Fpedju Hti Ropfx Anzsh

Condition: new, machine/vehicle number: 01-08070, Filter belt, plastic endless belt oil filter system Hoffmann Completely new, packed and ready for immediate delivery. Item number: 74-41515070 Make number: 01-08070 Fpodsqmnp Depfx Anzoh Dimensions: 5150 x 995 mm 70µ

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, total height: 18,000 mm, outer diameter: 3,000 mm, water tank capacity: 70,000 l, Tank made of stainless steel with a capacity of 70,000 litres. Insulated body with load cells. Volume Total capacity 70,000 L Material Stainless steel Equipment configuration Insulated Load cells Transport information Length 18,000 mm Width 3,500 mm Fsdsxlir Dspfx Anzsph

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 6,503 h, load capacity: 6,000 kg, lifting height: 3,400 mm, fuel type: diesel, construction height: 2,880 mm, empty load weight: 11,250 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Load capacity: 6,000 kg Lifting height: 3,400 mm Overall height: 2,880 mm MACHINE DETAILS Fuel type: Diesel Fjdpfx Anjza Dn Rjzoph Front tire size: 355/65-15 Rear tire size: 250-15 Dimensions & Weight Overall length: 3,450 mm Unladen weight: 11,250 kg Operating hours: 6,503 h EQUIPMENT Cabin 3rd valve Front work lights Rear work lights Heater Full cabin CE certificate

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: JUN7856, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 22,198 h, load capacity: 7,000 kg, lifting height: 4,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, empty load weight: 10,850 kg, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Fedpfsza Ub Ujx Anzjph Load capacity: 7,000 kg Lifting height: 4,000 mm Platform: 1,400 mm MACHINE DETAILS Mast type: Simplex Drive type: Diesel Own weight: 10,850 kg ISO class: ISO Class 4 = 5,000 - 10,000 kg EQUIPMENT Heater Full cabin External reference: SL8371SP

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 760 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 430 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 460 mm, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, controller model: Siemens Sinumerik 828D CNC, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 760 mm Travel range Y-axis: 430 mm Travel range Z-axis: 460 mm Spindle taper: SK40 Spindle speed: 10,000 rpm Fjdpfozap Dwox Anzsph Feed rate: 10,000 mm/min Table size X: 900 mm Table size Y: 410 mm Max. workpiece weight: 350 kg Number of axes: 3 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 828D CNC Tool changer: 24-position Drive power: 12 kW Tool cooling through the spindle: 30 bar EQUIPMENT Renishaw measuring probe

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, Standard 70 kg payload multipurpose robot Fedpfozbgmlex Anzjph This innovative series of lightweight robots features a slim wrist, rigid arm and small footprint. Offering best payload and inertia in its category, this powerful 6-axis model is suitable for various applications and combines a 70 kg payload with extremely high axis speeds.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, Ledinek High speed double side calibrate planer 150 m/min Rotoles 300 2V-KS 150 214 KW Fpsdpfx Ajzc H T Ujnzeh

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, Arburg 270C 400-70 Year of manufacture: 2007 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 22 mm Shot weight: 31 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosage volume: 34 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 40 t Tie bar spacing: 270x270 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Euromap 67 Robot interface 2x air valves 1x hydraulic core pull Hot runner control Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Proportional valve on the injection unit – precise injection Fpodpfozc Nhhox Anzeh Screw diameter change possible Dimensions: Weight: 2370 kg Length/Width/Height: 2.99x1.43x1.98 m All offered machines are started and tested by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Arburg 270C 400-70 e² with Arburg Multilift Robot / Hybrid Machine Year of manufacture: 2016 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 22 mm Shot weight: 31 g Fpsdpfx Anjzc Ng Rozsh Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosage volume: 34 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 40 t Tie bar spacing: 270x270 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional Equipment: Hybrid machine: energy efficient and extremely quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Main machine motor - servo motor with inverter drive - energy saving Proportional valve on injection unit – precise injection Self-sealing nozzle Arburg Multilift Select 6 kg traverse robot Year of manufacture: 05.2016 5-axis robot: 3 axes driven by servo motors (electric); axes B and C Travel paths in axes: X-600, Y-800, Z-1000 Robot with adapter, conveyor belt, and safety enclosure Purchase of robot and conveyor belt available at extra cost Dimensions: Weight: 2210 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.18x1.43x1.98 m All machines offered are started up by our service engineers before sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Year of construction: 1998, condition: excellent (used), Technical detils : - Capacity - 500 nails/ min. - Power - 7 kw - Wire range - 1,0 - 4,2 mm - Nails lenght - 30 - 150 mm - Year - 1998 Fsdpfx Anjh Hp H Sozsph

