Used Pressix T50 Cnr4 for sale (538)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: limited functionality, power: 4 kW (5.44 HP), input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, pressing force: 50 t, stroke length: 100 mm, table width: 770 mm, table length: 530 mm, table height: 58 mm, ram plate width: 450 mm, ram plate length: 300 mm, distance table to ram: 275 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, Equipment: CE marking, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Press Model: T50 CNR4 Year of manufacture: 2000 Nominal force: 500 kN Mass: 3,500 kg Strokes per minute: 90 Max. insertions per minute: 41 Operating air pressure min./max.: 4 to 5.5 BAR Safety distance: 187 mm Adjustable stroke min./max.: 8 to 100 mm Ram adjustment: 70 mm High PMI adjustment: 280 mm Maximum extraction stroke: 30 mm Worktable surface: 770x530x58 mm Ram plate dimensions: 450x300 mm Distance table to ram: 275 mm Shank diameter: 45 mm Gjdpfxsy Etqao Anxeit Throat depth: 270 mm Max. die size: 450x300 mm

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Press Model: T65 CNR4 Year of manufacture: 2002 Nominal force: 500 kN Mass: 5,000 kg Strokes per minute: 73 Maximum insertions per minute: 36 Operating air pressure min./max.: 4–5.5 BAR Braking time: 0.154 s Safety distance: 246 mm Energy: 3440 KJ Adjustable stroke min./max.: 10–120 mm Ram adjustment: 100 mm High shut height adjustment: 320 mm Maximum extraction stroke: 40 mm Worktable surface: 820x580x68 mm Ram plate dimensions: 470x340 mm Distance between table and ram: 280 mm Shank diameter: 45 mm Slide from center: 280 mm Maximum die dimensions: 470x340 mm Upper die weight: 136 kg Voltage: 400 V Hydraulic overload protection Supplied with instruction manual and CE conformity Mechanical warranty: six (6) months Electrical panel warranty: twelve (12) months Gjdpfxjx Ura Ss Anxsit NEWLY INSTALLED COMPONENTS: • Motor bearings; • Flywheel bearings; • Swivel joint bearings; • Countershaft bearings; • Clutch plates; • Clutch pins and flanges; • Clutch seals; • Hydraulic overload seal; • Hydraulic overload hose; • Equalizer cylinder seals; • Air gauges; • Front and side safety guards with safety keys; • Worktable reground on CNC machine; • Foot pedal; • Electrical panel with remote support.

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Press Model: T100 CNR4 Year of manufacture: 2002 Nominal force: 1000 kN Weight: 7,000 kg Strokes per minute: 65 Maximum insertions per minute: 22 Operating air pressure min./max.: 4–5.5 BAR Stopping time: 0.195 s Safety distance: 312 mm Energy: 8493 KJ Adjustable stroke min./max.: 10–130 mm Gsdpfxey D R N Rj Anxoit Ram adjustment: 100 mm P.M.I high adjustment: 370 mm Maximum extraction stroke: 55 mm Worktable surface: 950x660x68 mm Ram plate dimensions: 540x450 mm Shank diameter: 60 mm Projection from center: 330 mm Max. die size: 540x450 mm Upper die weight: 180 kg Voltage: 400 V Hydraulic overload Complete with user manual and CE declaration of conformity Mechanical warranty: six (6) months Electrical panel warranty: twelve (12) months NEWLY INSTALLED COMPONENTS: • Motor • Flywheel bearings • Rotary joint bearings • Countershaft bearings • Clutch plates • Clutch pins and flanges • Clutch seals • Hydraulic overload seal • Hydraulic overload hose • Oil pump guide pressure gauge • Oil pump guide float • Hydraulic overload pump • Air pressure switch • Front and side safety guards with safety interlock keys • Worktable surface reconditioned on CNC machine • Foot pedal control • Electrical panel with remote assistance

