Used Digital High-Speed Laser System for sale (61,340)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, drilling capacity: 40 mm, throat depth: 1,220 mm, spindle speed (min.): 110 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 2,900 rpm, overall weight: 1,710 kg, spindle stroke: 200 mm, spindle mount: MK 4, Drilling capacity in St 60 40 mm Drilling capacity in GG 20 40 mm Thread cutting (St 60 / GG 20) M 27 / M 36 Tool holder short spindle MK 4 Projection center spindle / column min. - max. approx. 210 - 1220 mm Dedpfx Aotzkmbebzjch Clamping surface machine table approx. 1200 x 510 mm T-slots in the machine table: Number x width 3 x 18 mm Distance drill spindle - table min. - max. approx. 375 - 675 mm Distance drill spindle - base plate (= option) min. - max. approx. 1075 - 1375 mm Spindle stroke approx. 200 mm Feed rates approx. (4) 0.08 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 mm / U Speed range of the main spindle: infinitely variable 110 - 2900 rpm Dimensions (height x width x depth) approx. 2500 x 1200 x 1710 mm Net weight approx. 1710 kg Drive power spindle motor 400 V, 50 Hz approx. 2.2 / 4.0 kW

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Operating Area: 1000*1500mm Machine overall dimensions: 3630×2200×1940mm Laser Output Power: IPG 3000w/2000w/1500w X/Y-axis positioning accuracy: ±0.05mm Dcsdpfeg Rgq Sjx Abzoh X/Y-axis repositioning accuracy: ±0.03mm X/Y-axis Max. linkage speed: 60m/min 1. A Compact Design with Complete Protection Small occupied space balances complete protection and higher safety. 2.No Quiver when Cutting Thin Sheet i Series are capable of cutting edges of thin sheet and ensure no quivering marks. 3. Cast Iron Bed Featuring good shock absorption, Cast Iron Bed keeps its shape all the way with the optimal mechanical property.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 360 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 75 m/min, Axis travel: X = 730 mm Y = 400 mm Z = 360 mm Rapid traverse rate: 75 m/min Maximum spindle speed: 12,000 rpm (15 kW motor) Tool change time: 2.5 s (chip-to-chip) Serial number: 139-26 (2009) Djdpoy U Hp Isfx Abzoch The machine is in good condition. Loading is included in the price. Key technical parameters are listed below. Siemens control system. The machine has 2 pallets.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, operating hours: 83,000 h, functionality: fully functional, Complete precision stamping line ready for relocation. Centre piece is a BRUDERER BSTA 50HL (500 kN, year 1990, Kom. 9443) equipped with control and Unidor tool and press safety monitoring system. The line includes a sound-insulating safety cabin, finished-parts output conveyor, Soprem H1000/1000ZV/10M/LK.LF/N1/G coiling machine (2003), and Soprem BR19/160/12/U Straightening machine (2003). Available as a complete turnkey lot. Technical Specifications Press Manufacturer BRUDERER AG, Frasnacht, Switzerland Machine Model: BSTA 50 HL Serial / Commission No.: Kom. 9443 Year of Manufacture: 1990 Operating Hours: 82,600.0 h (as shown on press control) Total Weight approx.: 8,700 kg Dedpfxsy S E U Rj Abzech Sound Enclosure / Cabin Included: W 3,460 × L 2,331 × H 3,910 mm Stroke range (adjustable): 16 / 19 / 25 / 32 / 38 / 44 / 51 mm Ram adjustment range: 64 mm Tool opening width (max.): 950 mm Bolster plate — Width × Depth: 930 × 650 mm Baseplate opening W × D: 900 × 200 mm Strip feed height (adjustable): 60 – 140 mm Max. strip pass-through width: 250 mm Feeding device: BBV 195 - 85 Feeding angle: 90 degrees Max. Strip thickness: 4 mm Max. Strip width: 160 mm Feed length: 0 – 85 mm Supply voltage: 3 × 400 V / 50 Hz Main motor power: 28 kW Control voltage (DC): 24 V DC Pneumatic supply: 6 – 10 bar (R ½" connection) Press width (with feeder) approx. 2,471 mm Press depth approx. 1,302 mm Press height approx. 3,165 mm Including Soprem H1000/1000ZV/10M/LK.LF/N1/G coiling machine (2003) Including Soprem BR19/160/12/U Straightening machine (2003) Includign Unidor press and Tool Safety System Finished-parts output conveyor belt Sound-insulating safety cabin / enclosure Original technical documentation and schematics

