Used Arburg 570A-2000-800/170 for sale (17,713)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 84,609 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 2,000 kN, plate length: 795 mm, plate height: 795 mm, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, overall weight: 10,950 kg, Arburg 570A-2000-800/170 two-component hybrid injection molding machine with sorting flap (247) Category: INJECTION MACHINES Brand: Arburg Number: 247 Availability: in stock Year of production: 2009 Producer: Arburg Injection molding machine condition: used Screw diameter [mm]: 50//35 Injection weight [g]: 359//105 Injection pressure [bar]: 2000//1470 Closing force [kN]: 2000 Column spacing [mm]: 570 x 570 Plate size [mm]: Dwodpfx Apozw Eg Uetsb 795 x 795 Min. mold height [mm]: 500 Control type: Selogica Tongue: English, German Working hours [h]: 84609 Weight [kg]: 10,950 Dimensions [mm]: 6000 x 2000 Feed hopper: NO Air valve: 1x

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 79,008 h, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 50 mm, clearance between the columns: 570 mm, displacement volume: 392 cm³, injection pressure: 2,000 bar, injection weight: 2,000 g, mold height (min.): 250 mm, plate length: 795 mm, plate height: 795 mm, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, overall weight: 10,950 kg, 570A-2000-800 /170 two-component hybrid injection molding machine with sorting flap (243) with sorting flap Number: 243 Availability: in stock Year of production: 2010 Producer: Arburg Injection molding machine condition: used Screw diameter [mm]: 50//35 Injection weight [g]: 359//105 Injection pressure [bar]: 2000//1470 Closing force [kN]: 2000 Column spacing [mm]: 570 x 570 Dwjdpezq A S Iofx Aptob Plate size [mm]: 795 x 795 Min. mold height [mm]: 250-550 Control type: Selogica Tongue: English, German Working hours [h]: 79008 Weight [kg]: 10,950 Dimensions [mm]: 6000 x 2000 Feed hopper: NO Air valve: x5 Core string: 1x

Year of construction: 2010, condition: ready for operation (used), Three similar Arburg injection molding machines are available. 1) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2010, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 91917h, weight: approx. 9800kg. 2) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2011, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 82736h, weight: approx. 9800kg. 3) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2011, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 90722h, weight: approx. 9800kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Djdpfxjznx Hie Aptewb

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 2,000 kN, Equipment: documentation/manual, Clamping force: 200 t Screw diameter: 55 mm Shot weight: 434 g Distance between tie bars V: 570 mm Distance between tie bars H: 570 mm Shot volume: 474 cm3 Platen dimensions : 795 x 795 mm Dedpfxsx Ir Ngo Aptowb Working hours: 25.969 h Type: Horizontal Drive: Hydraulic Equipment: 1x core puller Euromap 67

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 58,238 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 55 mm, clearance between the columns: 570 mm, displacement volume: 474 cm³, injection pressure: 1,650 bar, injection weight: 434 g, mold height (min.): 300 mm, plate length: 795 mm, plate height: 795 mm, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 1,900 mm, overall weight: 7,510 kg, Arburg 570C-2000-800 injection molding machine with conveyor belt (259) bimetallic cylinder Category: INJECTION MACHINES Brand: Arburg Number: 259 Availability: in stock Year of production: 2010 Producer: Arburg Injection molding machine condition: used Screw diameter [mm]: 55 Injection weight [g]: 434 Injection pressure [bar]: 1650 Closing force [kN]: 2000 Column spacing [mm]: 570 x 570 Plate size [mm]: 795 x 795 Min. mold height [mm]: 300 Control type: Selogica Tongue: English, German Installed power [kW]: 44.4 Working hours [h]: 58238 Weight [kg]: 7510 Dimensions [mm]: 6000 x 1900 Feed hopper: NO Dwedpfx Apjzxzttjtob Core string: 2x Robot socket: euros 67 Air valve: 1x + 1x dual coil