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, This PRESSIX Pressix 25 CNR 4 was manufactured in 2012. Ideal for high-precision stamping, blanking, and continuous strip processing, it includes a manual decoiler, servo roller feeder G+K WVS/L 150, and a motorized recoiler. Consider the opportunity to buy this PRESSIX Pressix 25 CNR 4 mechanical stamping press. Contact us for more information. Godpex E Ea Hefx Anxsit • Suitable for: High-precision stamping, blanking, washers, discs, continuous strip processing Additional equipment • Manual decoiler • Servo roller feeder: G+K WVS/L 150 • Motorized recoiler

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, machine/vehicle number: 65/2/158/02, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 65 t, stroke length: 120 mm, table length: 580 mm, throat depth: 280 mm, total width: 820 mm, punching force: 65 t, Used 65ton mechanical power press for sale Video at the bottom of this listing MODEL 65 CNR 4 SERIAL N° 65/2/158/02 NOMINAL FORCE (Max stroke) 650 [ KN] MACHINE WEIGHT 5000 [ daN] NOMINAL SPEED 73 [ C/min ] VARIABLE SPEED MIN/MAX [ C/min ] Gjdoxqn Unopfx Anxeit MAXIMUM CLUTCH ENGAGEMENTS 36 [ C/min ] CLUTCH PRESSURE MIN/MAX 4 / 5,5 [ bar) MAXIMUM STOPPING TIME 0,154 SAFETY DISTANCE 246 [ mm ] FLYWHEEL ENERGY 3440 [ KJ] STROKE LENGTH MIN/MAX 10 / 120 [ mm ] RAM ADJUSTMENT 100 [ mm ] SHUT HEIGHT S.D.A.U. 320 [ mm ] MAXIMUM EJECTOR STROKE 40 [ mm] TABLE SIZE 68 / 580 / 820 [ mm ] RAM SIZE 340/ 470 [mm] TOOL SPIGOT DIA 45 [ mm ] THROAT DEPTH 280 [ mm ] MAX TOOL SIZE 340 / 470 [ mm ] MAX TOP TOOL WEIGHT 136 [ daN]

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 2,900 kg, input voltage: 400 V, power: 4 kW (5.44 HP), type of input current: three-phase, Eccentric press PRESSIX 40T Model 40CNV4 Serial No 40/2/88/03 Gisdpfx Aeyn Rhyjnxot MAchine weight _ 2900 kg Inverter for speed change. Variable speed 60/180 rpm High number of strokes per minute Slider with 4 bronze guides Automatic and centralized lubrication Hydraulic release Pneumatic clutch-brake group Adjustable stroke length using a toothed ring Balancing cylinders Slider adjustment mm 70 Closing height mm 240 Table surface mm 480 x 650x53 Table opening mm 120 Slider surface mm 300 x 370 Hole in the slider mm 50 Power kW 4 User manual and electrical installation in English. Machine in excellent condition. Used for small batches of automatic production. Total: 6,500,000 strokes Programs: tool adjustment, semi-automatic work, auto, automatic work, two-handed work, work with a pedal, turning the mortar in the opposite direction Dismantling and loading are charged additionally

