Used Tracked Tractors for sale (7,869)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2024, A crawler mobile stone crusher is a mobile crushing device that has a tracked chassis, which allows it to move around the site and be transported from one location to another. This type of crusher is generally used in areas where there are space restrictions and the stones need to be crushed directly at the site, making it a versatile and flexible option for various applications. Here are some key features and aspects of crawler mobile stone crushers: 1. Mobility: - The primary advantage of a crawler mobile stone crusher is its mobility. The tracked chassis enables it to move easily on different types of terrain, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including construction sites, quarries, and demolition projects. 2. Crushing Mechanism: - Crawler mobile stone crushers are equipped with a primary crusher to break down the large rocks into smaller pieces. Common types of primary crushers include jaw crushers, impact crushers, or cone crushers. 3. Versatility: - These crushers are versatile and can handle various types of materials, including hard rocks, ores, and recycled concrete. They can be used for primary, secondary, or tertiary crushing depending on the specific requirements of the application. 4. Remote Control Operation: - Many crawler mobile crushers are equipped with remote control systems, allowing operators to control the equipment from a distance. This feature enhances safety and efficiency, especially in challenging or hazardous environments. 5. Compact Design: - Crawler mobile stone crushers typically have a compact design, making them suitable for working in confined spaces or on construction sites with limited available space. 6. Hydraulic System: - The crushers are often equipped with a hydraulic system to facilitate quick and easy adjustment of the crusher settings. This includes adjusting the crusher's discharge opening and controlling the feed rate. 7. High Production Capacity: - Despite their compact design, crawler mobile stone crushers can have high production capacities. This is crucial for efficiently processing large volumes of material on construction sites or in mining operations. 8. Screening Unit (Optional): - Some crawler mobile crushers come with an integrated screening unit, allowing the production of multiple particle sizes in a single pass. This can be particularly useful in applications where a specific range of sizes is required. 9. Power Source: - Crawler mobile stone crushers are typically powered by diesel engines, providing the flexibility to operate in remote areas where electrical power may not be readily available. Ijdpfjq Nxpgjx Ab Ioa 10. Easy Maintenance: - Many crawler mobile crushers are designed with ease of maintenance in mind, with features such as access panels and service points to simplify routine inspections and repairs. Crawler mobile stone crushers have become popular in the construction and mining industries due to their flexibility, mobility, and ability to crush a variety of materials on-site. They offer a solution for efficient and convenient mobile crushing operations in diverse working environments.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 3 h, overall weight: 7,000 kg, empty load weight: 3,500 kg, maximum load weight: 3,500 kg, color: white, Equipment: documentation/manual, rubber tracks, Very little used machine. Iedpsw Hggqofx Ab Ija

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, FTS 15-60 is a compact and heavy steel structured trucked plant with three-decks screen. Also integrated with tracked moving system and robust structure. Works via conveyor belt system. The fully electrically driven plant is designed in a variety for maximum capacities and suitable for feeding materials with a maximum edge length of 200 mm. All functions, as well as subsequent and previous crushing plants, conveyor belts, etc. are electrically lockable. • Production capacity: 500-600 TPH • Screen dimension: 1550x6100mm • Mobile three-decks screen • Diesel electric drive Iedpfx Ajxb Db Eeb Ioa • Classifier screen plant up to 4 final fraction sizes Maximum feeding size 100 x 160 mm