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, quill stroke: 190 mm, spindle speed (min.): 41 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, overall weight: 1,920 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 17 kg, sheet thickness steel (max.): 32 mm, torque: 250 Nm, table height: 900 mm, branded DONAU high speed radial drilling machine type DR 32 - completely overhauled by vaumatec in 2022 - with SPECIAL TABLE PLATE (clamping surface 1400 x 1000 mm with coolant channel and drain as well as 4 adjustable feet to relieve the table frame) Dcsdpfern Riqjx Abzsh Technical data: Drilling capacity into solid material: St 60/E335 mm Ø 32 (at feed rate 0.20 mm/rev): GG 22 mm Ø 45 Thread cutting: St 60/E355 M26 Thread cutting: GG22 M35 Tool holder: MK4 Column diameter: mm Ø 195 Distance between spindle nose and table: min./max. mm 260/660 Work table height: mm 900 Quill stroke: mm 190 Column stroke: mm 400 Spindle speeds Speed series I : rpm. 41-1800 Feed rates: mm/rev 0.1-0; 15-0; 20-0.3 Torque at the spindle: max. Nm 250 Smooth running of the boom: Radial N 25 Smoothness of the arm: Axial N 25 Clamping effect: Radial Nm 3500 Clamping effect: Axial N 5500 Feed force: N 7500 Max. permissible mass: kg 17 Max. permissible moment of inertia: kgm 0.002176 Workpiece: max. table load: kg 1000 Center of gravity: in the middle of the work surface

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Fully functional ready to use. Please check out our other listing as well Dcsdpfx Ajwt R Dmobzjh

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Make: DURMA Type: HD-F 3015 III Fiber Year of construction: BEstellbar New (delivery time 6 - 8 weeks) Working range X-Y-Z: 3060x1530x160 mm Laser power: 6000 Watt IPG Control: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Operating hours: 0 h sheet thickness mild steel: 25 mm sheet thickness stainless steel: 15 mm sheet thickness aluminium: 20 mm sheet size: 3048x1524 mm Loading weight: 200 kg/m² Speeds X-Y axes: 100 m/min. Speeds X-Y axes simultaneously: 280 m/min. positioning accuracy: +/- 0,05 mm Repeat accuracy: +/- 0.05 mm installation area l/w/h: approx. 14500x7500x2420 mm Weight: approx. 12000 kg Standard equipment Automatic pallet changer Control Sinumerik 840D Auto-Focus cutting head Precitec Procutter F150 focus Dcedpfefkpamjx Abzjh Automatic sheet position and sheet size measuring system Automatic nozzle cleaning Position laser diode Central lubrication Simple user interface parameters page (performance-speed-pressure) External CAD/CAM programming software with autonesting optional Lantek software Workspace lighting warning light Multi-chamber extraction system Special Laser Cutting Options Remote maintenance CE Marking Extended equipment IPG fiber laser source 6000 Watt including cooler Filter, Compact dedusting system Vanterm Motorized chip conveyor for small parts/waste Laser Service Set Cloud License Lantek Expert Inside Software Lantek Software with positioning - Laser diode with automatic sheet metal position detection, measurement Pierceline Focusline

Condition: excellent (used), SINGLE-SIDE EDGE BANDER (LEFT-side) Edges (band in rolls) thickness (Min/Max) mm 0,8 / 3 Panels thickness (min/max) mm 10 / 50 Numerical Control ICOS Open Feeding speed (adjustable) m/min 6 - 30 In-feed fence, adjustable by N.C. Pre-milling Unit (vertical joint trimmers) 1 x 75.186 (1 x Kw 4,5) + 2 x 08.378 (2 x Kw 4,5) adj. by N.C. Glueing Unit (Thermofusion with Laser) IMA Laser System LASERLINE (year 2025) Band Pressure zone + Edge coils supporting unit (No. 12 reels) Snipping (end-cutting) 08.42/30/B (Kw 0,66 x 2) work speed 20 + 30 m/min (0°-25°) Spraying Unit (for anti-release liquid) Rough Trimming unit 08.0555 (Kw 1 x 2) Fine Trimming unit (Multi-profile, by N.C. adjustable for 4 profiles) 08.0587 HS/LS1 (Kw 0,66 x 1) Multi-Profile Copying unit by N.C (fine + contour trimming) KFA 30 (Kw 0,5 x 1) max 30 m/min Milling grooving unit, N.C. adjustable Dedpfx Aboy Spclszoch Profile Scraping unit (Multi-profile, by N.C. adjustment, for 4 profiles) 08.0516 Glue scraping unit 08.521 Spraying Unit (for polishing liquid) Buffing unit 08.614 (Kw 0.25 x 4) RIEPE (for PMMA too) OPTION:No. 1 Automatic Return System "GELDMEIER" (Sofit's Code O11043)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 11,440 h, DMG 5 axis Simultaneous HSC 30 Linear Year 2014 Heidenhian TNC640 Control Travel X320 / Y 300 / Z280mm B axis +/- 120 degree C axis 360 x 0.001 degree HSK-E40, 40,000rpm Dodpfx Abew Hxiwszsch Swivel rotary table Touch Probe BLUM Tool Measuring system 3D Quick Set Application Tuning Cycle Air Blast through spindle Super Fine filter system c/w tooling ----- Clearance Sales -----