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Press Model: T160 CNR6 Serial number: 160/0/46/00 Year of construction: 2000 Nominal force: 1600 kN Weight: 13,800 kg Nominal number of strokes: 55 C/min. Min./max. number of strokes: 10/55 C/min. Max. number of insertions: 17 C/min. Min./max. clutch pressure: BAR 4.0÷5.5 Max. stop time: 0.22 s Safety distance: 355 mm. Energy (i=15% nominal strokes): 14,500 KJ Min./max. stroke: 10/200 mm Ram adjustment: 110 mm. PMI high adjustment: 430 mm Maximum extraction stroke: 60 mm Work surface dimensions (H, D, L): 78/750/1250 mm Ram dimensions (D, L): 600/850 Shank diameter: 60 mm Protrusion from the center: 370 mm Maximum mold size: 600/850 mm Gsdowaiw Sjpfx Anxjit Maximum mold head weight: 344 daN Operating air pressure: BAR 5.5÷6 Stop position: TDC Voltage: V 380 Frequency: 50Hz Auxiliary voltage: V 24 NEW COMPONENTS INSTALLED: • Safety guards with safety keys; • Clutch plates; • Clutch pins and brite; • Flywheel bearings; • Flywheel oil seals; • Stroke change nose; • Balancing cylinder gasket kit; • Air pressure gauges; • Electrical panel; • Inverter (speed variator); • Motor; • Motor pulley; • Work surface revived on CNC machine Supplied with six (6) months warranty, technical documentation and CE conformity Twelve (12) months electrical panel warranty.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, Mechanical stamping press manufactured in 2002. This PRESSIX 160 CNR 6 features a capacity of 160 tons and an adjustable stroke ranging from 20 to 200 mm. It operates at a speed of 20 to 70 strokes per minute and includes a motorized slide adjustment of 100 mm. The table dimensions are 1100 x 700 mm, providing ample workspace. If you are looking to get high-quality stamping capabilities, consider the PRESSIX 160 CNR 6 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Stroke: adjustable 20–200 mm • Speed: 20–70 strokes/min (variable) • Slide adjustment: 100 mm (motorized) • Table dimensions: 1100 x 700 mm • Slide dimensions: 750 x 500 mm • Shut height: max 550 mm • Clutch/brake: pneumatic combination • Safety: hydraulic overload protection • Lubrication: automatic centralized oil Gjdpfxjym Dmgj Anxeit Technical Specification Stamping Force 1600 Kn

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, type of input current: AC, product width (max.): 400 mm, input voltage: 230 V, Minipack Pratika 55 Smart TSG Gjdpfxsx Ttkpo Anxjit The Minipack Pratika 55 Smart TSG is a fully automatic packaging machine with integrated shrink tunnel and modern PLC control system. – Fully automatic packaging machine with integrated shrink tunnel – Electric servo motor for sealing bars – Electric, non-pneumatic feeding system – Power supply: 400 V, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase (inverter) – Maximum installed power: 9 kW (400 V) – Maximum current consumption: 15 A (400 V) – Hourly output: 0–1,200 packs/h – Maximum product dimensions: 400 × 420 × 120 mm – Maximum film roll size: Ø 250 × 600 mm – Conveyor belt height: 870 mm (standard) – Machine dimensions (door open): 2,240 × 1,625 × 2,372 mm – Machine dimensions (door closed): 1,325 × 1,625 × 2,372 mm – Machine packing dimensions: 1,440 × 1,990 × 2,950 mm – Weight (net/gross): 730 / 865 kg – Machine color: RAL 7035

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, MITRE SAW , orientable +/-45° model OMGA T50 350 with dust aspirator second hand machine working conditions : Excellent CE regulation : Yes with extractor cabinet ( dust aspirator ) with flat diagram extensions Technical data : volt. 380/50 engine power Hp 3 ( kw 2,2) Gsdpfxem Ak Els Anxsit blade diameter mm. 350 with 90° blade : max height cut mm. 110 width max. cut mm. 130 with 45° blade : max. height cut mm. 110 max. width cut mm. 92 machine weight kg. 90 extractor cabinet weight kg. 50

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: 19085, Falzmaschine - Folding machine Stahl T50/4-4-SAK66Year 1991 - Serial-No. 44429/91-184041 Folding Size min. 100 x 150mm Folding Size max. 500 x 820mm Folding Type: 1. Unit 4 Buckles - folding width 500mm 2. Unit 4 Buckles - folding width 500mm Pile height max. 690mm Stream delivery SAK 66 Include Compressor Counter - Control PCS 100 Manuals Included Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Available Immediately - Can be inspect On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test Gsdpfx Ajh Axvcenxeit

