Used Electro-Hydr. Tube Bending Machine for sale (68,449)

Condition: used, Bending capacity: Ø45 mm Bending angle: 0 - 180° Revolver-adjustment: 8-fold adjustable angles Mandrellength: 4000 mm Sets of bendingdies: 1x Ø 16 mm Podpfx Asq Nipyslwerb 2x Ø 17 mm 3x Ø 20 mm 2x Ø 27 mm 1x Ø 28 mm 2x Ø 30 mm Featured with: - 4 Mandrels - Mandrel retraction unit Country of origin: Germany Motor power: 3 kW Machine LxWxH: 400 x 100 x 120 cm Machine weight: 1500 kg

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Year of construction: 1995, Bending capacity 6000D: Ø 6 to 60 x 4 mm Podpfx Aljzlg Ayoworb Automatic mandrel retraction Manual twisting device

Condition: good (used), pipe diameter (max.): 25 mm, pipe length (max.): 2,500 mm, bending radius (max.): 180 mm, CNC Tube Bender Brand: StarBend Model: STAR 250 CN3-PC-S Year: 2007 Serial Number: 072500924 Type: High-precision CNC tube bender Features: Predsz E U Stepfx Alwsb - CNC control with integrated PC - 3 numerically controlled axes - Y-axis (Bending): Controlled by a brushless servomotor - X-axis (Feed/Advance): Controlled by a brushless servomotor - Z-axis (Spatial tube rotation): Controlled by a brushless servomotor. - Tube bending with high repeatability - Max. tube diameter: 25mm (Tube wall thickness of 1.5 to 2.5mm depending on the radius) - Usable length over mandrel: 2,500 mm - Maximum bending radius: 180 mm - Programming by bending sequences - Program memory - High productivity in series production - Pneumatic internal mandrel extraction and insertion. Available Bending Kits: - TUBE 28mm Radius 61mm - TUBE 15mm Radius 35 - TUBE 22mm Radius 36mm

Condition: new, – Capacity: 34 x 3 mm Pjdpfx Aoxq Hl Eslwjrb – Digitally adjustable stroke – Emergency stop switch – With 3 tool sets: 33.7 mm, 21.4 mm, 16 mm – Documentation – Weight: 80 kg – 400V

Year of construction: 2009, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 133, Offer 18291 Hydraulic horizontal bending and straightening machine Technical data: - Bending force: 100 kN / 10 t - Adjustable bending force: 0 - 100 kN - Stroke: 0 - 150 mm - Working width: approx. 200 mm - Stroke speed: 0 - 0.6 m/min - Tool height: up to approx. 100 mm - Bending capacity: - with MW 100 prism, flat material up to approx. 100 x 12 mm - Tube bending up to approx. 1 inch - Straightening capacity Wy at a straightening block distance of 1 m: 100 cm³ Psdpfxjg Ewi Ne Alwerb - Drive: 400 V / 1.1 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 1100 x H 1000 x D 650 mm - Weight: approx. 400 kg

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: BD38NCCOMP, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 900 kg, total length: 3,100 mm, total width: 950 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, power: 6 kW (8.16 HP), input voltage: 220 V, type of input current: AC, warranty duration: 12 months, Semi-Automatic Single-Head Hydraulic Pipe Bending Machine BD50NC2A Machine Model: BD38NCCOMP Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Specification The largest applicable carbon steel pipe (bending radius ≥ 2d) Φ38×2.0mm (thickness Max. 2.0) The largest applicable stainless steel pipe (bending radius ≥ 2d) Φ38×1.5mm (thickness Max. 1.5) Maximum core length (*) 850mm Critical Parts and Functional Components Maximum bending radius (*) 320mm Maximum bend angle 190° The number of bends that can be set for each pipe fitting (*) 25 bends Podpfoya An Njx Alwsrb The number of pipe fitting files can be set 280 sets (extensible) Working speed bending speed Max.90°/s Machine tool bending angle ±0.1°