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1978, pressure 40 t stroke 8 - 50 mm no. of strokes 50 - 300 /min Dcjdpfx Ajy Rurcebzoh distance between columns 600 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 285 mm column travel -side 280 mm table surface area 590 x 500 mm hole in the table 590 x 40 - 100 mm table height over floor 860 mm ram surface 590 x 380 mm ram adjustment 80 mm material width 200 mm material thickness - 2,5 mm feed length 160 mm power requirement 7,5 kW dimensions of the machine ca. 1,8 x 1,2 x 2,1 mxmxm AS SPARE PARTS DISPENSER

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1977, pressure 125 t distance between columns 1150 mm stroke fix 25 mm no. of strokes 70 - 700 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 400 mm column travel -side 650 mm Dcsdpoylzw Hjfx Abzoh table surface area 1150 x 1000 mm hole in the table 900 x 220 mm table height over floor 1500 mm ram surface 990 x 850 mm ram adjustment 60 mm power requirement 46,5 kW Weight 29,5 t dimensions of the machine (WxDxH) 3,3 x 1,8 x 4,7 m SPECIAL DEAL as is where is, partly dismantled, as spare parts dispenser WITHOUT putting into operation / WITHOUT additional work free loaded to truck

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, pressure 100 t stroke 20 - 120 mm no. of strokes 40 - 240 /min distance between columns 1300 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 670 mm column travel -side 400 mm table surface area 1200 x 800 mm hole in the table 900 x 200 mm table height over floor 1150 mm ram surface 1130 x 650 mm ram adjustment 80 mm material width 250 mm material thickness 0,3 - 3,0 mm material cross-cut 750 mm² feed length 1 - 9999,9 mm power requirement 22,0 kW Weight 16,0 t dimensions (WxDxH) 3,7 x 2,5 x 3,7 m Dedpfx Ajwc U Nlebzsch height over floor 3,7 m with infinitely variable PIV-drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination (make Ortlinghaus), electronic press force monitoring (two channel), automatic stroke adjustment, motoric ram adjustment, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, motorised circular oil lubrication electronic roll feed (make Kaiser, type KWV 250)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, pressure 130 t distance between columns 1600 mm stroke 8 - 140 mm no. of strokes 50 - 200 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 520 mm column travel -side 610 mm table surface area 1600 x 880 mm hole in the table 1000 x 350 mm table height over floor 950 mm ram surface 1600 x 880 mm power requirement 24,2 kW weight of the machine ca. 28,00 t Dcjdpfjvuugcex Abzeh required space 4,3 x 2,2 x 3,8 m ram adjustment 100 mm with infinitely variable drive, hydraulic clutch/brake combination, hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, motoric ram adjustment, automatic stroke adjustment, electronic roll feed (Hensel, EVX 500) with hydraulic intermittent lifting 2025 - in progress: new electrical (safety) control - Siemens S7-1500 F, easy operation via touch-panel Video at seller's site before dismantling available

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, pressure 250 t distance between columns 1650 / 1400 mm stroke fix 150 mm no. of strokes 30 - 75 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 665 mm column travel -side 550 mm table surface area 1600 x 900 mm hole in the table 1000 x 300 mm table height over floor 980 mm ram surface 1400 x 900 mm power requirement 42,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 33,00 t required space 2,8 x 2,5 x 4,4 m with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, FIX stroke, motoric ram adjustment, motoric centralized lubrication, Werkzeugwechselsystem elektronischem Walzenvorschub (Normatic, AESL 500-2,8) electronic roll feed (Normatic, AESL 500-2,8) with motor (Indramat), motorised adjustable material guide, motorised height adjustment tool changing system Dcodpfx Asvuucwebzoh distance table - ram without tool changing system approx. 765 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, pressure 130 t distance between columns 1220/1070 mm stroke 22 - 96 mm no. of strokes 20 - 120 Hub/min Dcjdpfxevuubye Abzjh dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 518 mm column travel -side 600 mm table surface area 1220 x 880 mm hole in the table 450 x 250 mm table height over floor 950 mm ram surface 1180 x 800 mm power requirement 22,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 17,50 t required space 3,7 x 1,75 x 3,55 m ram adjustment 110 mm with infinitely variable drive, hydraulic clutch/brake combination, hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, motoric ram adjustment, automatic stroke adjustment, electronic roll feed (Hensel, EVX 500) with hydraulic intermittent lifting