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: P43058, total length: 6,060 mm, total width: 2,440 mm, total height: 2,590 mm, 2017 GASCON 20FT ISO GAS tank container, 24,959L T50 Gisdpfxsyn Ifpe Anxjt UN PORTABLE Bottom discharge MAWP: 15.1 bar, test pressure: 20.1 bar Design temperature: -40/+55°C 5Y + CSC inspection valid until 06-2028 = Further information = General information Year of manufacture: March 2017 Model year: 2017 Material suitable for: Gas Weights Tare weight: 5,750 kg Payload: 31,250 kg gross vehicle weight: 36,000 kg Functional Cargo space capacity: 25,000 l Superstructure brand: CIMC 2016, 20FT, 25,000L, L4BN, UN Portable, T11, steam heating, bottom discharge, 5Y: 10/2022 Number of compartments: 1 Condition Technical condition: very good Optical condition: very good More information Please contact Arne Honingh for more information.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: P43056, total length: 6,060 mm, total width: 2,440 mm, total height: 2,590 mm, 2016, 20FT GASCON tank container, 24,914 L, T50, UN portable, bottom discharge, MAWP: 15.1 bar, test pressure: 20.1 bar Design temperature: -40/+55°C = Further Information = General Information Year of manufacture: Dec. 2016 Model year: 2016 Permissible material: Gas Weights Tare weight: 5,750 kg Payload: 31,250 kg Gross weight: 36,000 kg Functional Cargo compartment capacity: 25,000 l Body brand: CIMC 2016, 20FT, 25,000L, L4BN, UN Portable, T11, steam heating, bottom discharge, 5Y: 10/2022 Number of compartments: 1 Condition Gjdpfsyn Eubox Anxsit Technical condition: very good Visual condition: very good Further Information Please contact Arne Honingh for more information.

Year of construction: 1985, condition: excellent (used), Table: 1100X900mm, 4 speeds: 3000, 5000, 6000, 10000 rpm, Gsdpjiu Awxofx Anxoit Spindle fi 50 5.5 kW motor 3 roll feed, Possibility to sell without feed at a lower price

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS: ROSS Press Model: T50 Nominal force: kN 500 Min./max. slide stroke: mm 8÷100 Max. slide adjustment closed height: 70/275 Speed: c/min. 90 Clutch pressure: Bar 5.5 Motor frequency (Hz) / speed (r/min): 50/1410 Work surface size: L=650 x D=520; Shank hole: Ø50 Protrusion at the center of the ram: mm 260 Front passage: mm 290 Machine stop: PMS (top dead center) Complete with user manual and CE conformity Gedsu Rdw Hspfx Anxjit Six (6) month warranty excluding electronic parts. NEW COMPONENTS INSTALLED: • Safety guards with safety keys; • Motor bearings; • Electrical panel; • Brake/clutch group; • Two-hand control; • Pedal; • Air regulator; • Plan revived on CNC machine

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Screen drums – highest quality across Europe – compatible with all common screening machines Godpfx Ansxq Nylexsit We offer screen drums in top European quality, suitable for the following models: Doppstadt SM 314 / SM 414 / SM 518 / SM 618 / SM 620 / SM 720 / SM 725, Terra Select T4 – T7, Komptech Maxx, Mustang, Nemus, Cribus, Pronar, Terex, Neuenhauser, and many other types. Technical features & designs Manufactured according to your individual specifications Perforation: variable, round or square Arrangement: staggered or straight Minimal webs for maximum screening performance Welded-in spiral for optimal material transport Various material thicknesses available Sharp-edged perforated sheets made from high-grade special steel Your benefits Top quality throughout Europe Many models available immediately from stock Delivery within Germany (EU-wide delivery on request) Short lead times and fair prices Contact us for your individual offer!

