Used Inotec Wt95 D for sale (46,265)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, Robotic palletizing system from W+D Langhammer, manufactured in 2010, featuring an ABB IRB 660 M2004 palletizing robot, ABB IRC5 M2004 controller, conveyor system, and safety enclosure. System manufacturer: W+D Langhammer GmbH System type: Robotic palletizing Year of manufacture: 2010 Factory number: A1005300-146900 Robot manufacturer: ABB Robot type: IRB 660 M2004 Robot variant: IRB 660-180/3.15 Robot manufacturing date: 07/30/2010 Robot serial number: 66Z-63572 Robot net weight: 1,750 kg Load capacity according to robot variant: 180 kg Reach according to robot variant: 3.15 m Ljdpfx Apoz Dnu Esdjag Robot controller: ABB IRC5 M2004 Version: 144A 400–480V Controller voltage: 3 × 400 V Frequency: 50–60 Hz Rated current: 20 A Short-circuit current: 6.5 kA at 400 V Controller net weight: 150 kg Controller manufacturing date: 08/02/2010 Robot operating device: ABB Teach Pendant System operation: Siemens SIMATIC Multi Panel Gripping system: Palletizing gripper included Conveyor system: Roller conveyors and infeed belts Safety enclosure: approx. 8 × 8 m Infeed belts: 2 units, each protruding approx. 1 m from the safety enclosure Outfeed roller conveyors: protruding approx. 2 m from the safety enclosure Langhammer system voltage: 3 × 400 V N PE Langhammer system frequency: 50 Hz Full load current: 35 A Short-circuit breaker: 50 A Note: The infeed and outfeed belt marked in the layout below with a red diagonal line is not installed and is not part of the system offered.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, single-sided lamination heated upper steel roller Laedpjzyk A Hjfx Apdeg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 28,155 h, functionality: fully functional, Channel baling press Paal Konti 200 D, year of manufacture 2000 Technical data: Manufacturer: Paal Type: Paal Konti 200 D Year of manufacture: 2000 Operating hours: 28155 Pressing force: 60 t Drive power: 45 kW Total connected load: 60 kW Feed opening: 1020 x 1400 mm Bale dimensions: 750 x 1100 mm, length variable Tying: 4-way automatic Throughput at 35 kg/m³ approx. 9.5 t/h 60 kg/m³ approx. 16.5 t/h 100 kg/m³ approx. 26 t/h Bale weight: 450 to 650 kg Transport dimensions approx. 10123 x 2152 x 2720 mm (L x W x H) Lajdpfjz A T Nlox Apdsg Machine weight approx. 15,000 kg Materials: Paper, cardboard, film Note: The press is in good condition and has been inspected and tested. A video can be found on our website or YouTube channel. Complete documentation is available. Please note: All technical data refer to the manufacturer's specifications. We assume no liability for the information provided and any errors that may occur. The offer is subject to change, prior sale, and can be revoked at any time. Inspections are possible by arrangement. The sale is made against prepayment, ex works, without warranty.

Condition: used, Extendable spiral mixer Diosna D 200 A Dough capacity: 200 kg Flour capacity: 125 kg Bowl volume: 300 l Laodpjz A R U Esfx Apdeg Bowl diameter: 900 mm Timer control with 2 timers Two speed settings

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 5,744 h, load capacity: 1,400 kg, lifting height: 1,924 mm, free lift: 879 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 1,415 mm, battery voltage: 24 V, fork length: 1,150 mm, front tire type: polyurethane tires (black), rear tire type: polyurethane tires (black), overall weight: 1,470 kg, total height: 1,415 mm, total length: 2,170 mm, total width: 800 mm, fuel: electricity, LINDE D 14 AP – Electric pedestrian stacker TECHNICAL DATA Lifting capacity: 1.400 kg Lifting height: 1.924 mm Closed height: 1.415 mm Free lift: 879 mm Mast: Duplex (2F192) Fork length: 1.150 mm Lsdpoz Ap Dnsfx Apdsag Drive: Elektro 24V Battery: 24 V Charger: ohne / without Tyres: Polyurethan Poly Tandem Service weight: 1.470 kg Length: 2.170 mm Width: 800 mm Year of manufacture: 2019 Operating hours: 5.744 h Condition: working condition EQUIPMENT Pulse control, Initial lift Internal no.: 1309303 Location: 14974 Ludwigsfelde bei Berlin Unilift GmbH & Co. KG – inspected used forklifts from Ludwigsfelde near Berlin.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Depositor for hot products, will connect to a cooking vessel and pump it into bags with set a weight which is adjustable Air operated clipper to seal the bag Lsdpfx Apexgutpsdeag Finished clipped bags can go into a tumble chiller to cool down. The machine is in good working order and ready for delivery Single phase electric 240 volts 50 Hz It needs an air supply