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, Arburg 1200 T 2000-800 (vertical machine with rotary table 1200mm) Clamping unit 2000T Table diameter: 1200mm Angle rotation: 180 degrees Dwjdpfjwugczsx Aptsb Clamping force: 200 tons Opening force max. kN/mm: 115/500 Platen daylight max. : 600 mm Injection unit Screw diameter: 45 mm Shot volume: 318 cm3 Shot weight: 291 g Injection pressure: 2470 bar 1. Model: T model 2. Machine type: 1200 T 2000 - 800 3. Plasticizing unit: Thermoplastics cylinder 45 mm, highly wear-resistant 4. Screw: Reinforced screw coupling for splined coupling geometry 5. Control system: SELOGICA ‘direct’ controller 6. Technology stage: Stage 2 servo-regulated with 2 control pumps 7. Rotary table: Advanced ergonomics special model, 2-station 180° forward/backward alternating 8. Nozzle: Open nozzle 45 mm with nozzle tip 9. In-mould needle nozzles: Electric & hydraulic control for needle nozzle 1, electric & pneumatic control for needle nozzle 2 10. Heating: Heater band for open nozzle, 9 electric heating control circuits for mould heating 11. Clamping platen: Mould mounting platen set, central diameter 125 mm 12. Blow unit: Mould blow unit with pressure reducer at station 1 13. Safety: Optical barrier at loading station, continuous oil cooling and filtration 14. Hopper: Adapter (extension) for feed hopper, machine delivered without 50 L hopper 15. Robot interface: Interface for robot system for station 2 & 3 (based on EM67/1) 16. Electric axes: Basic equipment for electric axes control 17. I/O: 4 programmable inputs/outputs on terminal rail 18. Sockets: Additional socket combination (1 CEE, 1 Schuko) 19. Interfaces: Temperature control device interface (REGLOPLAS), printer USB interface, Compact Flash, EUROMAP 65 chip card user authorisation 20. Acoustic alarm: Error alarm acoustic signal 21. Safety interlock: Interface for safety interlock of door (EUROMAP 73) 22. Cooling circuits: 3 regulated machine-related cooling circuits with flow indicator, 3 manually adjustable cooling circuits for second water manifold 23. Anti-corrosion: Anti-corrosion treatment for rotary table, sealing lip on outer diameter 24. Manual & labels: CD operating manual & spare parts list, Slovak language labels 25. Machine feet: Anti-vibration footplates 26. Other: Hydraulic ejector, external cycle start key, standard equipment packages, new ARBURG colour scheme 27. Display languages: IT/EN/SK

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, clamping force: 2,000 kN, Equipment: documentation/manual, Clamping force: 200 t Screw diameter: 50 mm Dsdpeyfh Ulsfx Aptowb Distance between tie bars V: 570 mm Distance between tie bars H: 570 mm Type: Horizontal Drive: Electric Hours: 34535 Available 3 units (2020-2019)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, Clamping force: 200 t Screw diameter: 50 mm Shot weight: 359 g Distance between tie bars V: 570 mm Dwsdpfx Apoyktgqotob Distance between tie bars H: 570 mm Shot volume: 392 cm3 Injection pressure: 2000 bar Euromap 67 1x core puller Type: Horizontal Drive: Hydraulic

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 13,879 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 1,200 kN, screw diameter: 30 mm, The machine is in decent condition and is equipped with a 3-position rotary table (3x120°) Year of manufacture: 2016 Operating hours pump: 17,263 Operating hours production: 13,879 Location: Southern Germany Contrary to the specification, the light curtain is not installed, as we operated the system with an enclosed automation (see photos). However, the components of the light curtain are available and will be sold with the unit. The part-specific automation and the feed hopper shown in the photo are not for sale. Dwjdpswnfw Djfx Aptsb It is technically possible to convert the system to a 2-position rotary table (2x180°). This could be ordered by the buyer directly from Arburg after purchase. Ex works sale

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, For sale is an injection moulding machine from the manufacturer Arburg, model 520 C 2000-800, year of manufacture 02/2006. Dsdpjw Hpwrsfx Aptswb The machine is in a very good, well-maintained condition. An on-site inspection is possible at any time by prior telephone arrangement.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 80,000 h, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 55 mm, injection pressure: 1,650 bar, injection weight: 434 g, Arburg 520C-2000-800 (193) Description with conveyor belt, bimetallic screw General information Product Code: 193 Availability: In Stock Year of production: 2005 Brand: Arburg Technical data Shot Weight: 434 g Clamping Force: 2,000 kN Dsdpfsvt Tp Hjx Aptowb Screw dia: 55 mm Injection pressure: 1650 bar Tie bar distance: 520x520 mm Platen size: 728x728 mm Mould height min.: 250 mm Type of controls: Selogica Language: German Power: 44,9 kW Workinghours: 80000 h Weight: 7300 kg Dimensions: 6x2 m Hopper: No Core pull: Yes Euromap: Yes

