Used High Performance Pillar Drilling Machine for sale (76,693)

Condition: used, High-performance drilling machine ALZMETALL, type Abomat 20 Production drilling machine Serial No. 452, Year of manufacture 1996 Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 25 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron GG 20: 30 mm Spindle mount: SK 40 - M16 Overhang: 280 mm Drill slide stroke: 500 mm Distance from spindle nose to table: 185 - 685 mm Table size: 490 x 400 mm Djdpfx Ajikrtqjdrskr Spindle speed: 50 - 500 rpm, infinitely variable Drill slide feed: 20 - 224 mm/min, infinitely variable Drill slide rapid traverse: 4.5 m/min Feed motor power: 0.18 kW Rapid traverse motor power: 0.75 kW Drill spindle motor power: 1.1 kW (speed 1000 rpm) Mains connection: 400 volts, 50 Hz - Spindle speed infinitely variable via frequency inverter - Drill slide feed infinitely variable via frequency inverter - 2 operating modes: setup and automatic operation - Central lubrication - Control cabinet on the back of the machine - Swiveling control panel - Mounted on a steel plate (700 x 650 x 40 mm) with precise height adjustment Space requirement L x W x H: 1200 x 700 x 2530 mm Weight: approx. 1000 kg Good condition

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1972, Drilling capacity in steel 70 mm Dkodot Uzk Repfx Adror Drilling capacity in cast iron 80 mm Spindle holder MK 5 Spindle projection 400 mm Spindle stroke 240 mm Column diameter 250 mm Speed range, infinitely variable 45 - 1325 rpm 5 feeds 0.1, 0.14, 0.2, 0.28, 0.4 mm/rev Table size 880 x 660 mm Motor power 3 kW Dimensions L x W x H 880 x 1200 x 2500 mm Machine weight 1400 kg Accessories / Special features: - Infinitely variable speed adjustment via PIV gearbox and reduction gear - Large clamping table 880 x 660 mm - Feed via cross lever - Large drilling depth adjustment with 240 mm fixed stop - Swivel table - Emergency stop switch - Coolant system Siegfried Volz Machine Tools Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: used, High-performance drilling machine, ALZMETALL, Type Abomat 20 Production drilling machine Serial No. 449, Year of manufacture 1995 Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 25 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron GG 20: 30 mm Spindle mount: SK 40 - M16 Overhang: 280 mm Drill slide stroke: 500 mm Spindle distance, max.: 685 Spindle distance, min.: 185 Table size: 490 x 400 mm Spindle speed: 2000 rpm Automatic feed: 224 mm/min Rapid traverse: 4.5 m/min Feed motor power: 0.18 kW Dsdpfx Ajgd Ipkjdrokr Rapid traverse motor power: 0.75 kW Drilling spindle motor power: 1.5 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz - Production drilling machine with a spindle speed and a feed rate - Current spindle speed: 2000 rpm - Current feed rate: 224 mm/min - 2 operating modes: manual and automatic operation - Electric drill head height adjustment - Central lubrication - Control cabinet on the back of the machine - Mounted on a steel plate (700 x 650 x 40 mm) with precise height adjustment Space requirement L x W x H: 1200 x 700 x 2530 mm Weight: approx. 900 kg Good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1983, machine/vehicle number: 18071, Ref. No. 25393 Technical Data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 28 mm - Maximum drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 32 mm - Drill spindle taper: MT 3 - Drill spindle stroke: 180 mm - Drill spindle speeds steplessly adjustable: - Range 1: 130 – 480 rpm - Range 2: 480 – 1750 rpm - 3 feeds: 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mm/rev - Throat depth: 290 mm - Maximum distance table - drill spindle: 620 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 450 x 450 mm Dkedsy En I Hjpfx Adror - Height adjustable by rack-and-pinion and handwheel - Separate coolant unit - Drive: 400 V / 0.9 / 1.3 kW - Space requirement approx.: W 660 x H 1900 x D 700 mm - Weight approx.: 280 kg

