Used Bernardo Milling Machine for sale (65,314)

Condition: used, Circular saw-milling machine Bernardo FK2, good condition, 2.2 kW, 450 kg Njdox H Uigopfx Aphjwk Price changes reserved; errors, misprints and typographical mistakes excepted.

Condition: used, Bernardo CSM2000 circular saw-milling machine, in good condition, 3 kW, 315/30 mm, approx. 2200 mm cutting length, approx. 100 mm cutting height, approx. 500 kg Prices subject to change, errors and misprints excepted. Nwodpfx Apox H Ufbohsk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 06651, travel distance X-axis: 6,800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, feed rate X-axis: 15 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 15 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, total length: 15,000 mm, total width: 7,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, total height: 7,000 mm, table height: 1,100 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 10 m/min, distance between stands: 3,300 mm, type of input current: three-phase, table load: 50,000 kg, rotational speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, distance table center to spindle nose: 2,110 mm, overall weight: 1,10,000 kg, spindle motor power: 50,000 W, control cabinet length: 7,000 mm, control cabinet height: 2,000 mm, control cabinet width: 600 mm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, MODEL: Portal Type AGE: 1992 S/N #: 06651 CATEGORY: Mills, Planer Type, CNC CAPACITY: X-Axis Travel: 6800 mm Y-Axis Head Travel: 3700 mm Z-Axis Ram Stroke: 1500 mm, fixed crossrail Ram Cross Section: 500 mm x 500 mm Distance Between Columns: 3300 mm Distance Table To Ram Face: 2110 mm, vertical passage 2000 mm Table Size: 6000 x 2500 mm Spindle (Quill) Diameter: 250 mm Spindle Taper: ISO #50 Spindle Speeds: 0-4000 RPM Spindle Motor: 50 KW EQUIPPED WITH: FIDIA System C20 CNC Control, new in 2002 CNC biaxial continous milling head Universal Milling Head with Auto Indexing Nsdpfx Aoyahv Sephswk Right Angle Head with Auto Indexing Straight Milling Head Wagons for Head Change and Tool Pick-up Change Hydrostatic Bearings Coolant System Full Length Chip Conveyors both side Way Covers Rapid movements: Z-10.000 mm/min, X and Y-15.000 mm/min Table load: max 50.000 kg Weight of the machine: 110.000 kg Outside dimensions: 15.000 x 7.500 x 7050 mm Machine has been tested before dismantling and is fully operational, all mechanical components in excellent condition, electrics new in 2018. Machine available from stock. The price is now SPECIAL FROM STOCK. Once we will reassemble the machine, price will grow significantly. We can assist you to assemble and run up the machine.

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: MC9050B industrial round wood rod milling machine, manufactured in 2018, designed for producing round wooden poles and cylindrical wooden components such as tool handles, broom handles, furniture parts, and similar products. Specifications: • Model: MC9050B • Year of manufacture: 2018 • Power supply: 380V (Three-phase) • Working diameter: 15–50 mm • Minimum workpiece length: 600 mm • Main motor: 3 kW • Approximate weight: 350 kg Condition: • Excellent working condition. • Complete machine, ready for immediate use. • Inspection and testing are welcome. Nedpfjzmt U Ejx Aphowk