Condition: new, sheet thickness: 1.8upper roll diameter: 70messurements (LxWxH): 1650 x 700 x 1160prebending: 1.5motor: 1,1sheet length: 1050 Technical specifications: - Cast iron body - By manuel or motorised (optional) bending - Opening top roll to side after bending for taking out the material easily - Cone bending device - Movement of the back and bottom rolls up and down manually with hand wheel - Portable control panel in order to control material from required  locations with foot pedal  - In acccordance with CE norms. Options: Fpedpfxjd Ab T Rj Anzsh - Back roll with motor  - Digital readout for displaying position of the backroll - Body cover EURO 274,-- - Hardened rolls EURO 392,-- - Variable speed of Rotation We have many references!

Condition: used, pressure: 70throat depth: 750messurements (LxWxH): ca. 900 x 2300 x 1900 Hole punch GEKA Puma 70/E-750 The positioning table is unfortunately defective; otherwise, the machine is in good used condition. Specifications: Fjdpfx Anjwrkcyjzsph Punching force            70 t Punching capacity      27 in 20 mm Punches max. Drm.    70 in 8.0 mm or Drm.                        100 in 5.0 mm or Rectangular             50 in 8.0 mm or Rectangular             60 in 7.0 mm or Rectangular             70 in 6.0 mm Projection                     750 with -Foot switch

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, CATALOG NUMBER 7880 Technical data: - max cutting height: 150mm - max element width: 500mm - working width of shaft with saws: 400mm - shaft diameter: 70mm - max saw blade diameter: 450mm - from above: - anti-kickback devices - 2 toothed feed rollers – pneumatically pressed - from below: - slip roller - anti-kickback devices Fodpfx Anezcck Aezsph - 2 toothed feed rollers - saw shaft - 2 toothed feed rollers - stepless feed speed adjustment via inverter - feed motor: 3kW - main motor: 55kW - overall dimensions L/W/H: 2120x1600x1630mm - weight approx. 2750kg ADVANTAGES – Polish-made – robust construction – Used machine, in very good condition Net price: 55,900 PLN Net price: 13,310 EUR at 4.20 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with greater exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Mitsubishi Wire EDM Machine, Spark Erosion Machine, Mitsubishi DWC 150 SZ, Used Machine Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Type: DWC 150 SZ Year of Manufacture: 1994 Overall Dimensions (Main Unit): Width: 1860 mm Depth: 2050 mm Height: 2400 mm Electrical Data: 400V; 21.5A Weight: 3500 kg Water Tank Size: 750 x 780 mm Electrical Cabinet Dimensions: Fpodpfx Aoyxfqrjnzsh Width: 1150 mm Depth: 2700 mm Height: 1050 mm Wire Feeder Unit Dimensions: Width: 320 mm Depth: 580 mm Height: 1380 mm Transformer Dimensions: Width: 510 mm Depth: 590 mm Height: 640 mm Water Treatment System Dimensions: Width: 1320 mm Depth: 1460 mm Height: 1360 mm Condition: Untested, sold in "as-is" condition. The machine is available for sale with the accessories and in the aesthetic condition shown in the photos.