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 19,500 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 45 mm, Very low hours Arburg 570 E 2000-800 moulding machine fitted with Wittmann Primus 16T robot Arburg 570 E 2000-800 moulding machine specs; Hours = 19,800 Year = purchased new in December 2013 Tonnage = 200 Screw diameter = 45mm Shot weight (g PS) = 291 Djdpfx Apeyxhaiotewb Wittmann Primus 16T robot specs; Hours = very low Year = purchased new in June 2021 Travel = Z=2000mm, Y=1000mm, X=590mm comes with integrated conveyor and cell panels

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 8,000 h, functionality: fully functional, 1,0 St. gebr. Zweikomponenten Spritzgießmaschine Hersteller: ARBURG Typ: 570A2000-400/70 Baujahr: 2022 Schließkraft: 200 Tonnen Dwjdpfevftnasx Aptob Holmabstand 570 x 570 mm Einbauhöhe min. /max.: 350 mm Öffnungsweg: 1.000 mm Schnecken DN 1: 35 mm Max. Hubvolumen: 154 cm³ Spritzteilgewicht in PS: 141 g Schnecke DN 2: 25 mm Max. Hubvolumen: 44 cm³ Spritzteilgewicht in PS: 40 g Steuerung: Selogica Technische Ausstattung anfordern.

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 181825, clamping force: 800 kN, For sale is an injection moulding machine from Arburg, model Allrounder 370 S 800-350. The machine is in good condition. Technical Data: Arburg Allrounder 370 S 800-350 Injection Moulding Machine Dwsdpfx Aoxt E Tyspteb - Operating hours: - Machine cycles: 8,011,944 - Pump: 69,544 h - Automatic operation: 59,358 h - Clamping force: 800 kN (approx. 80 tons) - Tie bar spacing (H x V): 370 mm x 370 mm (clearance between tie bars) - Mounting platen dimensions (H x V): 545 mm x 545 mm - Maximum opening stroke: 500 mm (variable) - Minimum mould height: Min. 250 mm, partially also min. 200 mm depending on configuration - Maximum daylight: Max. approx. 650 mm−750 mm, depending on minimum mould height - Ejector force: Typically approx. 35 kN Transport and loading can be organised Europe-wide for an additional fee upon request. Prices are exclusive of VAT. Viewing is possible by appointment. Contact us, our team looks forward to assisting you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machinery Purchase / Sales PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MORE. Do you require a high-quality yet affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or would you like to sell yours? For further information or contact options, please visit our website.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, Arburg 370E 600-170 with Arburg Multilift Select robot / All-electric injection molding machine Year of manufacture: 11.2017 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 30 mm Shot weight: 77 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosage volume: 85 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 60 t Tie bar spacing: 370x370 mm Platen size: 510x510 mm Ejector: electric Clamping system: toggle Control system: SELOGICA - touchscreen Additional equipment: Production line with Arburg Multilift Select robot and conveyor belt All-electric machine: high-speed, energy-efficient, and very quiet Operating hours: h in automatic mode Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Hot runner control x 24 zones Hardened injection unit – bimetallic Main motor: servo-driven with inverter for energy saving Injection unit driven by servo motor controlled by inverter Parallel movements Central lubrication Machine with two cylinders / nitrogen accumulator (extra charge for high-speed operation) Integrated Arburg conveyor belt and sorting flap Arburg Multilift Select robot, 6 kg, transverse Dwodpfx Apezy Igcjtsb Year of manufacture: 11.2017 4-axis robot: 3 axes servo-driven (electric), C axis pneumatically driven Stroke (axes): X-600, Y-800, Z-1800 mm Robot safety package Robot with adapter and safety housing Purchase of robot and conveyor belt possible at additional cost Dimensions: Weight: 3600 kg Length/width/height: 4.00x1.45x2.04 m All offered machines are started up by our service technicians before sale. A video of the technical tests of the selected machine can be provided, or you can participate in live technical demonstrations at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, Arburg 320C 500-170 e² / Hybrid Machine Year of manufacture: 2014 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 30 mm Shot weight: 77 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosing volume: 85 ccm Djdpfxszy Ifro Aptewb Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 50 t Tie bar distance: 320x320 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Hybrid machine: energy-saving and very quiet Operating hours: 48,000 h in automatic mode Air valve x 2 Core pull control Controller with 8 hot runner zones Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Main motor of the machine: servo motor with inverter – energy-saving Proportional valve on the injection unit – for precise injection Dimensions: Weight: 2210 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.41x1.43x1.99 m All machines offered are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests for the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, Clamping force: 160 t Screw diameter: 30 mm Screw diameter 2: 18 mm Dsdpfx Ajzyp A Sjptowb Distance between tie bars V: 520 mm Distance between tie bars H: 520 mm 1x core puller 9x hot runner controler Type: Multicomponent Drive: Hydraulic