Condition: excellent (used), XYZ SMX 3500 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK SMX Control Spindle: Nodezuxn Tepfx Aphewk 5HP – Programmable 40 – 5000rpm 2 Ranges 40 – 600 & 300 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Year of Manufacture 2008 Table: 1370 x 355mm 4 0ff T Slots T Slot size 15.9mm Max load 600kgs Travel: X – 787mm Y – 508mm Head Vertical (Z) – 500mm Quill (Z) 127mm Dims without travel – 1905 x 2069 x 2225mm Dim with travel – 2758 x 2869 x 2490mm Weight 2430Kgs Power Requirements 22A Air Requirements 6bar For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #79245 Machine Serial Number: 10731 Cost: £17,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, XYZ SMX 5000 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK SMX Control Spindle: 7.5Hp – Programmable 70 – 5000rpm ISO40 Nwedpfxey Ni Ivs Aphek Quill Dia 105mm Manufactured 2008 Table: 1930 x 355mm 4 off T Slots size 15.9mm Max load 850kgs Travel: X – 1524mm Y – 596mm Z – 584mm Dims: W - 5805mm D – 2530mm H – 3143mm Weight - 3100Kgs For sale with *Jet Machinery Ltd* Stock No: 79199 Serial No: 11273 Price: £24,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, XYZ 2000 Turret Milling Machine (2017) (Ex College) 3 Axis Newhall DRO (X, Y & Knee) Spindle Taper R8 Nodpfxoxxb Rrs Aphowk Spindle speeds to 500 – 4200 rev/min Table Size 1270 x 254mm Table Travel: X - 812mm Y - 406mm Knee Travel: Z - 406mm Quill Travel Z - 127mm For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #79047 Machine Serial Number: 12907 Cost: £9,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, XYZ RMX 3500 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK RMX Control YOM 2021 Spindle: Nwjdpex D Tbmofx Aphjk 5HP – Programmable 40 – 5000rpm 2 Ranges 40 – 600 & 300 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Table: 1370 x 355mm 4 0ff T Slots T Slot size 15.9mm Max load 600kgs Travel: X – 787mm Y – 508mm Head Vertical (Z) – 500mm Quill (Z) 127mm Dims without travel – 1905 x 2069 x 2225mm Dim with travel – 2758 x 2869 x 2490mm Weight 2430Kgs Power Requirements 22A Air Requirements 6bar YOM 2021 For Sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock Number: #78900 Machine Serial Number: RM310097 £35,000.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1965, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,150 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, table load: 6,000 kg, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 1,600 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 1,200 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 1,150 mm Spindle speed: 20–6,000 rpm Work table: 1,200 × 1,400 mm Table load: max. 6 t Please note the following: The height and weight of the asset must be taken into account when selecting the transport vehicle. There is no loading dock on site. However, a forklift or an overhead crane is available for loading. If the asset is not collected on time, a storage fee of €20.00 per lot and per day (or part thereof) will be charged. The fee must be paid before collection. The sale is made without any warranty or guarantee. Nwedpezuzpasfx Aphek The information on the technical data is based on the original offer. No liability is accepted for typographical or measurement errors. In case of doubt, please compare the information with the provided photos or inspect the item on site before the auction ends.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 3,488 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: TM3507008, travel distance X-axis: 3,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, controller model: SELCA S 4045 PDH, The table and the dust extraction system are included in the price! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 3,500 mm Travel range Y-axis: 1,100 mm Travel range Z-axis: 1,500 mm Table dimensions: 3,800 x 1,000 mm Spindle taper: ISO 50 Spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Tool positions: 40 Working feed rate: max. 15,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 40,000 mm/min Maximum axis force (X, Y, Z): 1,500 N MACHINE DETAILS Control system: SELCA S 4045 PDH Operating hours according to image (as of: July 31, 2026) Total: approx. 29,147 h Partial: approx. 3,488 h Nwodozr H H Sepfx Aphjk A manufacturer's offer for dismantling and loading is available for €27,000.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, x-travel 760 mm y-travel 510 mm Nwedpfx Ajznnc Tsphsk z-travel 610 mm table surface area 1.020 x 510 mm control WINMAX spindle turning speed range 12.000 U/min spindle drive 13,5 kW 24 St. tool adaptor SK 40 | | internal coolant system feed 20 bar rapid traverse 35/35/30 m/min weight of the machine ca. 5,0 t used vertical machinig centre with 4th axis - 4th axis - Dual toolchanger - internal coolant with filter - spindle oil cooling - electric hand wheel