Condition: used, Automatic Tube Bending Machine Brand: B.L.M. Model: B/90/M Psdpfsx Swbisx Alwjrb Description: Automatic tube bending machine designed for industrial applications, equipped with automatic programming for producing multiple bends in sequence. The machine allows adjustment of the reference distance, ensuring high precision and repeatability in the bending process. For all technical details, please refer to the technical data sheets available in the photos.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: BD63CNC4A2SP, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, pipe diameter (max.): 63 mm, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 1,800 kg, total length: 4,000 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,300 mm, power: 18 kW (24.47 HP), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: AC, number of digital displays: 1, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: emergency stop, foot remote control, Full-Automatic Single-Head CNC Bending Machine with Auxiliary Push Function Machine Model: BD63CNC4A2SP Machine Applications Pedeyaz Egopfx Alworb  Transportation Sector For municipal engineering, locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Specification Model: BD63CNC4A2SP The Largest Applicable Carbon Steel, Copper, Aluminum Pipe or Profiles Φ63×2.0MM (THICKNESS MAX. 2.0) OR PROFILES AS PER MOLD DESIGN * The Largest Applicable Stainless Steel or High Alloy Steel Pipe, Profile Etc. Φ55×2.0MM (THICKNESS MAX. 2.0) OR PROFILES AS PER MOLD DESIGN * Maximum Reciprocating Feeding Pipe Φ63MM PROFILE AS PER MOLD DESIGN * Maximum Feeding Stokes (*) 3200MM Maximum Bending Radius (*) 550MM Maximum Bend Angle 190° Maximum Core Pulling Distance 3500MM Equipment Working Height 1300MM Pipe Bending Servo Power 7.0KW Pipe Bending Speed MAX. 150°/S ADJUSTABLE Bending Accuracy ±0.1° Feeding Servo Power 2.0KW Feeding Speed 200-1000MM/S ADJUSTABLE Feeding Accuracy ±0.1MM Rotation Servo Power 1.0KW Rotation Speed 180°/S ADJUSTABLE Rotation Accuracy ±0.1° Hydraulic Motor 7.5KW Hydraulic System Pressure 12 MPA Total Power 18 KW Equipment Size: Length * Width * Height 4000*1000*1300mm Equipment Weight 1800KG

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Mandrel-free pipe bending machine RB 54 - NC-controlled, with large program memory Article number: 4300054 NC control for setting the bending angle Up to 50 programs can be saved High-quality, robust design Fast tool change Purely motor drive Automatically returns to the starting position Prjdpfx Aevk Scgslwjb TECHNICAL DATA General information Bending radius max. 162mm Bending angle max. 210° Bending speed(s) 2rpm Torque 2341Nm Dimensions and weights Length (product) approx. 600mm Width/depth (product) approx. 220mm Height (product) approx. 470mm Weight (net) approx. 107kg Bending performance Bending performance of pipe material 420 N/mm² (Ø x wall thickness) 54 x 4mm Bending performance of pipe material 350 N/mm² (Ø x wall thickness) 54 x 4mm Bending performance of pipe material 650 N/mm² (Ø x wall thickness) 42 x 3mm Electrical data Drive motor power 1.1kW Connection voltage 400V Mains frequency 50Hz Location: from stock - available immediately -

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: 2026BD25, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 1,000 kg, total length: 1,800 mm, total width: 850 mm, total height: 1,230 mm, power: 8 kW (10.88 HP), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: AC, warranty duration: 12 months, control cabinet height: 1,200 mm, Single - Head Servo CNC Pipe Bending Machine BD25CNC3A1S Machine Model: BD25CNC3A1S Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Maximum Bending Pipe Diameter × Wall Thickness (Normal Steel, Aluminum, Copper etc.) Φ25mm×1.2mm Maximum Bending Radius R150mm Maximum Bending Angle 190° Maximum Feeding Length 1200mm Working Speed: Bending Speed Max. 150°/s Working Speed: Pipe Rotating Speed Max. 200°/s Working Speed: Feeding Speed Max. 1000mm/s Working Precision: Bending Precision ±0.1° Working Precision: Pipe Rotating Precision ±0.1° Working Precision: Feeding Precision ±0.1mm Data Transmission Mode 1. Coordinates (X.Y.Z) 2. Working Values (Y.B.C) Prodpsyak E Njfx Alwjb Bending Mode Servo Bending

