Used Laminating Machine For Doors for sale (75,357)

Year of construction: 1996, condition: used, Door hinge drilling machine Kodpfxoc Nin Dj Adlsdt

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, Komfi Delta PLUS fóliázó gép B/2 méret ÉVJÁRAT:2005 Sérülésmentes tépő egység aparátos berakó egység hengerek jó állapotban vannak, azzonal munkába állítható Kdsdszznz Aopfx Adlot jelenleg használaton kívül, raktárban van.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Type: Automatic sheet-to-sheet laminating machine Manufacturer: Lamina system AB, Sweden Model: Laminating 1420 FA Technical Specifications Max. sheet size: Width 1420 mm Min. sheet size: Width 200 mm /Length 350 mm Kdsdpexnzmfofx Adlot Top sheet: 130 - 450 gm/m2, 1 pts = 28.25 g/m2 Bottom sheet: from 250 gm/m2 Thickness: 0.6 - 10mm (0,016 - 0,39*) Glue: PVA type or as specified Feeder height: Top: 500 mm Bottom: 800 mm Registration accuracy:* < +/- 0.50 mm Operating speed:* Up to 3000 sheets/hour Total installed power: 4.0 kW Electrics: 400 V, 3-Phase, neutral, 50/60 Air requirements: 6 bar; 0.6 MPa or 80 psi Approximately 500 lpm* Oil- and water free air

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2024, feed rate X-axis: 5 m/min, The machine has already been dismantled and stored. TECHNICAL DETAILS Kdjdpfxjzb Ip Io Adljt Adjustable speed: up to 5 m/min Roller pressure: pneumatic Adjustable temperature EQUIPMENT Manual system Swiveling, patented control panel Monochrome display Automatic sheet separation Anti-curl technology Compact design Faster Foiling KIT Ultra-quiet compressor Console on wheels IVIVID Matrix Omni-Flow Feeder 380 High-stack feeder LC display Adjustable front air flow Central suction belt Note: Accessories are without guarantee. The principle applies: “Item purchased as seen.” The prospective buyer must verify the completeness of the item on site.

Year of construction: 1992, condition: ready for operation (used), Max. working width: 1800mm, heating capacity: 111kW, controls: Siemens SIMATIC 5, length: 22,000mm, height: 4500mm, with bobbin carriage, unwinding station, fabric storage, rotating frame, platform, support frame, vibrating conveyor chute, spreading roller, feed rollers, scattering machine, powder conveyor, IR emitter, pyrometer, calender unit, ascending batch winder, cross-cutting device, other elements and accessories, including extensive documentation, suitable for all web-shaped materials such as foams, non-wovens, textiles, paper, etc., open coatings can also be made, i.e. coatings with powder/adhesive that can be reactivated later, e.g. preparation for thermoformed parts, stiffening nonwovens can also be produced, such as those used to reinforce shirt and jacket collars, on-site inspection is possible, the machine was completely overhauled around ten years ago and has not been used much since. Kodpsq Ixglofx Adljdt

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Ref:11066 . 2003 Autobond105 THS. B1, single sided, fully automatic thermal laminator. Excellent condition run less than 1.5 million sheets! Equipped with; Kodeydnxnopfx Adlodt Heidelberg deep pile suction feeder with back separation 250mm (10) diameter highly polished chrome laminating roller Laminating nip pressure up to 6 metric tonnes Film is mounted on a quick change air shaft Trim slitter and perforating mechanism Pneumatic clutch ensures precise film tension Swiss made temperature control unit Sheeter - Integral bump roller separator with anti-curl bar Pallet delivery table. Accessories: Ioniser Pro static eliminator. Specification: Sheet size Max: 105 cm (40”) x 76 cm (30”) Min: A4 Paper weight 90 gsm (80lb) - 650 gsm (24 PT) Film Range - 8 micron virgin & 24 micron (1 mil) to 75 micron (3 mil) thermal Top speed 45m (150') per minute with rising pile feeder.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, GENERAL TECHNICAL DATA: Performance Mechanical speed: up to 450 m/min Production speed: depending on substrates and adhesive system Web & Dimensions Maximum web width: 1330 mm Maximum laminating width: 1315 mm Minimum web width: 600 mm Roll Specifications Maximum roll diameter: • Unwinder: 1000 mm • Rewinder: 1000 mm Core diameters: • Unwinder: 3” / 6” (76 / 152 mm) • Rewinder: 6” (152 mm) Web Tension Unwinding: 500 N Rewinding (with taper tension): 550 N Electrical Data Voltage: 3 × 400 V ±10%, 50 Hz (without neutral) Total installed power: 85 kW Maximum input current: 120 A Main switch: 150 A Pneumatic Requirements Pressure: 6 – 9 bar Consumption: 70 l/min Feed connection: 1/2” Hydraulic System Pressure: 3 bar Cooling consumption: up to 2700 l/h Feed connection: 1/2” Cooling System Water pressure: max. 5 bar Water temperature: 15–20°C Temperature difference: 4°C Pressure difference: 2.5 bar Flow rate: 2000 l/h Machine Configuration • Shaftless unwinder (primary & secondary) • Shaftless rewinder • Automatic web guiding system • Adhesive metering system (5-roll application unit) • Laminating unit with pressure rollers • Cooling calender • PLC-controlled drive system • Touch screen control interface Materials (Supported) • Aluminium (ALU) • BOPP • LDPE / LLDPE • Nylon (Cast) • OPA • PET / PETP • PP (Cast) • Paper Material Thickness Range Kdjdpfx Adey Er A Uelet Films: approx. 7 – 200 µm (depending on material) Paper: 40 – 200 gsm Working Conditions Temperature: 10 – 40°C Humidity: 30 – 90% (non-condensing) Additional Equipment • Optional water chiller: approx. 21 kW cooling capacity • Closed-loop cooling system possible Control & Automation • PLC control system • Inverter-driven motors • Recipe storage (up to 500 jobs) • Production monitoring (speed, meters, tension) • Emergency stop system