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER: 6969 TECHNICAL DATA Circular saw: - Max saw blade diameter: 300mm - Spindle: 30mm - Max cutting height: 60mm - Saw blade adjustable front/back - Motor: 2.4kW Milling machine: Tenoning spindle: - Spindle diameter: 40mm - Spindle working height: 190mm - Lockable spindle - Max cutter diameter: 360mm Nsdpfxjzw Dgms Aphewk - Motor: 7.5kW - 2 spindle speed options - Material hold-down - Adjustable side carriage (up/down, front/back) - Angle stop - Pull-out table support - Manual carriage feed - Extraction port diameters: 80mm, 160mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1910x1960x1800mm, Weight: 830kg – Polish production – DTR (Technical Documentation) included – Upper control panel – Used tenoning machine, in very good condition Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 EUR Net price calculated according to 4.2 PLN/EUR conversion rate (In the event of substantial exchange rate fluctuations, the price may be subject to change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER: 6607 TECHNICAL DATA Nwjdjzc I Tpjpfx Aphsk Circular saw: - Maximum blade diameter: 350mm - Spindle: 30mm - Lockable spindle - Blade adjustable front/back, up/down - Blade guard - Motor: 1.1kW - Extraction port diameter: 80mm Spindle moulder: Tenoning spindle: - Spindle diameter: 40mm - Spindle working height: 140mm - Lockable spindle - Maximum cutter head diameter: 350mm - 2 spindle speeds: 3000 / 4500 rpm - Motor: 5.5kW - Brake - Side sliding table – manual feed - Table dimensions (L/W): 1180x600mm - Mitre fence - 2 pneumatic clamps - Extraction port diameter: 120mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2600 (for shipment 2000) /1600/1450mm - Weight: 735kg – Very good condition – Used tenoning machine Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 euros depending on exchange rate 4.2 euro (Prices may vary in case of significant fluctuations)

Year of construction: 2011, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: C111707, Reconditioned Production Ready！ Nodpfx Apjzlat Sehjwk Ref No: 1026 Emmegi Comet T5 Work centre CNC with 3 controlled axes, used for the working of bars or aluminium, PVC, light alloys in general and steel pieces. It has two functioning methods: only one work area for bars up to 7.7 m long or two independent work areas with piece load/unload while machine is working. It has an 8 place tools storage on board the X axis slide, able to host 2 angular units and one milling disc, to perform work on the 5 sides of the piece. It also has a mobile work surface that facilitates the piece loading/unloading operation and significantly increases the workable section.

Condition: new, Clean air extraction / dust extractor Dust-tested to H3, residual dust content less than 0.1 mg/m³ Suitable for extracting and separating dry wood and plastic chips High extraction performance with low space requirement Maximum performance in this class Very quiet Designed for commercial use Robust and compact housing made of galvanized sheet steel Extraction nozzle can be easily converted from left to right for flexible use Large inspection openings Large, mobile chip container with clamping bracket and chip collection bag Dust extractor already fully assembled on delivery, so can be used quickly All models are mobile Polyester fleece filter material, aluminized, therefore with long service life Antistatic filter tested and approved to category M-BIA as standard The fan is connected downstream of the filter Efficiency class extraction motor IE3 Nedpfsr A Eq Rjx Aphswk Nominal volume flow 1448 m³/h Nominal negative pressure 2242 Pa Power drive motor 2.2 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Chip collection volume 2 x 165 l Nominal width of external suction connection inlet 160 mm Filter area 9.21 m² Residual dust content < 0.1 mg/m³ Sound pressure level max. 73 dB(A) L x W x H approx. = 1618 x 830 x 1653 mm Weight approx. 268 kg VERSION PM Automatic filter cleaning with pneumatic system that moves a scraper frame

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN CNC MILLING MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SHIFTING TABLE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 8000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1500 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 2500 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 35 m/min TABLE SIZE: 2000 x 2000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL OF THE TABLE: 1500 mm MAX ADMITTED LOAD: 15000 Kg HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; CONTINUOUS ; ISO 50 ; 7000 rpm; 49 kW; 1180 Nm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 80 POS CONTROL UNIT: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 ACCESSORIES: SWARF CONVEYOR ; Nedpfx Ajwl R Agjphjwk PORTABLE HANDWHEEL ; LASER TOOL SETTER NOTE: WITH ROTARY TABLE 1500X1500 mm; MAX ADMITTED LOAD 15000 Kg