Condition: new, Max. capacity steel tube (mm) 32x2 Max. capacity stainless steel tube (mm) 25x1.5 Max. capacity steel profile (mm) 30x30x1.5 Min. Tube (mm) 8 Max. Radius (CLR) 225 Psdpezuklkofx Alworb Min. Radius (CLR) 20 Control system PLC Max. bending angle (°) 190 Screen 10” PC Windows touch screen

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, tube wall thickness (max.): 2 mm, Giętarka do rur CNC SHUZ TUNG CNC38BR2 Producent: SHUZ TUNG Machinery Industrial Co., Ltd. (Tajwan) Model: CNC38BR2 Prsdpszq Dh Rsfx Alweb Rok produkcji: 2018 Dane techniczne: * Maksymalna średnica rury: 38 x 2 mm * Moc: 22 KM * Zasilanie: 400 V * Waga maszyny: 2500 kg Opis: Giętarka do rur CNC SHUZ TUNG CNC38BR2 w bardzo dobrym stanie technicznym i wizualnym. Maszyna jest wyposażona w system sterowania CNC i jest oferowana z dużym pakietem narzędzi wliczonym w cenę sprzedaży. Nadaje się do gięcia rur stalowych, ze stali nierdzewnej, aluminiowych i innych metali. Maszyna posiada w pełni zamknięty system bezpieczeństwa i automatyczny podajnik rur. Idealna do produkcji rur samochodowych, meblowych, poręczowych, wydechowych i przemysłowych. Rceww Tweza Sw Hs Alsd Dołączone narzędzia: * Ø8 mm – R17,5 * Ø10 mm – R15 * Ø10 mm – R28 * Ø12 mm – R26 * Ø12 mm – R50 * Ø14 mm – R30 * Ø16 mm – R25 * Ø16 mm – R38 * Ø16 mm – R50 * Ø16 mm – R60 * Ø22 mm – R32 * Ø22 mm – R50 * Ø24/25 mm – R48 * Ø25 mm – R45 * Ø25 mm – R60 * Ø28 mm – R100 * Ø30 mm – R63 * Ø35 mm – R63 * Ø35 mm – R70 Maszynę można obejrzeć na miejscu. Dostępna pomoc przy załadunku. Lokalizacja: Polska. Dodatkowe zdjęcia i filmy dostępne na życzenie.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2019, *Title:* SAY-MAK SPK-35 Motorized Profile Bending Machine - 2019 - 0.75kW *Description:* For sale: motorized roller bending machine, brand *SAY-MAK*, model *SPK-35*. *Features:* - *Year*: 2019 - Serial No.: 290367 - *Motor*: 1.5 kW - *Power Supply*: 400V Three-phase - *Weight*: 400 kg - *Application*: Bending round/square tubes, flat bars, angles, profiles Prsdpfxszr Rcwj Alwsb - *Controls*: Foot pedal + Emergency stop - *Condition*: Very good condition, 2019 machine Perfect for metalwork, locksmithing, railings, canopies, and boiler making. Robust machine, from a renowned Turkish brand. Rollers included.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2008, control type: CNC control, controller manufacturer: ESA, controller model: Touch Panel, pipe diameter (max.): 30 mm, pipe length (max.): 4,000 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 4 mm, overall weight: 3,700 kg, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, Tube bending machine Transfluid - DB630 A3 CNC MACH-ID 9783 Make: Transfluid Type: DB630 A3 CNC Control: ESA TOUCH PANEL Year: 2008 Max.Tube Ø: 30mm Min. Tube Ø: 4mm Max. Wall thickness:4mm Max. Bending radius:180mm Min. Bending radius:10mm Max. bending length:4000mm 3e dimsion bending:Yesmm/min. Number of tools: 10,12,15,16,18,20,22,28 Length: 6000mm Width: 1800mm Prodozvfq Dopfx Alwsb Height: 1800mm Weight: 3700kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Hydraulic mandrel tube bending machine Complete bending sets with bending mandrels and bending shoes: Ø 18, 20, 22, 25, 2 x 30 + 35 mm Additional bending mandrels, but without bending shoes: Ø 28, 2 x 38 + 42 mm Pre-assembly device with hydraulic cylinder Hydraulically driven deburring unit for tubes, inside and outside, from 6 - 48.3 mm Max. tube feed length: 3000 mm Machine weight: approx. 700 kg Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 Prsdownrt Sspfx Alwsb D - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: 265040200001, Technical specifications available upon request. Prjdpezd Hhmofx Alwjb