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 360 kW (489.46 HP), Year of construction: 2025, *All of our products are made with care and covered for 1 year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training FREE Fabo tracked impact crusher FTI-110s is a complete mobile system which moves on hydraulicly driven tracked system with 1 km/h speed and combination of a vibrated grizzly feeder, an Impact crusher, foldable stockpile conveyors, control unit and electric generator. In today's conditions and technological processes, businesses are beginning to think about how to make their field of activity more efficient. As they make it more efficient, they always take into consideration factors such as the operationality of the machines they use, their low cost and staffing needs. Our Tracked Crushers can crush with high performance even on the most demanding mine sites with its specially designed body and compact structure. Customization can be done to our tracked systems by Jaw Crusher, Primary and Secondary Impact or Cone Crusher. Advantages of Tracked Crushers; -Heavy-duty walking trackes can reach places where ordinary machines can not reach. -It has the appropriate dimensions and sound level to crush construction waste in the city. -The fuel consumption of the generator and walking track units are very economical. -System maintenance and management is very easy with latest technology control software. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Model: FTI-110s Production Capacity: 200-240 tons per hour Maximum Feeding: 500 mm Crusher Type: Impact Crusher SIZE: 1000x1000 mm Ijdpewnw Dvefx Ab Iea CSS Setting: 0-50 mm Total Power: 360 kva Vibrating Screen: 1500x2700 mm Weight: 40 tons Dimensions: 2900x3180x14760mm - Low investment and operation cost – Zero substructure preparation – Easiness at usage and maintenance – Easy assembly and disassembly FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US!!!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, *All of our products are made with care and covered for 1 year warranty! *Installation and Operator Training FREE Fabo tracked impact crusher FTI-130s is a complete mobile system which moves on hydraulicly driven tracked system with 1 km/h speed and combination of a vibrated grizzly feeder, an Impact crusher, foldable stockpile conveyors, control unit and electric generator. In today's conditions and technological processes, businesses are beginning to think about how to make their field of activity more efficient. As they make it more efficient, they always take into consideration factors such as the operationality of the machines they use, their low cost and staffing needs. Our Tracked Crushers can crush with high performance even on the most demanding mine sites with its specially designed body and compact structure. Customization can be done to our tracked systems by Jaw Crusher, Primary and Secondary Impact or Cone Crusher. Advantages of Tracked Crushers; -Heavy-duty walking tracks can reach places where ordinary machines can not reach. -It has the appropriate dimensions and sound level to crush construction waste in the city. -The fuel consumption of the generator and walking track units are very economical. -System maintenance and management is very easy with latest technology control software. Iodpsvguudjfx Ab Iea TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Dqqzvj Model: FTI-130s Production Capacity: 400-450 tons per hour Maximum Feeding: 500 mm Crusher Type: Impact Crusher SIZE: 1270x1200 mm CSS Setting: 0-50 mm Total Power: 500 kva Vibrating Screen: 1500x4200 mm Weight: 63 tons - Low investment and operation cost – Zero substructure preparation – Easiness at usage and maintenance – Easy assembly and disassembly FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL US!!!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, machine/vehicle number: 452434, mast type: telescopic, fuel type: diesel, Empty weight: 15.300 kg Lifting capacity: 200 kg Working height: 2.300 cm Front tyres / undercarriage remaining: 0 Rear tyres remaining : 0 Tyre brand: - Max. horizontal reach: 1900 m Transport dimensions (LxWxH): 9.6x2.45x2.6 Please contact PFEIFER GROUP for more information Iedpfx Astr Nq Asb Ija

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, fuel type: diesel, operation weight: 27,000 kg, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 8,700 h, Powerscreen Chieftain 1400, double deck screener on tracks double deck - 3 products 8700 hours 2005 year Top deck area 3500x1520 mm Bottom deck area 3900x1520 mm 3-way Engine Deutz 1012c Weight 27 tons Machine after complete overhaul, 100% ready to work Isdpfx Aexz Rf Rob Isa Machine sand blasted and painted We can arrange shipping to any place in the world Machine in very good working condition