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 924115, rotational speed (min.): 3,000 rpm, grinding wheel diameter: 200 mm, Original GREIF double grinding wheel stand Ledpfszzphqox Apdjag including base including CEE plug Power: 0.55 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 50,702 h, functionality: fully functional, Channel baling press Paal Konti 325 D/SO, year of manufacture 1999 Technical data: Manufacturer: Paal Type: Paal Konti 325 D/SO Year of manufacture: 1999 Operating hours: 50,702 Pressing force: 94 t Drive power: 2 x 45 kW Total connection: 104 kW Feed opening: 1020 x 1750 mm Bale dimensions: 750 x 1100 mm, length variable Tying: 4-fold automatic Throughput at: 35 kg/m³ approx. 14 t/h 60 kg/m³ approx. 24 t/h 100 kg/m³ approx. 38 t/h Bale weight: 525 to 800 kg Transport dimensions approx. 12352 x 2340 x 2800 mm (L x W x H) Machine weight approx. 28,000 kg Materials: Paper, cardboard, light waste, plastic waste Note: The press is in fully functional condition and has been inspected and tested by us. A video can be found on our website or YouTube channel. The operating manual is available. Please note: All technical data refer to the manufacturer's specifications. We assume no liability for the information provided or any errors that may occur. The offer is non-binding, subject to prior sale, and can be revoked at any time. Inspections are possible by arrangement. Lasdpfx Aoz A T I Iepdog The sale is made against prepayment, ex works, without warranty.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, turning diameter over bed 320 mm turning diameter over slide rest 190 mm turning length 920 mm center height over bed 160 mm turning diameter in the gap 430 mm centre distance 920 mm bed width 181 mm digital readout DPA 2000 3 Achsen spindle bore Ø 38 mm turning speed range 10 - 2.500 U/min power requirement 1,5 kW 3-jaw-chuck diameter 160 mm taper in tailstock-quill MK 3 dia. of quill 32 mm quill stroke 100 mm voltage 400 V weight of the machine ca. 410 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,60 x 0,70 x 1,55 m Lodpfozzrdbex Apdoag !!! ATTENTION !!! EXCELLENT CONDITION !!! This machine comes from a vocational school! - Serial No.: 832432 - 3-axis digital display DPA 2000 - Constant cutting speed - Stepless speed control - Digital speed display - RÖHM 3-jaw flat spiral chuck - Face plate Ø 255 mm - Fixed steady rest - Rotating steady rest - Machine light - Rotating center point

Condition: used, mileage: 1,69,000 km, power: 125 kW (169.95 HP), first registration: 05/2013, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 7, Equipment: air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Buy online. Finance digitally. Get it delivered nationwide. ----Chat with us now via WhatsApp: Get in touch quickly and easily with our sales consultant. Internal ID number: [3496]---- Your advantages with us: * Digital consultation via telephone or WhatsApp * Financing options, even without a down payment * Trade-in of your vehicle, whether old or new Optional extras: Laedpfx Apezlbc Uodjg * 12–60 months used car warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection * New TÜV & AU (German technical inspection and emissions test) * Nationwide delivery---- Summer offer: If desired and for a surcharge of only €999, increase the trailer load capacity to up to 3,500 kg (vehicle and manufacturer dependent). Vehicle highlights: 19% VAT can be shown German vehicle Euro 5 standard Regularly maintained Immediately ready for use Dimensions overall: Length = 6035 mm / Width = 2130 mm / Height = 2365 mm Total weight: 3,500 kg / Unladen weight = 2,369 kg / Payload = 1,131 kg Loading area dimensions: 2,900 mm / Width = 2035 mm / Height = 550 mm Trailer coupling: 3,500 kg Doka flatbed Cruise control Automatic climate control Rearview camera Comfortable driver's seat Bluetooth multimedia function ---- Would you like to lease or finance? We offer attractive deals – financing is also possible without a down payment! Please do not hesitate to contact us. Contact: Phone: WhatsApp: Email: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Sat: 9:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. All information on the internet is non-binding and serves only as a general description of the vehicle. Errors, typos and prior sale are subject to change. The binding condition of the vehicle results exclusively from the purchase contract on site or through written assurances.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 20,756 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 4,060 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 3,070 mm, motor manufacturer: VW, fork length: 2,000 mm, tire condition: 80 %, front tire type: superelastic tires (black), front tire size: 355/65 - 15, rear tire type: superelastic tires (black), rear tire size: 250 - 15, overall weight: 7,225 kg, total height: 3,070 mm, total length: 3,550 mm, total width: 1,499 mm, fuel: diesel, Equipment: sideshift, LINDE H 50 D - 02 / 600 – Diesel forklifts TECHNICAL DATA Lifting capacity: 5.000 kg Lifting height: 4.060 mm Closed height: 3.070 mm Mast: Standard (2W406) Fork length: 2.000 mm Fork carriage: FEM 3A Drive: 4-Zyl.-Diesel Engine: VW Tyres: Superelastik SE 355/65 - 15 (80%) / 250 - 15 (80%) Service weight: 7.225 kg Lsdpfxjz Aqcxj Apdjag Length: 3.550 mm Width: 1.499 mm Year of manufacture: 2019 Operating hours: 20.756 h Condition: working condition EQUIPMENT 3rd valve, 4th valve, Front work lights, Overhead guard cover, Front windscreen ATTACHMENTS Rotator, Fork clamp, Sideshift Internal no.: 1102814 Location: 14974 Ludwigsfelde bei Berlin Unilift GmbH & Co. KG – inspected used forklifts from Ludwigsfelde near Berlin.