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Arburg 420C 1000-290 e² / Hybrid machine / Production line with Arburg Multilift robot Year of manufacture: 10.2015 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 35 mm Shot weight: 132 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dedpszy I Adofx Aptswb Dosing volume: 144 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 100 t Tie bar spacing: 420x420 mm Platen size: 570x570 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition Operating hours: 6666 h in automatic mode Hybrid machine: energy-saving and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 2 Control system with hot runner system x 8 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Main motor of the machine - driven by servo motor with inverter - energy saving Proportional valve on the injection unit – precise injection Outputs for: Closing of the pneumatic nozzle and dosing device Arburg Multilift ML-S robot Year of manufacture: 10.2015 4-axis robot: 3 axes are driven by servo motors (electric); Axis C - pneumatic Travel ranges in axes: X-400, Y-600, Z-1000 Robot with adapter, conveyor belt and safety housing Purchase of the robot and conveyor belt available at an additional cost Dimensions: Weight: 3720 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.30x1.63x2.07 m All machines offered are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Arburg 520S 1600-400/170 e² / Production line with Geiger robot Year of manufacture: 2012 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 35 mm Shot weight: 141 g Injection pressure: 2500 bar Dosage volume: 154 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 160 t Tie bar spacing: 520 x 520 mm Platen size: 695 x 695 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - touchscreen Additional equipment: 2K injection molding machine with rotary table and Geiger robot Very good technical condition Hybrid machine: energy-saving and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 4 Hydraulic core pull x 5 Control system with 12 hot runner zones Reinforced injection units – bimetallic Machine with two cylinders / batteries with compressed nitrogen (additional charge for fast operation) The machine features a built-in servomotor in the injection unit responsible for dosing the plastic Parallel movements Screw diameter in the vertical injection unit: ⌀30 mm - 77 g/PS Integrated Arburg brand conveyor belt and sorting flap Original Weber brand rotary table, highly precise – electrically driven (integrated inverter in the machine) Rotary table and robot available as an additional purchase Dodpfx Apjzy I Rbotewb Dimensions: Weight: 8140 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.81 x 1.84 x 3.45 m All offered machines are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. A video of the technical tests for the selected machine can be provided, or you can participate in live technical tests at our facilities in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Arburg 420C-800-250 Djdjpdr Dcopfx Aptjwb Closing 80 tons Scrow 30 mm year 2003 Spars wide 42x42 Spray weight 97 g