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7547 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 300 mm Roll working width: 290 mm Max. disc diameter: 300 mm Disc bore diameter: 70 mm Max. cutting height: 100 mm Table width with extension: 680 mm Table length: 1630 mm *From above: 2 rows of pawls Metal pressure slip roller Roller with saws 2 smooth metal pressure slip rollers From below: Guide rail Pawls Iedpevx N Ucofx Ab Ija Track Electric height adjustment of main body (up/down) Central track lubrication 2 feed speed modes Feed motor: 1.1 kW Main motor: 22 kW Extraction nozzle diameter: 130 mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2000x1400x1700 mm Weight approx.: 900 kg – Italian manufacture – Very good condition – Used multi-blade saw Net price: 34,900 PLN Net price: 8,300 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR rate) (Prices may vary according to rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 12,405 h, 2011 | Komatsu PC228US-LC-8 | Used Tracked Excavator | 12405 hours 📍Location: Austria, Eberdorf 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 29900 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 62 inspection points 45 approved ✅ 16 imperfect ℹ️ 1 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: The hours and condition may vary as the machine is still working. Active service codes, operational, but needs attention 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39586 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed Iodpfxoxzlnyo Ab Ija ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 3,193 h, machine/vehicle number: MST2200VD, USED MOROOKA CRAWLER DUMPER MODEL : MST2200VD SERIAL #223773 Ijdpfevumg Iex Ab Ioa YEAR : 2020 HOUR : 3193

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 7,690 h, Serial number: 5xxxx Please contact ATS Norway for more information Please provide reference number upon request: 21905 Specifications: Model year: 2008 Hours: approx. 7,690 71 kW 14,800 kg Undercarriage (see photos) Gjerstad S60 quick coupler Engcon rotor tilt Digging bucket Grading bucket Track width: approx. 60 cm Machine width: approx. 260 cm Blade Central lubrication Extra work lights Radio/CD Air conditioning Description:Doosan DX140LC tracked excavator with approx. 7,690 hours.Comes with Engcon tilt, digging bucket, and grading bucket.One track has been replaced and the other will be replaced before sale.Can be delivered at short notice. Isdpfx Aboxzyhhs Iea Hours: 7690 Own weight: 14800 Width: 260 Kw: 71 Model: DX140LC Beltegraver m/ Engcon tilt og 2 skuffer. Nye belter.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, operation weight: 27,000 kg, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 890 h, Powerscreen Chieftain 1400 tracked screener 2D - 3 products Only 890 hours!! 2022 year Top deck area 3400x1350 mm Bottom deck area 3000x1350 mm Fitted with tipping grid Fitted with overband magnet - 400 Gauss 3-way Engine CAT C4.4 Weight 27 tons We can arrange shipping to any place in the world Machine in very good working condition, like NEW Isdpfexqw U Rsx Ab Isa

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7805 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 340 mm - Roller width: 340 mm - Disc arbor diameter: 80 mm - Installed discs on upper shaft: 350 mm - Installed discs on lower shaft: 300 mm - Max cutting height: 200 mm - Min length of processed material: 700 mm – From above - 2 rows of kickback fingers - Smooth, slip, pressure shaft - Kickback fingers - 2 smooth, slip, pressure shafts - Saw shaft - 3 smooth pressure rollers – From below - Track conveyor - Saw shaft - Track conveyor - Infinitely variable feed speed adjustment - Main motors: 2 x approx. 55 kW - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric up/down elevation of the main body - Manual adjustment of saw shafts - Central lubrication - Extraction port diameter: 2 x 200 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2700 x 1800 x 2150 mm - Weight: approx. 5,000 kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Double-shaft design – 2 x 55 kW motors – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: 178,900 PLN Net price: 42,590 EUR (at 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices subject to change with significant rate fluctuations) Iedpfx Aboxvb Sdo Isa