Condition: excellent (used), mileage: 1,97,000 km, power: 251 kW (341.26 HP), first registration: 07/2021, fuel type: diesel, fuel: diesel, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, loading space length: 7,000 mm, loading space width: 2,550 mm, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 76 h, Equipment: crane, Empty weight: 11.985 kg Carrying capacity: 9.615 kg Laodpfxowmcpno Apdjg GVW: 21.600 kg Make of bodywork: Palfinger PK 12002-EH D CE mark: yes Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Price: On request

Condition: used, mileage: 2,20,000 km, first registration: 01/2008, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 08/2027, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 3, total length: 5,800 mm, loading space length: 3,300 mm, Equipment: ABS, central locking, soot filter, Chat now via WhatsApp: Get in touch quickly and easily with our sales consultant. Please note!!! Sales are preferably made to business customers. Internal ID number: [3443] ----Optional extras: * 12-64 months warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection Lsdpfx Aozhhyxepdjag * New TÜV (German technical inspection) & emissions test * Nationwide delivery * Financing also possible without a down payment * Spring offer: On request and for an additional charge of only €999, increase the trailer load capacity to up to 3,500 kg (vehicle and manufacturer dependent). ----Vehicle highlights: * German vehicle * Immediately ready for use * Long flatbed * Large 2.4-liter diesel engine * Rear-wheel drive * 16-inch tires Special equipment: 2nd battery, radio preparation, 2 speakers, tinted glass Additional equipment: Airbag for driver, turn signal integrated into exterior mirror, tachometer, electronic differential lock (EDS), vehicle without fog lights, heating with recirculation, body/superstructure: standard flatbed, headlight range adjustment, engine 2.4 liters - 74 kW TDCi catalytic converter, flatbed width 2000 mm, flatbed length 2450 mm, production site: Otosan, wheelbase 3504 mm, mud flaps at the front, seat package 21: driver's seat (3-way adjustable) - front passenger single seat (2-way adjustable)----Would you like to lease or finance? We offer attractive deals – also possible without a down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Sat: 9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.----Note: All information on the internet is non-binding and serves only as a general description of the vehicle. Errors, typos and prior sale are reserved. The binding condition of the vehicle results exclusively from the purchase contract on site or through written assurances. Vehicles with a mileage of over 50,000 km or older than 3 years are preferably sold to our business customers.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 5,710 h, load capacity: 1,200 kg, lifting height: 3,010 mm, free lift: 1,400 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 1,900 mm, battery capacity: 275 Ah, battery voltage: 24 V, fork length: 1,150 mm, front tire type: polyurethane tires (black), rear tire type: polyurethane tires (black), overall weight: 1,592 kg, total height: 1,900 mm, total length: 2,050 mm, total width: 800 mm, fuel: electricity, LINDE D 12 AP – Electric pedestrian stacker TECHNICAL DATA Lifting capacity: 1.200 kg Lifting height: 3.010 mm Closed height: 1.900 mm Free lift: 1.400 mm Mast: Duplex (2F301) Fork length: 1.150 mm Drive: Elektro 24V Battery: 24 V 275 Ah v. 2022 Charger: Einphasig 24 V not tested Tyres: Polyurethan PU Service weight: 1.592 kg Length: 2.050 mm Width: 800 mm Year of manufacture: 2016 Operating hours: 5.710 h Condition: working condition Ljdpfx Aoz Aqrmopdeag EQUIPMENT Pulse control, Initial lift Internal no.: 1309254 Location: 14974 Ludwigsfelde bei Berlin Unilift GmbH & Co. KG – inspected used forklifts from Ludwigsfelde near Berlin.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, pressure (max.): 13 bar, CSA 15/13 SCREW COMPRESSOR, NO. 1,000 MOUNTED ON 500-LITER TANK WITH DRYER Lasdpfx Aez Duc Nepdeg AND FILTERS 11 kW, 15 HP MAXIMUM PRESSURE: 13 BAR 400V/50Hz/3-PHASE FLOW RATE: 1147 L/min NOISE LEVEL: 67 dB(A) DIMENSIONS: 1540x665x1535 mm, WEIGHT: 450 kg Attached: User and maintenance manual CE declaration of conformity