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, tube wall thickness (max.): 2 mm, bending angle (max.): 190 °, number of axes: 3, overall weight: 2,500 kg, total length: 5,500 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: CE marking, emergency stop, foot remote control, 3 Axis 65 CNC Mandrel Tube Bending Machine TROX Prjdpjzwk Spefx Alweb Liv Makina's most powerful machine is the CNC mandrel tube bending machine capable of bending tubes and profiles up to 65 mm with 3 axes, suitable for bending jobs in the Shipbuilding Industry, Thermal Power Plants, Park and Garden Furniture, Fitness Equipment, and Exhaust Industry sectors. What is difficult becomes easy thanks to hydraulic bending.  Ability to import drawings via Solidworks Program  Operation in fully automatic or manual modes via interactive PLC control system  Multiple language options  Ability to view products in 3D  3D pipe collision simulation  Automatic pipe length calculation  Conforms to CE norms  Ability to see errors on display  Safety warning system  Easy usability thanks to Livmak Interface Technical Specifications – TROX 3Axis 65 CNC Max Bending Capacity: Ø65 mm x 2 mm Min/Max Mold Diameter: 90/250 mm Material Processing Length: 4000 mm Machine Dimensions: 5500x1750x1750 mm Total Motor Power: 15 Hp Machine Weight: 3 Tons

Condition: new, CNC-38/R3 Max. Diameter (max. O.D.) 38 mm Max. Wall thickness 2 mm Max. Diameter (max. O.D.) for stainless steel 438 x 1.5 mm Max. Bending angle 190 (°) Podpfx Aoztpf Tolwsrb Hydraulic pump motor 11 kW Total motor power 22 kW Max. Hydraulic pressure 140 (bar) Mandrel Length 3450 mm Machine Length 5850 mm Machine Weight 3000 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 972 h, machine/vehicle number: 0223, Offer 26174 Technical data: - Bending capacity - Pipe at 45 kg / mm² Ø 6 - 48 mm - Wall thickness up to 3.25 mm - Max. bending radius 180 mm - Bending speed 20 °/sec. - Drive 400 V / 2.4 kW - Space requirement approx. W 6200 x H 1200 x D 1000 mm - Weight approx. 1100 kg - Operating hours recorded 972 h Podpfxjzh Elxs Alwerb - with - Digital bending angle display + fine adjustment of bending angle - with SIEMENS SIMATEC control panel with touch screen - Mandrel bending unit 4.5 m with hydraulic retraction - Saw unit - Deburring unit for internal and external deburring - Pipe positioning system - Bending tools without mandrels - 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 28, 30 mm - Partially, possibly incomplete

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2009, Used tube bending machine from Jutec Type: 5000 Prsdpfx Aljyfmwxoweb Capacity: up to approx. 40 mm Mandrel length: 4500 mm CNC controlled Automatic head Manually rotatable head with hydraulic clamping Incl. 3 sets of tools Year of manufacture: 2009 Very little used