Condition: used, operating hours: 22,327 h, Fiat-Hitachi Fh 220 | Used Tracked Excavator | 22327 hours 📍Location: Germany, Meppen 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 15000 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* Isdpfxjxyl Iwj Ab Ija 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 63 inspection points 37 approved ✅ 19 imperfect ℹ️ 7 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Heavily used machine. Air conditioning not available. Windshield wiper is defective. Ventilation of the hydraulic oil is defective. Operating hour meter is defective; no reliable information available. Track shoes can be cut at an additional cost to reduce transport width. The year of construction is unknown and cannot be verified. The operation manual states 1980 or 1990, but this cannot be confirmed. The operating hour meter is from another machine, the displayed hours are incorrect. The machine has possibly between 20,000 and 30,000 hours. The cabin has been replaced and is not original. 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39638 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 3,542 h, machine/vehicle number: 30233, USED MOROOKA CRAWLER DUMPER MODEL : MST3000VD SERIAL #30233 YEAR : 2020 HOUR : 3542 Ijdevumh Eopfx Ab Ija

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, operating hours: 8,670 h, Serial number: DCH21Bxxxx Please contact ATS Norway for more information Please provide reference number upon request: 21904 Specifications: Certified until 09/2026 Model year: 2001 Hours: approx. 8,670 105 kW Weight: approx. 20,900 kg New complete undercarriage, approx. 150 hours of use Grading bucket Hydraulic grading bucket Klepp S70 quick coupler Track width: approx. 70 cm Machine width: approx. 310 cm New LED lights Radio/CD Climate control/AC Isdpfx Aoxzyg Rob Ija Description:Well-maintained Case CX210 tracked excavator for sale with hydraulic grading bucket.Comes with a completely new undercarriage including new idlers, approx. 150 hours since replacement.Delivered originally with rotation hydraulics, 2 pedals and 5 hoses on the stick.Both lift cylinders have been resealed.Recently received a major service with all filters and oils replaced.A lightly used toothed bucket can be included for an additional cost.The machine is certified and ready for operation.Can be delivered on short notice.See video. Hours: 8670 Own weight: 20900 Width: 310 Kw: 105 Model: CX210 Beltegraver m/ tilt og pusseskuffe. SE VIDEO

Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 6,100 h, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, For sale: Powerscreen Premiertrak 400 HA jaw crusher (hard rock version) in excellent technical condition. The machine is equipped with the HA (Hydraulic Adjustment) system, which allows for easy and fast hydraulic adjustment of the jaw gap—greatly simplifying operation and minimizing downtime. Regularly serviced, fully operational, and ready for immediate use, even in demanding conditions (river cobble, granite, concrete, demolition waste). Technical data: - Brand: Powerscreen - Model: Premiertrak 400 - Version: HA (for hard rock) - Year of manufacture: 2016 - Hours: 6,100 Mth - Jaw inlet: 1,100 x 700 mm - Engine: Scania DC9 – 9.3L, 257 kW (350 HP) Iodpexva Evjfx Ab Ija - Capacity: up to 400 t/h (material dependent) - Weight: approx. 46 tonnes - Stepped grizzly vibrating feeder - Fines side conveyor (for scalping fines) - Overband magnet separator Machine after full service inspection, ready for immediate deployment on site.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7548 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 250 mm Shaft width: 250 mm Max saw blade diameter: 350 mm Saw blade bore diameter: 80 mm Max cutting height: 120 mm Table width with gap: 700 mm Table length: 1790 mm *From above: Ratcheting pawls Pressure roller, smooth Ratcheting pawls Pressure roller, smooth Iodpfx Aovx Rcusb Isa Shaft with sawblades Smooth pressure rollers: 2 pcs From below: Guide Smooth sliding roller Ratcheting pawls Track Central lubrication Feed motor: 1.1 kW Main motor: 30 kW Electric body lifting Manual saw shaft lifting Extraction nozzle diameter: 160 mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2250x1700x2000 mm Weight approx.: 3000 kg – German-made – Electric lifting of body and saw shaft – Smooth feed speed adjustment – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: PLN 68,900 Net price: EUR 16,400 at the rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 2,777 h, 2003 | Takeuchi TL130 with forks and loader bucket | Used Tracked Skid Steer | 2777 hours 📍Location: Germany, Idstein 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 14900 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* Iedpfx Absxxhpuo Iea 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 46 inspection points 39 approved ✅ 7 imperfect ℹ️ 0 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Engine oil sytem need to be checked, regular maintenance and beauty work needed 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39764 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 20,000 h, Please contact ATS Norway for more information Please provide reference number upon request: 21742 Specifications: 1998 model Hours: approx. 20,000 Weight: approx. 17,500 kg Undercarriage (see pictures) Track width: approx. 60 cm Machine width: approx. 280 cm Isdpfxjxxp Dme Ab Ioa Grading bucket Narrow bucket Extra lights Radio/CD Climate control / AC Description:Hitachi EX165 tracked excavator from 1998.Comes with digging and grading buckets.One of the two sensors on the hydraulic pump is faulty, so the tracks only run at low speed.Some minor oil seepage on a cylinder.Can be delivered on short notice. Hours: 20000 Own weight: 17500 Width: 280 Model: EX165 beltegraver m/ 2 skuffer