Condition: new, For sale: brand new KSB Etanorm SYT 50-32-250 centrifugal pump, supplied complete with 11 kW motor, mounted on a robust steel frame. The unit is factory new, year of manufacture 2023, from the renowned German manufacturer KSB – Made in Germany. The pump comes from surplus stock and has never been installed or used. KSB Etanorm series pumps are among the most widely used industrial pumps for applications such as: • Industrial systems • Process engineering • District heating • Industrial water installations • Cooling systems • HVAC installations Robust construction and high-quality workmanship. Technical Data • Manufacturer: KSB • Model: Etanorm SYT 50-32-250 • Type: ETNY050-032-250 SG DB08LD20110 • Year of manufacture: 2023 • Flow rate: Q 11 m³/h • Head: H 74 m • Impeller diameter: Ø 229 mm • Rotational speed: 2977 rpm Motor • Power: 11 kW • Power supply: 380 / 400 / 415 V • Speed: approx. 2950 rpm • Protection class: IP55 Godpfoyt Ikpox Anxeit • Insulation class: F The pump is mounted on a robust steel transport base.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 6309 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE PLANER: - shaft width: 510 mm - 3-knife cutterblock - adjustable tilting fence - table length: 1910 mm - both tables adjustable THICKNESSER: - max thickness of processed element: 200 mm - thicknesser cutterblock guard from above: - anti-kickback fingers - geared feed roller - planing cutterblock - smooth outfeed roller - stepless feed speed adjustment: 7–14 m/min - main motor approx. 4 kW - cutterblock speed: 3000/6000 rpm - dimensions (LxWxH): 1910x870x970 mm - weight: 780 kg – Italian manufacture – Very good condition, used machine Godpfx Ajyyymkenxeit Net price: PLN 14,500 Net price: EUR 3,450 Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (price may change in case of major exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: good (used), MBO T500F Folding Machine Gisdpsyy Ri Njfx Anxst Machine in very good condition, ready to work. Minimum paper size: 105 x 150 mm Maximum paper size: 520 x 720 mm High stack feeding 4 cassettes with micro-adjustment and cutting Casket and compressor noise reduction Electronic counter with batching Electric delivery Machine in very good condition, ready to work.

Condition: good (used), I am offering an industrial vertical pump from the renowned German brand ALLWEILER GmbH – model NLT 50-200. This pump is designed for continuous operation in industrial, water, and process installations. The equipment is fully complete with an electric motor. Condition: used – visible signs of storage and slight surface corrosion. ⚙️ Technical data Manufacturer: ALLWEILER (Germany) Giodpfx Aeyxtfwsnxst Model: NLT 50-200 Year of manufacture: 2014 Capacity: 75 m³/h Head: 48 m Rotational speed: 2900 rpm Motor power: 11.6 kW Power supply: 400V (50 Hz) 460V (60 Hz) Connection diameter: approx. 65 mm Design: vertical (vertical inline pump) ✅ Technical condition complete pump with motor no visible mechanical damage rotates freely visual condition as shown in the pictures (storage marks, surface rust)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, Fröling Turbomat 500 – Wood Chip Biomass Boiler (2009) ⚙️ Technical Data • Model: Fröling Turbomat 500 • Year of manufacture: 2009 • Rated output: 450 kW (W40) • Maximum output: 495 kW • Water capacity: 750 liters • Operating pressure: 6 bar • Max. temperature: 110 °C • Weight: approx. 6,800 kg • Manufacturer: Fröling Heizkessel- und Behälterbau GmbH – Austria ⸻ 🔩 Key Features • Fully automatic ash removal and heat exchanger cleaning • Four-layer, refractory high-temperature combustion chamber with chamotte lining • Water-cooled feed channel – suitable for fuels with higher moisture content • Stoker grate with continuous, efficient fuel combustion • Lambda control system with multi-zone air management and low emissions • Automatic draft and induction fan control • Heavy-duty industrial construction, maintenance-friendly design • Fuels: Wood chips (G30–G50), pellets, sawdust, biomass ⸻ 💡 Advantages • High efficiency, fully automatic operation • Low maintenance requirements, long service life • Reliable performance even with fuels with higher moisture content • Ideal for industrial and municipal heating systems ⸻ 📍 Location: Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary TOP HEATING SYSTEMS – Used heating systems, boilers, heat pumps & accessories direct from stock We are a family business with around 20 years’ experience in the heating technology sector. We have a 1,500 m² warehouse in Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary, with a continuously available stock of approximately 50–60 units. 📍 Location: Our warehouse is located in Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary – about 15 km from the Austrian border and approx. 80 km from Vienna. Mosonmagyaróvár is the first major town on the Hungarian side after the Austrian border. 🔥 Our product range includes: • Wood chip boilers • Pellet boilers • Log wood gasification boilers • Log wood boilers • Biomass boilers • Oil and gas boilers • Heat pumps • Thermoventilators • Hot air blowers • Warm air heaters • Industrial heating systems • Buffer tanks • Heat exchangers • Auger conveyors • Discharge systems • Burners • Pumps • Comprehensive heating accessories ⚙️ Accessories and Components: We also carry a large selection of accessories, including circulation pumps, plate heat exchangers, and many other components – from residential to industrial solutions. 🏭 Brands in our range: Fröling, Hargassner, KWB, HDG, Binder, ETA, Herz, Guntamatic, Windhager, Viessmann, Buderus and many more. Gsdoxmrwfepfx Anxjit 🌐 Current Offers: Most of our current offers can be found on our website: topheatingsystems.com In addition, we have further units available that are not yet listed online. 📅 Viewing: Viewings at our warehouse are available by prior appointment. If you are interested, please contact us – we will be happy to help you find the right solution.