Condition: new, Sicmi PSV 70 M - Hydraulic workshop press with a servomechanical handwheel for cylinder adjustment The PSV model is particularly suitable for sheet metal straightening, inserting bushings, or sheet metal inserts. Fjdpfxezcphbo Anzeph The lowering and raising of the cylinder is controlled by a handwheel with a servomechanism, which allows for adjustment of the cylinder position to within hundredths of a millimeter, thus ensuring absolute precision. The cylinder stroke is 350 mm and exerts a maximum pressure of 270 bar. Since the approach speed of the cylinder is 10 mm/s or less, the operator can operate the electro-hydraulic press with only one hand. The platform is mobile, and its vertical movement is achieved using the main cylinder, which simplifies sheet metal processing and pressing operations. The hydraulic workshop press with a servomechanical handwheel is also available in a version with a transverse cylinder, which allows for transverse movement of the main cylinder using a handwheel. This solution therefore allows you to always work in the center of the cylinder axis, avoiding processes that could damage the hydraulic press. Correct positioning and locking of the cylinder in the desired position is ensured by a specially designed system. The frame of the PSV hydraulic workshop press is made of an extremely rigid, electro-welded steel construction, which has been specially developed to ensure maximum robustness and stability. Optional equipment: System for preventing cylinder rod torsion Support plates Pair of V-shaped prisms

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), High definition HD generator for plasma cutting. New never used from stock. Ready for delivery except sold. Bargain. Fedpfx Aneg Tcufszjph

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, AXA ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC PRESS WITH TRAVERSING CYLINDER Capacity: 150 tons. Automatic dual-speed operation with fast mode. Special electrical panel with quick/slow changeover switch for one-handed operation. Traversing cylinder stroke: 816 mm. Internal clearance (side to side): 1,500 mm. Ram stroke: 300 mm. No. 01 AXA PM150/15 ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC PRESS WITH MOVABLE PISTON – NEW ITEM, CE MARKED. — AUTOMATIC DUAL-SPEED OPERATION WITH FAST MODE. — COMPLETE WITH SPECIAL ELECTRICAL PANEL WITH QUICK/SLOW SWITCH FOR ONE-HANDED OPERATION. — TECHNICAL DATA SHEET ATTACHED. - Rated force: 150 tons - Cylinder stroke: 300 mm - Internal clearance: 1,504 mm - Approach speed (fast): 1,450 mm/min - Working speed (slow): 105 mm/min - Ram stroke: 300 mm - Ram diameter: 110 mm - Stem diameter: M30 - Tank capacity: 50 liters - Max pressure: 350 bar - Voltage: 400 V, Frequency: 50–60 Hz Fpodpfolruhdjx Anzsh - Motor power: 3 kW - Max current draw: 7.3 A - Weight: 1,500 kg Equipped with GALTECH distributors: • 2MP block. • No. 2 VIVOIL external gear unidirectional pumps: one for rapid approach and return (set at 20 bar), and one with adjustable pressure via handwheel to set desired force. • Maximum pressure valve with mechanical lock to prevent overpressure. • Standard gauge to display delivered force. • INTECH electrical panel, certified according to current standards and supplied with independent CE marking.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 7 A, pressing force: 150 t, stroke length: 300 mm, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, MOTORIZED HYDRAULIC PRESS WITH AUTOMATIC DOUBLE SPEED AND RAPID ADVANCE CAPACITY: 150 TONS The monolithic frame is entirely laser-cut and securely bolted in package form. This characteristic makes all our presses deformation-resistant, even in areas subject to the highest stress. All components are manufactured in Italy. Hydraulic power unit with ICME submerged motor 400 V, 50/60 Hz; cylinders and frames made in Italy. GALTECH monobloc distributor. Fodpfx Aney E Rr Iezoph No. 2 single-direction external gear pumps in aluminium by VIVOIL: one dedicated to fast approach and return (set at 20 bar), and one with pressure adjustable via handwheel to set the required force. Maximum pressure valve with mechanical lock to prevent overpressure. 2 MP CETOP high-range modular block. Standard pressure gauge for displaying delivered power. INTECH electrical control panel, certified to current standards and independently CE marked. Maximum capacity: 150 tons Rapid approach speed: 1,450 mm/min Working speed (slow): 105 mm/min Cylinder rod stroke: 300 mm Cylinder rod diameter: 110 mm Shaft diameter: M30 Tank capacity: 50 L Maximum pressure: 350 bar Voltage: 400 V Motor power: 3 kW Weight: 1,300 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, Ref. -No.: 10588 Manufacturer: HEDELIUS Type: CB 70 - 3200 Year of construction: 2000 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: Heidenhain TNC Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany Fedpfxszc D Ato Anzeph Machine-No.: 0032XXXX Space requirement: 7200 x 3400 x 3100 Length x width x height (mm) X-Travel: 3200 mm Y-Travel: 720 mm Z-Travel: 600 mm Table Height: 900 mm Number of T-slots: 5 Max. Workpiece Weight: 3000 kg Max. Tool Length: 330 mm Clamping Area: 3900 x 650 mm T - groove width: 18 mm T - slot spacing: 125 mm Tool Taper: DIN 69871 AD 40 Spindle Speed: 30 - 8000 RPM Max. Torque: 102 x 240 Nm Feed Speeds X/Y/Z Axis: 30000 mm / min Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 30 / 30 / 30 mm / min Total Power Requirement: 50 kW Borehole Diameter: 28 x 44 mm Max. Feed force: 9000 / 9000 / 9000 kN Distance between spindle nose and table: 140 - 740 mm Number of tools: 30 Pcs Tool clamping: Tellerfeder Max. milling capacity: 400 x 600 Max. thread diameter: M20 x M30 mm coolant: 250 bar Further information: - L = 7.50 m Special accessory: automatic door - H = 3.60 m Special accessory: full cladding of working area - Ø 125 mm only with free side spaces 35 mm The machine can be viewed under power by arrangement.