Year of construction: 1992, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 144202, Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 32 mm - Thread cutting capability up to: M 20 - Drill spindle mount: MK 3 - Feed rates: 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 mm/rev - Drill spindle stroke: 150 mm Dkjdpfx Adjgbykrorjr - 12 drill spindle speeds: 80 - 1400 rpm - Overhang: 280 mm - Max. distance table - drill spindle: 760 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 550 x 400 mm - Height adjustable via rack and pinion with hand crank - Drive: 400 V / 1.4 / 2.3 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 550 x H 1950 x D 850 mm - Weight: approx. 360 kg - Includes: - Coolant system - Quick-change drill chuck - 20 pcs. HSS various drills, 8 - 25 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: 3815-130-3235, Offer 25380 Technical Data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 40 mm - Maximum drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 50 mm - Tapping capacity in steel ST 60: up to M 42 - Spindle taper: MK 4 - Spindle stroke: 200 mm - Spindle speeds steplessly adjustable: 40 – 1100 rpm - Right and left-hand rotation Dsdpfx Adsxr Ayhorjkr - 3 automatic feeds: 0.1; 0.16; 0.25 mm/rev - Throat depth: 350 mm - Max. distance spindle – table / baseplate: 790 / 1210 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 630 x 540 mm - Table height adjustable via rack with hand crank - Drive: 400 V / 1.6 / 2.9 kW - Required floor space approx.: W 600 x H 2050 x D 980 mm - Weight approx.: 650 kg - Includes: - Tapping device - Quick-action drill chuck 1–13 mm - Emergency stop button - Work light - Coolant device

Year of construction: 1968, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 12314, Offer 22326 Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 35 mm - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 40 mm - Drill spindle connection: MK 4 - Drill spindle stroke: 170 mm Dkjdpfx Aokt Nqqjdror - Overhang: 345 mm - Rotary table with 2 T-slots: 550 mm - Max. distance table – drill spindle: 650 mm - Max. distance base plate – drill spindle: 1000 mm - Feeds: 0.09 - 0.16 - 0.28 mm/rev - Variable speed AZ gearbox with gear shift - Continuously adjustable drill spindle speeds: 40 - 720 rpm - Right/left rotation - Drive: 400 V / 2.5 kW - Lighting - Coolant system - Space requirement: approx. W 750 x H 1950 x D 1000 mm - Weight: approx. 700 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, machine/vehicle number: 19216, Lg.no. 22614 Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60 40 mm - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60 50 mm - Drill spindle holder MK 4 - Drill spindle stroke 180 mm - Drill spindle speed infinitely variable with reduction gear - Stage 1 60 - 210 rpm - Stage 2 210 - 765 rpm - throat depth 330 mm - 3 feeds 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 rpm - Table with 2 T-slots 720 x 360 mm Dkjdpot Etiysfx Adrjr - Table height adjustable via rack and pinion with hand crank - max. distance table - drilling spindle approx. 780 mm - max. distance machined base plate - drilling spindle approx. 1250 mm - Coolant device - Lighting system - Drive 400 V / 4 kW - Space requirement approx. W 720 x H 2050 x D 1150 mm - Weight approx. 500 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, machine/vehicle number: 953003, Order No. 25072 Technical Specifications: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 40 mm - Drill spindle mount: MT 4 - Drill spindle stroke: 150 mm - Drill spindle speed: infinitely variable rpm - Throat depth: 350 mm - Max. distance between drill spindle and table: 580 mm Dksdpfx Aev Uy Npjdrer - Table with 2 T-slots: 600 x 450 mm - Height adjustable via gear rack and hand crank - Table tiltable left and right - Drive: 400 V / 3 kW - Space required: approx. W 700 x H 1950 x D 950 mm - Weight: approx. 650 kg - With: - Machine vise - Keyless drill chuck: 1-13 mm - Lighting

Year of construction: 1994, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 491P, Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 28 mm - Drilling diameter in steel ST 60: 32 mm - Drill spindle mount: MK 3 - Right/left rotation - Drill spindle stroke: 150 mm - Drill spindle speeds, stepless: 80 - 1170 rpm - 2 feed rates: 0.1 / 0.2 mm/rev - Overhang: 290 mm - Max. distance table - drill spindle: 780 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 480 x 400 mm - Height adjustable via rack and pinion with hand crank - Drive: 400 V / 0.9 / 1.3 kW Dkjdpodkx Anofx Adrer - Space requirement, approx.: W 600 x H 2100 x D 900 mm - Weight, approx.: 420 kg - Includes: - Coolant system - Quick-change drill chuck 1-13 - Lighting

Condition: new, Technical data: Drilling capacity in steel: 50 mm Tapping capacity: M33 face milling cutter: 100 mm end mill: 25 mm spindle: MK 4 throat depth: 340 mm Speeds: (6) 50 - 1510 1/min quill stroke: 200 mm quill feed: 0,1 / 0,2 / 0,3 / 0,4 mm/rev table size: 820 x 240 mm traverse path X: 460 mm traverse path Y: 280 mm column diameter: 180 mm Number of T-slots: 4 T-slot size: 16 x 26 mm motor power: 3 kW Weight, approx.: 750 kg Equipment: - Cross table - thread tightening spindle - Thread cutting device - Automatic spindle feed - LED machine light - Rotatable table - Manual fine feed - Coolant device - Height adjustable protective cover - Limit switch protected spindle Dodpfepxmlqsx Adrekr