Condition: new, neu ca. 2 - 4 Wochen ab Auftr Deutschland 2625.31 € 10 mm B 16 220 mm 60 - 6000 U/min 0,54 kW 350 mm 520 mm 820 mm 44 kg 60 mm 140 - 315 mm 300 x 250 mm 70 mm PLUS - CONTROL PANEL WITH FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: - Display - Operation via function keys and rotary/push button - Drilling mode / Tapping mode - Zero point setting - Drilling depth adjustment - Infinitely variable speed adjustment - Piece counter - Spindle stop function (spindle stops automatically after drilling) Drilling capacity / normal drilling Performance 10/12 (in E335/ST60) Thread cutting device Control panel with OLED display Robust, high quality drill head hood with ergonomically inclined front LED lighting Quickly adjustable and ergonomic Drilling depth stop Stepless speed control via central rotary knob EMERGENCY STOP pushbutton Nsdpfx Apey Hf Rnohjwk Thermal overload protection Spindle stop Drill protection with electr. Fuse Connection cable with Schuko plug 3 years warranty for single shift Operation OPTIONS (PRICES ON REQUEST): Machine cabinet with door and drawer Drill package 2 (vice & keyless chuck)

Condition: new, neu ca. 2 - 4 Wochen ab Auftr Deutschland 4758.02 € 18 mm MK 2 240 mm 30 - 3000 U/min M12 355 mm 705 mm 1065 mm 170 kg 100 mm 155 - 415 mm 155 - 550 mm 340 x 280 mm 82 mm PLUS - CONTROL PANEL WITH FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: - Display - Operation via function keys and rotary/push button - Drilling mode / Tapping mode - Zero point setting - Drilling depth adjustment - Infinitely variable speed adjustment - Piece counter - Spindle stop function (spindle stops automatically after drilling) Continuous/normal drilling performance 18/20 (in E335/ST60), 12 Nm Manual feed Digital speed and drilling depth display Thread cutting system Control panel with OLED display Robust, high quality drill head hood with ergonomically inclined front LED lighting Quickly adjustable and ergonomic drill depth stop Stepless speed control via central rotary knob EMERGENCY STOP pushbutton Thermal overload protection Spindle stop Nwedpfx Aeynm Aasphok Drill protection with electr. Fuse Connection cable with Schuko plug 3 years warranty for single shift operation OPTIONS: Machine cabinet with door and drawer Coolant device LED lighting with pivot arm Drill package 3 (vice & keyless chuck)

Year of construction: 1997, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN CNC MILLING MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC A/B-AXIS HEAD LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 4000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1200 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 2000 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 15 m/min TABLE SIZE: 5000 x 2000 mm SPINDLE: 4000 rpm; 27 kW; 1200 Nm Nwjdpfx Aoh Stzksphek HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; A 2,5°- B 2,5° ; ISO 50 ; 4000 rpm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 30 POS CONTROL UNIT: SELCA S3045 WEIGHT: 25500 Kg ACCESSORIES: SWARF CONVEYOR ; PORTABLE HANDWHEEL NOTE: EXTENSION 400mm -ISO50 -6.500rpm; AUTOMATIC HEAD EXCHANGE; PERIMETER GUARDING

Year of construction: 2004, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN CNC MILLING MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SHIFTING TABLE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 4000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1250 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 2000 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 20 m/min TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL OF THE TABLE: 2000 mm PALLET: 2000 x 2500 mm; 1200 rpm MAX ADMITTED LOAD: 28000 Kg HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; ISO50 DIN ; 15-4000 rpm; 30 kW; 650 Nm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 41 POS Nsdewlwhcopfx Aphswk CONTROL UNIT: FIDIA C20 XPOWER HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT: 12 Bar ACCESSORIES: PORTABLE HANDWHEEL ; SWARF CONVEYOR ; LASER TOOL SETTER