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1976, pressure 200 t distance between columns 1550 mm stroke 30 - 160 mm no. of strokes 30 - 90 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 745 mm column travel -side 800 mm table surface area 1500 x 1150 mm hole in the table 450 mm table height over floor 810 mm ram surface 1500 x 1000 mm power requirement 38,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 26,5 t required space 5,1 x 1,6 x 3,7 m ram adjustment 110 mm Dcjdjvuubajpfx Abzjh with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, motoric ram adjustment

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, pressure 80 t stroke 16 - 63 mm no. of strokes 100 - 750 /min distance between columns 970 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 380 mm column travel -side 380 mm table surface area 940 x 910 mm hole in the table 770 x 190 mm table height over floor 1180 mm ram surface 940 x 510 mm ram adjustment 76 mm material width 203 mm material thickness - 6,0 mm feed length 0 - 120 mm power requirement 37,0 kW Weight 14,50 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,7 x 1,7 x 3,6 m with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination, semi-automatic stroke adjustment, motoric ram adjustment, fix table, circular oil lubrication mechanical roll feed Bruderer BBV 205/120 Dcedpfx Abovuua Nszsh with drive via main shaft / pivot shaft of the press consoles Guethle CK 01/0800

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, pressure 160 t stroke 30 - 90 mm no. of strokes 50 - 300 /min distance between columns 1270 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 590 mm column travel -side 440 mm table surface area 1250 x 900 mm hole in the table 950 x 300 mm ram surface 1250 x 800 mm ram adjustment 100 mm material width 200 mm material thickness - 6,0 mm feed length 0 - 120 mm power requirement 64,5 kW Weight 21,00 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,0 x 2,2 x 3,9 mxmxm with infinitely variable drive, hydraulic clutch/brake combination (make Desch), automatic stroke adjustment, motoric ram adjustment, fix table, circular oil lubrication mechanical roll feed Bruderer BBV 205/120 with drive via main shaft / pivot shaft of the press Djdpfx Asvut Uxebzech consoles Guethle CK 01/0800

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1978, pressure 150 t stroke fix 80 mm no. of strokes 30 - 150 /min distance between columns 930 mm Dsdpfxjvut Uro Abzsch dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 400 mm column travel -side 650 mm table surface area 880x1300 / 1500x600 mm hole in the table 760 x 180 mm table height over floor 1270 mm ram surface 920x1000 / 1300x600 mm Weight 27,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,1 x 1,8 x 4,3 mxmxm with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination, fix stroke, motoric ram adjustment, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, centralized lubrication, WITHOUT feeder as is where is, WITHOUT putting into operation

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, pressure 200 t stroke 30 - 160 mm no. of strokes 40 - 120 /min distance between columns 1500 / 1300 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 860 mm Dedpfsvut S Djx Abzoch column travel -side 600 x 530 mm table surface area 1250 x 1250 mm hole in the table 550 x 300 mm table height over floor 1000 mm ram surface 1250 x 1000 mm ram adjustment 125 mm material width 30 - 500 mm material thickness 0,5 - 3,0 mm feed length 0 - 999,9 mm power requirement 50,0 kW Weight 34,00 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,0 x 1,7 x 5,2 mxmxm with infinitely variable drive, pneumatic clutch/brake combination (Ortlinghaus), hydraulic overload protection in ram, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, motoric ram adjustment, automatic stroke adjustment

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, pressure 63 t stroke 10 - 80 mm no. of strokes 75 - 400 /min distance between columns 1080 / 920 mm dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 450 mm column travel -side 300 mm table surface area 1000 x 550 mm hole in the table 700 x 160 mm table height over floor 1080 mm ram surface 900 x 450 mm Dcedpfsvut Ixjx Abzjh ram adjustment 80 mm material width 250 mm material thickness 0,3 - 3,0 mm material cross-cut 750 mm² feed length 1,0 – 9999,9 mm power requirement 11,0 kW Weight 9,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,8 x 2,7 x 3,1 mxmxm with infinitely variable drive (PIV), pneumatic clutch/brake combination (make Ortlinghaus), manual stroke adjustment, motoric ram adjustment, motoric circular oil lubrication, pneumatic counterbalance in ram electronic servo-roll feed Kaiser KWV 250