Condition: excellent (used), Normal drilling capacity 20 mm Continuous drilling capacity in St 60-2 / E 335 18 mm Spindle mount MK 2 10 spindle speeds 240 - 3800 rpm Drilling depth 100 mm Overhang 215 mm Distance spindle/table up to 360 mm Distance spindle/baseplate 560 mm Table surface 350 x 290 mm Column diameter 75 mm Motor with pole change 0.6/1.2 kW Overall height 1050 mm Weight 100 kg Current new price: €4,022.00 net Siegfried Volz Machine Tools Dkedpfx Aefzbkhjdrer Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 D-44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1982, machine/vehicle number: 340, Offer 25032 Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 50 mm - Maximum drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 65 mm - Thread cutting device up to: M 60 - Drill spindle taper: MK 5 - Drill spindle stroke: 240 mm - Throat depth: 400 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 720 x 560 mm - Max. distance table – drill spindle approx.: 850 mm - 4 feeds: 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 – 0.4 mm/rev - Feed gearbox infinitely variable with change gearbox - Spindle speeds infinitely variable: 40 - 1,600 rpm Dksdpfxoyk Dp Ns Adrer - Drive: 400 V / 5.5 kW - Space requirement approx.: W 850 x H 2,480 x D 1,350 mm - Weight approx.: 1,450 kg

Year of construction: 2003, condition: good (used), DS Technologie Scharmann ECOSPEED 2600/7800 5-axis high-performance machining center Dksdpfx Adsztl Hmsrjr The machine was specifically designed for the highly dynamic machining of large-format aluminum structural components and operates with the parallel kinematic Sprint-Z3 machining head. The machine concept combines two conventional linear axes with the three-axis parallel kinematic head to enable simultaneous 5-axis machining. Manufacturer: DS Technologie Werkzeugmaschinenbau GmbH Product line: Scharmann Machine type: ECOSPEED 2600/7800 Year of manufacture: 2003 Axes: 5 Machining head: Sprint Z3 Machining head kinematics: Parallel kinematics Motor spindle: 75 kW Spindle torque: 72 Nm Maximum spindle speed: 24,000 rpm Tool holder: HSK-A63 Maximum tool weight: 10 kg Maximum bending moment of tool: 350 Nm Tool balancing quality: G 6.3 Tool clamping: Hydraulic Hydraulic pressure for tool clamping: 120 bar Volume flow for tool clamping: 6.6 l/min Power of hydraulic unit for tool clamping: 1.5 kW Typical application: Structural components for the aerospace industry Mains connection: 3 AC 400 V Mains frequency: 50 Hz Nominal current main machine: 500 A Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK 840 D Tool magazine: Automatic tool magazine Tool change: Automatic Workpiece handling: Integrated large-format workpiece and transport system Machine design: Fully enclosed large machine Chip removal: Integrated Hydraulic unit: Knoll Hydraulik Systeme Operation: Stationary Siemens control panel with additional handheld device The Sprint-Z3 head has three parallel linear drives and enables translational and two rotational movements via the coupled movement of the parallel mechanism. Together with the two linear axes of the machine, the 5-axis kinematics of the ECOSPEED are created. We will be happy to provide further information, videos or drawings upon request.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 4,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 1,050 mm, feed length Z-axis: 200 mm, drilling capacity: 40 mm, quill stroke: 200 mm, quill diameter: 80 mm, Dimensions and Travel Ranges Tool holder: SK 40 Table dimensions: mm 4000 x 800 Number of T-slots: 6 T-slot spacing: mm 140 Distance: - Spindle bottom edge: min. mm 140 - Table top edge: max. mm 740 Boring radius: - min. mm 540 - max. mm 1590 Travel range U-axis: mm 2600 Travel range Y-axis: mm 1050 Quill stroke (Z-axis): mm 200 Column stroke (W-axis): mm 400 Dsdpfx Ajy Ttrtodrokr Machining Data Drilling performance in solid material: - St 60: mm 40 - GG 22: mm 50 Thread cutting: - St 60: M 36 - GG 22: M 42 Main spindle drive AC motor, frequency-controlled kW 5.5 at 100% duty cycle Speed range: min-1 15 - 2800 Torque: Nm max. 250 Constant from: min-1 15 - 200 Feed drives X-axis - AC servo motor kW 0.25 Y-axis - AC servo motor kW 0.25 Z-axis - AC servo motor kW 4.50 W-axis - AC servo motor kW 2.50 U-axis - AC servo motor kW 2.50 Rapid traverse speeds (X/Y/Z): m/min 7.5 / 7.5 / 5 Rapid traverse speeds (U/W): m/min 7.5 / 3 Feed rates, infinitely variable: mm/min 5 - 2000 Feed force: N 12000 Accuracy Positional accuracy X, Y axis at 1200 mm: mm ± 0.075 Repeatability X, Y axis: mm ± 0.03 Positional accuracy Z axis: mm ± 0.05 Repeatability Z axis: mm ± 0.03 Positional accuracy W axis: mm ± 0.05 Repeatability W axis: mm ± 0.03 Electrical data Operating voltage / frequency: V / Hz 400 / 50 Control voltage: V 24 Total connected load: kVA 13.0 CNC control Axes: 5 (X, Y, Z, W, U), expandable Screen: TFT flat screen, backlit, easily readable from all sides Position data: Cartesian or polar, dimensions absolute or incremental, Unit of measurement: mm or inch, or in degrees Interpolation: 2 axes (X, Y) Technology database: Tool management, tool suggestions according to machining process, material-dependent cutting data suggestions Tool management: max. 500 tools Subprogram technology: yes Machining cycles: Cycles for centering, drilling, threading, reaming, countersinking and boring, freely programmable cycle for special tools, dwell time possible in each cycle Chip breaking / chip removal: possible in drilling cycle Drilling patterns: Hole pattern, hole circle, matrix Basic software: Programming in dialog mode, 38 zero-point offsets, rotation and mirroring, teach-in for X, Y, Z, restart in program with selection functions for targeted entry Zero point determination: Cycles for determining zero points by manually probing the workpiece for: - any clamped rectangular parts - any clamped round parts - aligning cast and sintered parts - Angle detection for round parts by probing the reference edges or surfaces Data interfaces Paint finish with signs of use Standard paint finish, two-component textured paint Machine upper part: light grey RAL 7035 Machine lower part: light blue RAL 5012 Documentation Operating and programming manual Electrical wiring diagram Spare parts drawings Test report for mechanics, electrical system and safety devices