Year of construction: 2018, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - 5-AXIS BRIDGE-TYPE CNC MILLING MACHINE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 2500 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 3500 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 1300 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 40 m/min Nwjdpfx Aswla Hnsphek TABLE SIZE: 3500 x 2500 mm HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; A-axis ±185° - B-axis ±270° ; HSK A100 ; 12000 rpm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 64 POS CONTROL UNIT: HEIDENHAIN TNC640 WEIGHT: 51370 Kg ACCESSORIES: HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT ; SWARF CONVEYOR ; LASER TOOL SETTER ; PAPER FILTER ; TOUCH PROBE ; PORTABLE HANDWHEEL

Condition: new, neu ca. 2 - 4 Wochen ab Auftr Deutschland 3649.63 € 15 mm B 16 214 mm 40 - 4000 U/min 0,54 kW M10 355 mm 485 mm 1027 mm 70 kg 125 - 490 mm 300 x 250 mm 82 mm THE HEIGHT-ADJUSTABLE HEAD MAKES IT IDEAL FOR SHORTER USERS, E.G., FOR TRAINING WORKSHOPS AND SCHOOLS Njdszv Ey Sopfx Aphjwk PLUS - CONTROL PANEL WITH FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: - Display - Operation via function keys and rotary/push button - Drilling mode / Tapping mode - Zero point setting - Drilling depth adjustment - Infinitely variable speed adjustment - Piece counter - Spindle stop function (spindle stops automatically after drilling) Drilling capacity / normal drilling Performance 13 / 15 (in E335/ST60) Manal feed Tapping device Control panel with OLED display Robust, high quality drill head hood with ergonomically inclined front Head height adjustment via toothed rack LED lighting Quickly adjustable and ergonomic drill depth stop Stepless speed control via central rotary knob EMERGENCY STOP pushbutton Thermal overload protection Spindle stop Drill protection with electr. Fuse Connection cable with Schuko plug 3 years warranty for single shift operation Art. - No. 212.650 with B16 spindle Art. - No. 212.655 with MK 2 spindle (price on request) OPTIONS: Machine cabinet Drill package

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, Technical details: spindle diameter: 110 mm x-travel: 1985 mm y-travel: Spindelstock vert. 1270 mm z-travel: Tisch längs: 1260 m. Setzstock/1490 m. Setzstock mm table adjustment: nein ° B-axis (table): 360 W-axis (spindle longitudinal): axial: 710 mm U-axis: Planschieber radial: 250 mm control for program: Heidenhain 320 tool taper: ISO 50 table-size: 1600 x 1400 mm table rotating: 360 ° table load: 6,3 t range drill spindle revolution per minute: 6,3 ... 1250 / 4 step U/min revolution per minute: Plansupport: 6,3 ... 315 / 2 step U/min feed steps: Tisch: 5...2500 und Spindelstock vert. 5...2500 mm/min total power requirement: ca. 90 kW weight of the machine ca.: 30 t Nwsdpfx Apsu Utwbehok Tailstock Facing slide 700 Electronic handwheel max. turning Ø for drilling: 630mm max. turning Ø for facing: 1250mm At the moment the Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine has an electrical fault in the control (unknown). Our offer/sale is as described and as is! *

Condition: used, Technical details: spindle diameter: 110 mm x-travel: 2000 mm y-travel: 1600 mm z-travel: 2000 mm control for program: TNC Heidenhain 360 B-axis (table): ja W-axis (spindle longitudinal): Planschieber mm Nwjdpeu Idp Djfx Aphek tool taper: ISO 50 table-size: 1400 x 1250 mm machine dimensions LxWxH: 8,0 x 6,0 x 4,5 m weight of the machine ca.: 28 t with face slide 700mm , electronic hand control *

Condition: good (used), Used milling machine, Huron model NU 4. Its robust construction and precise design enable accurate metalworking. The machine is in good working condition and ready for operation. We provide on-site machine loading. Nsdpfx Apszvuyuohewk Net price, 23% VAT applicable. Feed rate: 1.6-820 mm/min Spindle speed: 30-2066 27 spindle speeds Travel: Y: 700 X: 1100 Z: 470 Work surface of the table: 455x1435 Spindle taper: ISO 40