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 7,300 h, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 16,700 kg, Fintec 640 sclaping screener on tracks double deck - 3 products 7300 hours 2008 year Top deck area 3600x1520 mm Bottom deck area 3300x1520 mm 3-way Engine CAT 3054C 100 HP Weight 26,7 tons We can arrange shipping to any place in the world Machine in very good working condition Iedpfoww Tvmex Ab Iea

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 6,682 h, 2011 | Doosan DX300LC | Used Tracked Excavator | 6682 hours 📍Location: France, Gémenos 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 52400 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* Ijdjxy Nwiepfx Ab Ioa 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 63 inspection points 62 approved ✅ 1 imperfect ℹ️ 0 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Good general condition of the excavator for its age. 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39626 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 6,912 h, 2006 | Caterpillar 973 C | Used Tracked Loader | 6912 hours 📍Location: France, Vias Isdjxyvg Rjpfx Ab Ija 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 61600 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 36 inspection points 27 approved ✅ 8 imperfect ℹ️ 1 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Good overall condition of the machine, presence of oxidation on various body elements. The exhaust is perforated on the lower part. The right side battery attachment is missing. Not all lights are working. The air conditioning does not work. Presence of light white smoke at the exhaust level. Significant presence of oxidation around the cabin and doors. The hydraulic oil level is low. 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39465 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 12,595 h, 2014 | Caterpillar D6T XL | Used Tracked Dozer | 12595 hours Iedsxwb N Ejpfx Ab Isa 📍Location: Germany, Buch 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 109800 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert 66 inspection points 59 approved ✅ 7 imperfect ℹ️ 0 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Good machine for 12500 operating hours. Shield and push frame worn out. 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "39970 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 14,471 h, 2000 | Caterpillar 963b | Used Tracked Loader | 14471 hours 📍Location: France, L'Isle-Jourdain 🚛 Delivery available to your destination – Use our shipping calculator to estimate transport costs! 💰 Buy Now for EUR 28800 or Make an Offer. Payment at delivery available for an affordable fee (subject to approval)* 👷‍♂️ Inspected by an independent expert Ijdpsxx Dtpjfx Ab Ioa 72 inspection points 68 approved ✅ 3 imperfect ℹ️ 1 issues ⚠️ 📌 Inspector's Comment: Bulldozer in good general condition. Cabin shows signs of oxidation. Strong white smoke from exhaust and blowby pass. Oil on crankcase and under engine compartment. White smoke under engine compartment. 📄 Want to see the full inspection, extra photos, or a video? Tip: The reference "37120 Equippo" is commonly used when looking up more details online. 💡 Why this machine and our service stands out: ✔ Thorough inspection by professionals ✔ Jobsite delivery available ✔ Money-Back Guaranteed ✔ Secure and flexible payment options 🔄 Considering other equipment options? We offer helpful tools and resources for all equipment owners and operators – easily accessible on our platform.