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40 mm throat 285 mm bore stroke 160 mm Spindle Speed 150-2.000 U/min. spindle taper MK4 column diameter 115 mm Dksdpfx Aozpzdaodrer total power requirement 1,5/2,2 kW weight of the machine ca. 275 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1000x700x1900 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 42411/405, drilling capacity: 32 mm, overall weight: 2,300 kg, High-speed radial drilling machine ALZRAPID 32 D in very good condition, taken from an operating production environment, including Heidenhain digital display ND 1202 R RADIAL-DRILL. The machine has been regularly maintained and inspected. *TOOLS SHOWN IN THE PICTURE ARE NOT INCLUDED.* Clamping surface: approx. 1200x830 mm Base plate: approx. 1200x830 mm Tool holder: MK 4 short spindle Drilling capacity steel / cast iron: 30 / 32 mm Spindle speeds: 12 steps from 102 to 2,000 rpm Spindle stroke (quill stroke): 150 mm Overhang: max. 725 mm Weight: 2300 kg Dkedpfjztkupsx Adrer

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, Professional and high-performance strapping machine from a renowned German manufacturer, with frame internal dimensions of approximately 500 mm wide x 400 mm high, designed for high speed and trouble-free operation. Equipped with an ergonomic and straightforward threading system and a quick-change system for strap coils. - Up to approximately 50 straps per minute. - Strap release via a robust foot pedal. - Strapping tension is continuously adjustable. Djdpfjztaa Isx Adrskr - Soft tensioning possible. - Automatic strap loop ejection when strapping is released without any packaged goods. - Wear-resistant strap guides with a quick-change system. - The machine is height-adjustable and can be moved using castors. - Documentation consisting of operating manual, parts lists, and circuit diagrams. The machine can be demonstrated while powered on.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2019, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 35,0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 40,0 mm threading M 24 in Stahl throat 320 mm Dkodpfexaabrjx Adrsr morse taper 4 MK bore stroke 160 mm turning speeds 65 - 3250 U/min table: 500 x 420 mm throat 320 mm weight 375 kg range L-W-H 600 x 870 x 2.170 mm 2019 showroom model (!!) Approx. 1 hour of operation Special price on request Furnishing: - Infinitely variable speed, ideal for - Set the desired cutting speed. - Automatic tool ejector and thread cutting device as standard - Electromechanical drilling feed, adjustable from 0.1 - 0.3 mm / rev - Solid gray cast iron table with rotating and swiveling support surface - T-slots in the machine base enable high workpieces to be clamped - Guaranteed concentricity 0.02 mm, measured in the quill - Hardened and ground gears ensure smooth running - Adjustable drilling depth stop with an easily readable scale Scope of delivery: - Key chuck 1 - 13 mm / B 16 - Drill chuck arbor MK 4 / B 16 - Reducing sleeve MT 4/3, MT 4/2 - coolant device - Thread cutting device - Electromagnetic spindle feed - Automatic tool ejector - LED machine light - First filling with Shell Tellus 46 - Digital speed display - Height-adjustable protective cover