Condition: used, mileage: 1,20,572 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 06/2021, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 7,200 kg, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, total length: 8,800 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 3,500 mm, loading space length: 6,000 mm, Year of construction: 2021, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, electronic stability program (ESP), soot filter, Subject to errors and prior sale! Internal number: 1330.5409538 ----EQUIPMENT * Storage: Central storage compartment - with USB charging port * Dual tires on the rear axle * Bodybuilder interface with expansion module * Air conditioning in the driver's cab with automatic climate control - including pollen filter and outside temperature display - including 170 cm³ air conditioning compressor * SAXAS box body with 600 cm loading area length * 117 l fuel tank * Tail lift * Steering wheel: Steering column adjustable in 2 positions - height and tilt * Air suspension on the rear axle * Radio: DAB digital radio - Digital radio with high-speed dual tuner - Voice recognition, USB port, Bluetooth - Hands-free system - Multifunction steering wheel * Rear cross member * Cruise control * 20 l AdBlue tank * Driver's airbag with belt tensioner * Comfort dashboard - Blue applications on the dashboard and door panels - Map storage and cup holders, as well as a foldable document compartment in the center console * Electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors with wide-angle mirrors and integrated turn signals * Seat: Passenger seat with three-point belt for the center seat * Diesel particulate filter - controlled by EDC - Catalytic converter with SCR * Digital EC control unit DTCO 4.0 * Torsion bar suspension on the front axle - front axle load increased to 2100 kg * Tachometer * Electric windows, left and right * Transmission: 8-speed automatic transmission with 8-speed torque converter ZF 8 HP including gear indicator * Driver's seat headrest adjustable for height, angle, and length * Heated crankcase ventilation * Radiator grille with chrome inserts * Paint finish: Solid color Fpsdsrt Smiepfx Anzoh * Manual headlight range adjustment * Model designation on both sides * Upholstery: Fabric * Rear window in driver's cab * Rear panel trim in driver's cab * Power steering * Front mud flaps * TFT display in instrument cluster Color * Trailer socket preparation * Maintenance indicator * Electronic immobilizer * Tinted windshield and cab side windows * Central locking with remote control ... and much more ----The vehicle is unfinished! Nationwide delivery is available for an additional charge. Errors and prior sale excepted. We are happy to accept your vehicle as part payment. Financing/leasing also possible without a down payment! Do you have any questions? We'd be happy to advise you!