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, pressure 50 t distance between columns 800 mm stroke 4 - 60 mm no. of strokes 30 - 300 Hub/min dayligth (stroke and adjustment up) 400 mm column travel -side 350 mm table surface area 780 x 640 mm Dcedpfx Aovut Husbzjh hole in the table 690 x 140 mm table height over floor 1150 mm ram surface 800 x 460 mm power requirement 26,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 9,00 t required space 2,4 x 1,7 x 2,9 m ram adjustment 80 mm with infinitely variable drive, automatic stroke adjustment electronic roll feed (PBK, WV 65-DSM 300P, yom. 2007)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, pressure 160 t stroke 20 - 120 mm no. of strokes 30 - 180 /min Dsdpfx Aeyx Ii Debzoch distance between columns 1510 mm column travel -side 400 mm dayligth 820 mm table surface area 1430 x 900 mm hole in the table 1010 x 320 mm table height over floor 890 mm ram surface 1300 x 800 mm ram adjustment 100 mm material width 20 - 400 mm material thickness 0,3 - 5,0 mm feed length 1,0 - 9999,9 mm power requirement 52,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 29,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,7 x 2,5 x 4,0 mxmxm with infinitely variable drive, back gears, pneumatic clutch/brake combination, hydraulic overload protection in ram, motoric ram adjustment, pneumatic counterbalance in ram, bolster plate, motoric centralized lubrication, electronic press force monitoring electronic roll feed Type KWV 400 ZDH 120 (YOM 2003), band-material oiler

Year of construction: 2007, condition: ready for operation (used), Features: 1) KUKA KR 30 HA industrial robot, max. reach: 2033mm, rated payload: 30kg, max. additional load arm + wrist: 35kg, max. total load: 65kg, number of axes: 6, position repeatability: +/-0.05mm, path repeatability: +/-0.16mm, operating temperature: 10-55°C, protection class: IP64, IP65 (central hand), connected load: 7.3kVA, robot installation area: 850x950mm, weight: 665kg, 2) Trumpf TruDisk 8002 (6000) laser source, connected load: 39/40kVA, laser type: ND:YAG laser, weight: 2t, 3) KLH L 22 cooling unit, rated voltage: 3x 400V, refrigerant: R407c, refrigerant charge: 18kg, permissible operating pressure: 25bar, max. operating current: 31A, 4) filter unit. An on-site inspection is possible. Dsdpfxoy U Nrfj Abzsch

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 300 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2022LW160, High-speed roll forming line, equipped with tooling for the production of GELAN and SCHUCO metal profiles used in PVC window frame manufacturing. Machine achieves speeds up to 55 m/min with 6 m profile length production. Maximum processable material thickness is 2.5 mm. Upper and lower shaft diameter is 60 mm, the width between the stands is 360 mm, and each station is driven by an individual gearbox with two cardan shafts. Both upper and lower shafts are driven at each station. The line features 15 forming stands plus two straightening stands (Turkish heads). All forming rollers have a surface hardness of 62 HRC. Additionally, all auxiliary rollers and shafts in contact with the material are induction-hardened to 58–62 HRC (including run-out table rollers and horizontal accumulator rollers). Dodpfxsyw Rzas Abzech A flying cut servo positioning system (DELTA 7.5 kW servo motor, ball screw, and linear guides) facilitates precise length adjustments via HMI. Hydraulic cutting system included. The run-out table features an automatic profile kickout, conveying, and separation system for continuous production without stopping. The horizontal entry accumulator for strip material ensures uninterrupted production, equipped with pinch rollers and individual drives. Double-sided hydraulic decoiler included. The line is equipped with a continuous ink-jet marking system from KONING (Germany). The automatic stacking system is not installed (see photos). The machine features recirculating cooling and lubrication across all 15 stations. Electronics: SIEMENS (PLC, contactors), SCHNEIDER (contactors), DELTA (Taiwan drives and servo). Main electric motors by Siemens. Bearings by SKF. The mechanical frame is stress-relieved and milled for precision. The machine has only been used for test production, having processed just 250,000 m of material (machine is nearly new). It is installed and connected to power; test runs can be arranged on-site. The listed price refers to the machine disassembled and loaded onto a truck. Included is comprehensive documentation with detailed tooling setup instructions for each profile (including detailed assembly drawings of rollers). Model: LW160 Supply voltage: 380 V Installed power: 73.5 kW (consumes only 40% of power when processing 2 mm strip) Frequency: 50 Hz Weight: 16,500 kg Current: 160 A Serial number: 2022LW160 Year of production: 2022 Year of on-site assembly: 2023