Condition: used, mileage: 3,80,000 km, power: 90 kW (122.37 HP), first registration: 01/1997, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2026, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, number of seats: 3, loading space length: 6,000 mm, Equipment: ABS, Chat with us now via WhatsApp: Get in touch quickly and easily with our sales consultant. Attention!!! Sales preferably to commercial businesses. Internal ID number: [3311] Lodpfezhhxbjx Apdsag * Delivery to the port possible * Transport to harbor/shipping station possible ---- Vehicle highlights: * German vehicle * Good condition!!! * Long wheelbase (long version) * 5-speed manual transmission ---- Do you want to lease or finance? We offer attractive deals, even without a down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: Email: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln, Germany Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM Sat: 9:00 AM - 2:00 PM Note: All information on the internet is non-binding and serves only as a general description of the vehicle. Errors, typos, and prior sales are reserved. The binding condition of the vehicle is determined exclusively by the purchase contract on site or by written assurances. We prefer to sell vehicles with mileage over 50,000 km or older than 3 years to our commercial customers.

Condition: used, axle configuration: > 3 axles, first registration: 01/2007, color: other, Year of construction: 2007, Empty weight: 10.300 kg Axle 1: left 8 mm right 8 mm Laedpfx Aozrgl Ispdeg Axle 2: left 10 mm right 10 mm Axle 3: left 10 mm right 10 mm Axle 4 left 8 mm right 8 mm We have the possibility to stack trailers!

Condition: used, Universal temperature control unit REGLOPLAS Type 90M/10/SG75/D K/RT50 Pressurized water temperature control unit with electric heating and connections for external cooling Circulating process temperature control for industrial applications in plastics processing, especially for the temperature control of injection molds and other process tools. Manufacturer's serial number: 102010170001, Year of manufacture: 2009 Temperature: max. 90°C (for water) Heat transfer medium: Water Temperature range: +20°C to 90°C Operating overpressure: max. 6 bar Lodpfx Apoz Au Hbjdoag Pump capacity: 100 l/min Tank volume: 2.8 liters (internal filling volume) Heating capacity: 10 kW Cooling capacity of heat exchanger: up to 160 kW (depending on the external cooling unit) Pump motor power: 1.5 kW Continuous sound pressure level

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2018, Shrink tunnel Manufacturer: Diez Type: HTC 8540 D Year of manufacture: 2018 Lodszlrprjpfx Apdjag Belt width: 85 cm Length: 250 cm Passage height: 40 cm New No operating hours 22926

Condition: good (used), axle configuration: 3 axles, permissible axle load (axle 1): 9,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 9,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 3): 9,000 kg, first registration: 11/2004, total width: 2,470 mm, color: blue, Year of construction: 2004, Axle configuration Rear axle 1: Max. axle load: 9000 kg Rear axle 2: Max. axle load: 9000 kg Rear axle 3: Max. axle load: 9000 kg Weights Empty weight: 5.300 kg Carrying capacity: 37.700 kg GVW: 43.000 kg Condition Technical condition: good Visual appearance: good Identification Registration number: OH-37-SJ Additional information Please contact Arie or Pedro for more information = Additional options and accessories = - Air suspension - Extandable - Lift axle - Twist-locks Ljdpfx Asz D E Ivspdoag = Remarks = D-tec FT-43-03V / 3x Extendable / 1x Lift Axle / BPW

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 191460, rotational speed (min.): 3,000 rpm, grinding wheel diameter: 200 mm, Original GREIF double grinding wheel stand including base including CEE plug Power: 0.55 kW Laodpfjzzdwtox Apdog