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 30 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 150 mm cross-moving table 600 x 180 total power requirement 1,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,1 t Dkedpfxezmix He Adrer dimensions of the machine ca. 1,0 x 1,0 x 2,2 m

Condition: good (used), bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40.0 mm throat 293 mm bore stroke 140 mm Dedpfx Aezl E Uzodrokr morse taper 3 MK table: 510 x 360 mm turning speeds 160 - 2.250 U/min column diameter 115 mm total power requirement 1.45 / 1.90 kW weight 270 kg range L-W-H 500 x 800 x 1920 mm Features: - Heavy-duty column drill press - Infinitely variable speed control (V-belt) - Pole-changing motor - Fixed drilling depth stop - Machine table with 2 T-slots * height-adjustable via hand crank - Mushroom-head pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP - Reversing switch for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation - Foot switch for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation - User manual (PDF)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40.0 mm throat 293 mm bore stroke 140 mm morse taper 3 Kurzspindel MK table: 420 x 350 mm turning speeds 160 - 2250 U/min column diameter 115 mm throat 293 mm distance spindle /table min 117 / max 701 mm T-slots 2 x 14 x 224 total power requirement 1.45 / 1.90 kW weight 370 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1200 x 800 x 1840 mm Current list price ~ 12.500 euros Special price available upon request Features: - Sturdy column drill press (V-belt) - stepless speed adjustment - pole-changing drive motor Dedpfxozl E Uuo Adrekr - height-adjustable worktable * with 2 T-slots - R/L rotation of the drill spindle (reversing switch) - Main switch with motor protection switch - Mushroom-head pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP - Operating instructions (PDF)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 35.0 / 40.0 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 180 mm turning speeds 65.0 - 1.750 U/min table-size 615 x 420 mm column diameter 155 mm feed 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 mm/U spindle taper MT 4 MK engine output 0.9 / 1.5 kW weight 450 kg range L-W-H 800 x 650 x 1850 mm Features: - Heavy-duty column drill press - Continuously variable speed control (V-belt) - Automatic spindle feed Dksdpfx Ajzl E Uhjdrjr * with electromagnetic engagement - Pole-changing motor - Right/left rotation of the drill spindle - Fixed drilling depth stop - Machine table with 2 T-slots * Height-adjustable via hand crank - Emergency stop button on the front - User manual (PDF)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Boring power 35.0 / 40.0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 50.0 mm threading M 30 Dkodjzl E Ubopfx Adrsr bore stroke 150 mm Size of table plate 730 x 210 mm Center of spindle to wall or column 280 mm Speed 80.0 - 1.400 U/min distance spindle /table 85 - 755 mm spindle taper MT 4 MK column diameter 120 mm feed 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 mm/U voltage 400 V Motor output 1.3 / 2.3 KW weight of the machine ca. 350 kg range L-W-H 800 x 600 x 2020 mm Original price, including accessories: approx. 20.000 euros Special price available upon request Features: - Heavy-duty, versatile column drill press - Electric table height adjustment - Cross slide 730 x 210 mm ... with digital display - Machined base plate with T-slots - Automatic spindle feed - Fixed drilling depth stop - Stepless speed adjustment - Pole-changing motor - Thread-cutting device - Quick-release drill chuck with tapered shank - User manual (PDF)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40.0 mm throat 293 mm bore stroke 140 mm morse taper 3 MK table: 415 x 350 mm turning speeds 160 - 2.250 U/min column diameter 115 mm total power requirement 1.45 / 1.90 kW weight 285 kg range L-W-H 500 x 800 x 1920 mm Features: Dksdpjzl E T Rjfx Adrsr - Heavy-duty column drill press - Continuously variable speed control (V-belt) - Pole-changing motor - Fixed drilling depth stop - Machine table with 2 T-slots * Height-adjustable via hand crank - Mushroom-head pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP - Reversing switch for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation - User manual (PDF)