Condition: used, Used Hosokawa Bepex model BH 150 stainless steel cone mill: - Manufacturer: Hosokawa Bepex - Model: BH 150 (nowdays BEXMILL ABM) Fpsdpfozbugyox Anzeh - Rotor type: Two arm beater. Top belt driven by electric motor 1.5 kW, 1405 rpm, 50 Hz. Max rotor speed 1700 rpm. - Screens: (7) Cone screens type available. Cone screen top diameter approx. 150 mm and bottom diamter 45 mm, cone height 90 mm. - ATEX rating: ATEX 94/9/EG - EN 13463-1/-5, Ex II 2G c T4/II 2DcT

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, Gantry Portal Milling Machine / Manufacturer: WALDRICH SIEGEN Type: PF-S-150 - 1953: Original year of manufacture (originally a workbench) - 1974: Reconstruction by the manufacturer WALDRICH SIEGEN to a portal milling machine (completely new milling support) - 2001: Modernised to CNC, with new electrical control cabinet - 2015: Modernization / Reconstruction to NC table drive - 2024: Reconstruction to crossbeam drive (gantry) Machining options: - Milling/Boring: horizontal/vertical The machine can be inspected by appointment under power. Condition: Ready for operation. TECHNICAL DATA / DESCRIPTION: Travel distances of feed axes (CNC): - Table: 14.000 mm - Crossbeam support: 4.500 mm - Crossbeam: 4.000 mm - Stand passage: width 4.545 mm - Clear width: 4.200 mm - Height from table to spindle: 4.000 mm - Quill: 450 mm - Table size / clamping: 14.000 x 4.350 mm - Table load: max. 200 tons (10 tons point load) - Drive power of main spindle motor: 125 kW - Total machine weight: approx. 350 tons - Space requirement for entire machine: Length 40 / Width 10 / Height above floor 9 m EQUIPMENT / ACCESSORIES: - CNC control: SINUMERIK 840D - Documentation - Additional comprehensive equipment ... No guarantee is given for the completeness and accuracy of the technical Fpjdpeyz Ru Uefx Anzoh information and equipment. - Subject to prior sale - Detailed technical data sheet and information on equipment available on request.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, Machine data: TD 150 – 6.4 m S5 with DFT® technology Working length: 6400 mm Insertion depth: 1250 mm Width of bending jaws: 10 mm + 10 mm additional bar Maximum bending capacity: S = 20 mm, 1.50 mm steel sheet (Re 275 N/mm²) Capacity for 180° bending: 50% of the maximum bending capacity Maximum bending angle: 143° (1.0 mm 135° / 1.5 mm 130°) Bending accuracy: +/- 0.5° (using crowning) Number of clamps / clamp stroke: 7 units / 15 mm - 1250 mm Maximum clamp opening: 35 mm Conical backgauge with adjustable depth: multi-zone function Number of backgauge fingers / stroke: 7 units / 5 mm - 1150 mm Backgauge tolerance range: +/- 0.1 mm per repeatability set Electrical voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz / 3 phases + PE Fodpfszcyr Djx Anzeph Rated current / protection / pump: 32 A / 63 A / 22 kW, 75 ccm Dimensions / weight: 8050 x 2250 x 2100 mm / approx. 10,000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7737 TECHNICAL DATA - Pressing force: hydraulic - Briquette shape: round - Briquette diameter: 70 mm - Hopper diameter: 1000 mm - Throughput: approx. 70 kg/h - Automatic machine operation - Motor: 5.5 kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1800x1150x1540 mm - Weight: 900 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – Used briquetting press – DTR technical documentation – Condition: very good Net price: 34,900 PLN Net price: 8,300 EUR (based on the rate of 4.2 EUR) Fpjdpjzbavyefx Anzjh (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)