Condition: excellent (used), Multisaw ZLT 500 edger with 500/120 feeders – Czech production – a movable shield with the possibility of installing several shields TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: cutting width 500 mm cutting height 120 mm min. material length 800 mm max. disc diameter 450 mm one disc movable sleeve 70 mm fixed sleeve length 100 mm engine power 45 kW two upper pressing rollers four lower pulling ones feed smoothly adjustable on the inverter shaft support two rows of pawls max material width 700 mm length of feed rollers 3000 mm roll width 700 mm roll diameter 70 mm Giedpfxsma Dkfj Anxot receiving table 6200 mm chain width 60mm seven pressure rollers two bottom pull rollers transport dimensions (length / width / height) 700 / 245 / 180 cm weight 3000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, Lifting table with roller conveyor and hydraulic unit Manual control Lifting capacity: 5000 kg platform length: 6700 mm Gisdpfxeymz Sgj Anxst platform width: 1500 mm Overall height: 630 mm Maximum height: 2200 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: N07/09, !!! SALE TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER !!! MBO Folding Machine T500-1-500/4F – 4 Buckle Plates – Industrial Folding Machine For sale is a folding machine manufactured by MBO Group, model T500-1-500/4F. This machine is ideally suited for print shops, lettershops, and finishing operations for the folding of brochures, leaflets, inserts, and other printed products. The robust construction of MBO folding machines ensures precise folding results, high reliability, and durable industrial quality. The buckle plate system enables a wide range of fold types to be carried out quickly and efficiently. Technical Data Manufacturer: MBO Group Model: T500-1-500/4F Machine Number: N07/09 Wiring Diagram: 35.1901.14 Folding System: Buckle Plate Folding Machine Number of Buckle Plates: 4 Max. Working Width: approx. 500 mm Gisdpfxsyuc Ryj Anxot Application Area: Folding of printed products Possible Applications Brochures Flyers Inserts Folders Multi-page printed materials Condition Used, condition appropriate to age. Inspection Inspection of the machine possible by appointment. Further information available upon request.

Condition: good (used), Welding rotary table KT 500, with 100mm through hole Load horizontal 500 KG, tilted 250 KG Power consumption AC 380V, 50 Hz Rotary motor AC 400W table diameter 700mm Gijdpfx Ajb U Havjnxjt height 700mm, width 800mm, length 800mm Weight 155 KG Tilt range stepless electric 0 - 90 speed 0,3 - 2,5 rpm Welding current transmission max. 500 A Incl. hand remote control foot remote control Surcharge: Quick clamping - jaw chuck Diameter 400mm, 530.-€ CE-sign/approval