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2018, Shrink tunnel Manufacturer: Diez Type: HTC 110 50 D Year of manufacture: 2018 Belt width: 110 cm Laodpfxjzh Nw Se Apdjg Length: 255 cm Clearance height: 47 cm New No operating hours 22926

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 13,800 h, lifting height: 4,430 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, fork length: 1,000 mm, fork width: 1,140 mm, total height: 3,010 mm, total length: 3,050 mm, total width: 1,190 mm, color: red, Empty weight: 6.815 kg Lifting capacity: 5.000 kg Lasdpjy Exnwsfx Apdeg - Year: 2007 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: H2X394U03600 - Operating hours: 13800 - Lifting capacity: 5000kg - Lifting height: 4430mm - Overhead clearance: 3000mm - Free lift: 0mm - Fork length: 1000mm - Maximum fork width: 1140mm - Minimum fork width: 260mm - Number of wheels: 4 Wheels - Attachment: Side-shift - Options: Work lights, Half cabin, Joystick - Mast: Duplex - Drive: Diesel - Motor brand: Linde ? - Transport dimensions: 3050mm x 1190mm x 3010mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 6815kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Tess van den Boom

Condition: new, diameter of brush Ø 250 mm width of brush 80.0 mm turning speed range 1450 U/min bore Ø 24.0 mm Lodpfx Ajz D Itzspdjag Wire thickness 0.3 mm Dust suction hood 50.0 mm voltage 400 Volt engine output ca. 3.0 kW weight of the machine ca. 90.0 kg range L-W-H 820 x 450 x 1140 mm The BES 250 D brush deburring grinder is ideal for deburring the inner and outer edges of profiles and flat materials. Thanks to its powerful drive motor and robust construction, this machine is ideally suited for professional use in workshops. Product Features - Ball-bearing-mounted rotor ensures smooth operation and a long service life - Ideal for deburring cut edges, removing rust from metal surfaces, . and removing paint coatings,... - Comes standard with a 50 mm diameter suction port for connecting to a . dust extraction system - Powerful and low-noise drive motor - Low-vibration operation thanks to a sturdy, torsion-resistant machine housing - Heavy-duty construction and high-quality components * Ideal for commercial and industrial use Scope of Delivery - Round wire brushes - Adjustable workpiece support - Base frame

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Swivel spindle milling machine KÖLLE F 45 in very good condition; this machine comes from an assembly company and has been idle for the last few years, as it was no longer needed. Everything functions perfectly. All bearings and guides are in good condition; the machine runs very smoothly. Year of manufacture: 1990 with control panel on top Both fence jaws on the milling fence can be adjusted in depth, with fine adjustment and scale, allowing for planing work, e.g., on a gluing profile. The entire milling fence can also be adjusted in depth using a handwheel and a leadscrew, enabling very precise and fast adjustments. with AIGNER integral fence with spindle locking lever Chips can be removed very effectively with 2 extraction ports, 125 mm on the milling fence and 100 mm on the machine table. with 30 mm spindle, which can be swiveled steplessly from -5 to 45°; the spindle is swiveled electrically with a very precise display; fine adjustment can be made manually with a handwheel. The height adjustment is also electric, and a handwheel is also available for fine adjustment. with right/left rotation We will personally deliver and demonstrate the machine anywhere in Germany for €220.00, so you have no risk when purchasing; shipping to Austria and the rest of the EU is also possible upon request. with a large table opening of 375 mm, which can be reduced by using various rings (this allows for the use of cutters with a very large diameter, and you can also safely mill with small cutters). with 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 rpm the table is made of heavily ribbed cast iron with 30 mm spindle in the machine; another spindle can also be installed very robust and durable design; the machine was built for heavy-duty milling operations and is suitable for all milling applications. optimal power transmission through belt drive with instruction manual with 3-roller feed system HOL HER, type ET 117 the feed system has right/left rotation and 8 speeds; the feed rollers are individually mounted and are all in new condition. the machine table is 1000 mm deep and 1200 mm wide; it has an extendable support table 1200 mm long. Lasdozt Ai Eopfx Apdsg the machine is ready for immediate use. 380 V, 4700 and 5700 W due to the 2 speeds with all necessary safety devices, motor brake, and emergency stop switch; the machine is approved by the German Wood Trade Association (Holz-BG) and has the GS safety mark. the machine weighs approximately 1000 kg with motor protection switch against overload professional-grade machine, not a hardware store reject optimal, simple, fast, and safe operation