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, Arburg 520H 1500-800 e² / Hybrid Machine / Production Line with Side-Mounted Arburg Multilift H Robot Injection Unit: Screw Diameter: 55 mm Shot Weight: 434 g Injection Pressure: 1,650 bar Dosage Volume: 474 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping Force: 150 t Tie Bar Distance: 520x520 mm Platen Size: 695x695 mm Ejector: electric Clamping System: toggle lever Control System: SELOGICA touchscreen Additional Equipment: - Hybrid machine: high-speed, energy-efficient, and very quiet - Euromap 67 - Robot interface - Control with air valve - 1x hydraulic core pull - 12x hot runner control circuits - Injection unit: hardened – bimetallic - Main motor: servomotor driven by frequency inverter – energy saving - Injection unit powered by servomotor controlled by inverter - Machine equipped with nitrogen accumulator/cylinder for rapid operation (additional charge) - Central lubrication - Automatic mold height adjustment - Kistler sensor for mold pressure control - The injection molding machine was operated in a so-called "cleaning room" and includes additional protective measures against contamination and two vapor absorbers - Side-mounted Arburg Multilift H robot Year of manufacture: 2013 5-axis robot: Z-axis servo-driven (electric); X-, Y-, and B-axes (rotation) pneumatic Robot safety package Robot with adapter, conveyor belt with electric height adjustment, safety enclosure Robot and conveyor belt available at additional cost Dimensions: Weight: 6,680 kg Dsdpfozy I Nqsx Aptewb Length/Width/Height: 5.03x1.56x2.21 m All machines offered are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Arburg 520H 1500-800 e² / Hybrid Machine / Production Line with Side Robot Arburg Multilift H Year of manufacture: 09.2012 Injection Unit: Dsdpfxezy I I Tj Aptewb Screw diameter: 55 mm Shot weight: 434 g Injection pressure: 1650 bar Dosage volume: 474 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 150 t Tie bar distance: 520x520 mm Platen size: 695x695 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle lever Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Hybrid machine: high-speed, energy saving, and very quiet Control with air valve Core pull control 12-fold hot runner control Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Main drive motor - servo motor with inverter for energy saving The injection unit is powered by a servo motor, controlled by inverter Machine with cylinder / compressed nitrogen accumulator (additional charge for fast cycling) Central lubrication Automatic mold height adjustment Kistler sensor – mold pressure regulation The injection molding machine was operated in a so-called 'cleaning room', equipped with extra protective devices against contamination as well as two fume absorbers Side robot Arburg Multilift H Year of manufacture: 2012 5-axis robot: Z-axis driven by servo motor (electric); X-, Y-, and B-axis (rotation) pneumatic Safety package for robot Robot with adapter, conveyor belt with electric height adjustment, protective enclosure Purchase of robot and conveyor belt at extra cost Dimensions: Weight: 6840 kg Length/Width/Height: 5.03x1.56x2.21 m All machines offered are test run by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests for the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, ARBURG A 370 H 600-170 Integralpicker V (S&P 3801) Manufacture year: 2016 Operating hours: 45,447 Stunden Screw: 25 HVF mm Dsdpfx Ajzzbhcsptowb Injection pressure: 2500 bar Stroke volume: 59 cm³ Clamping Force: 60 t Tie bar distance: 370 x 370 mm Mould installation height min.: 200 mm Plate distance max.: 650 mm Dimensions: 4000 x 1700 x 2300 mm Eeight: 3700 kg Connected load: 5,5 / 26 kW incl. Integralpicker V, EM67, Interface color, Airvalve, Corepuller, electric Convejorbelt, Sorter Unit, price when new machine 104.200,- Euro + picker 10.500,- Euro Price: on request contact: Mr. Ralf Schulz

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, 1x used Arburg 570C 2000-350 Year of manufacture: 2000 Screw: 45mm Core pulls: 1x Hot runner system: 6x Without conveyor belt Dedezx D Hpspfx Aptowb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 173340, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 50 mm, clearance between the columns: 520 mm, plate length: 715 mm, plate height: 715 mm, total length: 5,360 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 6,900 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, ARBURG ALLROUNDER 520 C 2000-675, hydraulic injection molding machine for plastics, year of manufacture 1998. The machine has a clamping force of 2,000 kN (200 tons) and an injection unit with a 50 mm diameter screw. Dodpjzw Hnysfx Aptswb Technical data: Manufacturer: ARBURG Model: ALLROUNDER 520 C 2000-675 Year of manufacture: 1998 Clamping force: 2,000 kN / 200 tons Injection unit: 675 Screw diameter: 50 mm Distance between columns: 520 × 520 mm Platen size: approximately 715 × 715 mm Opening stroke: approximately 650 mm Control: SELOGICA Condition: The machine was dismantled in perfect working order and is sold in its current condition. Operating hours are not available. The machine is available for viewing/inspection by appointment. Sale includes the injection molding machine only. The Cartesian robot and other components of the cell can be purchased separately.