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, machine/vehicle number: 4806067, Offer 25059 Technical data: - Pipe bending capacity at 45 kg / mm² up to Ø 48 X 3.5 mm - Solid material up to 30 mm - Bending angle 0 - 180 ° - Largest average bending radius Rm 225 mm - Smallest inner bending radius Ri 10 mm - Drive 220 V / 1.7 Kw - Space requirement approx. W 400 x H 950 x D 600 mm Prsdpfsv Dux Dex Alweb - Weight approx. 100 kg - with - Bending angle preselection - Digital bending angle display + bending angle fine adjustment - Bending tools, Ø ½“ R 67 mm, Ø 1“ R 67 mm,

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, control type: manual, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, pipe diameter (max.): 60 mm, pipe length (max.): 6,000 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 5 mm, bending angle (max.): 180 °, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: emergency stop, It is a machine from 2018 and we used very little. We can bend pipe from 18 mm - 60 mm Predpfx Alsyvhl Hewob Machine cost new 2018 was ca 45.000,00 EUR and tools was ca 55.000,00 so total was EUR 100.000,00

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1997, 5-axis CNC tube bending machine BLM Dynamo - 0 Serial number: 605970300001 Year of construction: 1997 Voltage: 380V 50HZ Machine weight: 1500 kg Control system: DOC 85C Predpet R Tgiefx Alwjb BLM bar loader BLM CARM 7 Serial number: 340040102059 Year of construction: 2004 Weight: 405 kg Without conveyor belt Without protective grid TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of axes: 5 Average output: ~ 2400 bends/h Bending capacity round tube R=45 kg/mm²: 4 - 12.7 x 1.5 mm Bending capacity round tube R=35 kg/mm²: 4 - 14 x 1 mm Bending capacity round tube Al/Cu/Ms: 4 - 18 x 1.25 mm Bar feeder: BLM Carm 7 (year of manufacture: 2004) Positioning speed X-axis: 2000 mm/s Bending speed H/Z Y-axis: 500 °/s Turning speed Z-axis: 900 °/s Turning speed Z-axis: 100 °/s Positioning speed T-axis: 500 mm/s Measuring tolerance X/T axis: ± 0.1 mm Measuring tolerance Y/Z/Q axis: ± 0.1° Maximum range at maximum acceleration X-Y-Z: 1000 mm - 90/90/0° - 0/180/0° with tube 18 x 1.25 mm MACHINE DETAILS Voltage: 380 V, 50 Hz Hydraulic pressure: max. 120 bar Machine weight: 1500 kg Control system: DOC 85C Ex location Dortmund, free truck loading

Condition: new, CNC 76R1 Max. capacity for steel tube (mm): 76x5 Max. capacity for stainless steel tube (mm): 76x3 Prodoztpunjpfx Alwob Max. capacity for steel profile (mm): 60x60x3 Max. radius (CLR): 250 Min. radius (CLR): 35 Max. bending angle: 190(°)

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 29 h, roller diameter: 90 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 2 mm, overall weight: 520 kg, power: 1.1 kW (1.50 HP), working length: 1,270 mm, For sale is a like-new round bending machine with only 26 operating hours! TECHNICAL DETAILS Work area Working length: 1,270 mm Sheet thickness at 450 N/mm²: max. 2.5 mm Sheet thickness at 700 N/mm²: max. 1.5 mm Sheet thickness for conical bending of steel sheet: 2 mm Roller diameter: 90 mm Roller speed: 6 m/min Diameter of feed grooves: 4 / 6 / 9 mm MACHINE DETAILS Motor power, main drive: 1.1 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,850 x 700 x 1,200 mm Weight: 520 kg EQUIPMENT 3-roller round bending machine with asymmetrical roller arrangement Robust machine frame made of spheroidal graphite cast iron Induction-hardened rollers, also suitable for processing stainless steel Main motor with braking system for precise bending Swiveling top roller with eccentric locking for easy workpiece removal Podpfxsz Dw Ems Alwjrb Wire feed grooves on the lower and rear rollers Conical bending device Manual adjustment of the rear roller Separate mobile control console with foot switch for left/right operation Emergency stop safety cable Side cover Operating manual