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, Complete system with support/transport table with edge delamination and storage rack for laminated safety glass. Automatic glass stop and glass-rotating device. Ksdpfoxap Axex Adlodt

Condition: excellent (used), Now in stock at Glendale we have this GMP QTopic 380 Laminator with Foiling/Sleeking rewinder. Having been within a small digital implant, this laminator has had little use. The laminator is in perfect working order and includes the air compressor and foiling unit. Raising ordinary print work to 'extra-ordinary'.GMP QTopic 380 has been developed to meet specific print finishing requirements and built to exacting technical standards – with fully controllable pressure and heat processes, devised to deliver optimum results with today's digital print output. The GMP QTopic 380 offers pneumatic pressure which is required to get a great finishing when laminating and/or foiling is required. The pneumatic pressure is supplied by the integrated silent air compressor housed in the Qtopic 380 stand. This semi-automatic system is hand feed with automatic sheet separation. Capable of working at speeds up to 10 metres per minute the QTopic 380 can laminator over 1300 SRA3 per hour. Turnaround times and waste are further minimised with the unique 'burst separation' system. The laminating film is micro-perforated on the edge by the robust marking device and then separated by the pneumatic burst roller. This easily separates the laminated sheets prior to the actual edge of the media, leaving clean and square datum edges from which to measure, cut, fold or guillotine. Faultless lamination. Class-leading lamination for the commercial and digital printer. Using state-of-the-art technology, combined with integrated pneumatic pressure, the QTopic 380 delivers superior bonding and faster production times – compared to standard systems. In addition, the fully adjustable heat and pressure combinations enable a wider range of laminates to be used with litho or digital printed media. Stunning foiling. For today's printers who demand stunning results with that extra ‘wow’ factor – the GMP QTopic 380 delivers more than just class-leading lamination. Metallic, coloured, patterned or holographic style foils can be added to digitally printed materials in either spot or flood treatments. This decorative effect traditionally would involve costly custom die production to create these effects. However, the QTopic can deliver instant and affordable results - and with upgraded pneumatic pressure, an even wider choice of media is now suitable for great results! Specifications Manufacturer GMP Model QTopic 380 Year 2021 Condition Refurbished Stock Number 114941 Laminating speed 1.5m to 10m/min Paper weight 110-400gsm Kedpewi T Tvjfx Adlodt Warm up time 5 minutes Laminating temperature up to 150° Temperature control Touch screen Speed control Touch screen Roller pressure Pneumatic Film core (mm / inches) 77mm 3" Electrical requirements 220/240v 50/60Hz Machine weight 187kg Dimensions L2010mm x W710mm x H1475 - all when in use

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, STC-Ref: G-791-0215 Kdjdoz A Abdepfx Adlet D&K Europa System, Year: 2012 format: 540x740 mm equipped: - measurement 2880L x 1250W x 1440H mm - foil thickness 25 - 42 microns - temperature control: 80 - 140°C - reel lifter - final format max: 520 x 750 mm mm - final format min: 205 x 220 mm - weight 780 kg - max. speed (single-sided lamination): 25 m/min - flat pile feeder - Sleeking option - compressor - sheet decurler --> available: 12/2026

Condition: used, Second-hand Kuper veneer joining machine for the professional joining of veneers. Kdsdpszxhg Tefx Adlot Technical data: - Motor: 0.55 kW

Year of construction: 2013, condition: good (used), Technical specifications: (1) Minimum format: 400 x 400 mm Maximum format: 1260 x 1250 mm Top sheet: Cardboard from 180 – 450 g/m2 Bottom sheet: Between 0.5 and 8 mm Maximum speed: (2) Up to 6000 sheets/hour Accuracy: ± 1.5 mm Installed power: 17 kW Dimensions: 13.9 x 2.22 x 2.68 m Ksdpfx Aszry I Nsdlodt Weight: 7,000 kg (1) The manufacturer may modify the technical specifications without prior notice. (2) The speed may vary depending on the material and its quality, formats, and other production requirements.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, STC-Ref:G-131-0007 Kdsdpsyntmxsfx Adlst Fetzel -TLM-500 Pro, Year: 2021 format: max. 55 x 76 cm equipped: - thermofoil device - dimensions:240 x 132 x 162 cm - machine weight 900 kg - Single-sheet suction feeder - foil thickness 20 - 50 µm - foil reel max. 330 mm - paper size max. 550 x 760 mm - paper size min. 210 x 290 mm - paper grammature 120 - 300 gr/m³ - flat pile feeder - speed 40 m/min. max. - touchscreen - electronical double sheet control - temperature adjustable up to 130 C² - foil unwinding can be braked and swiveled out - Counterpressure roller (nip roller) rubberized and easy to replace - Druck/ pressure 6 bar --> available: 03/2026

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, PRODUCT TYPES: • Four side seal pouches • Quad seal pouches • Side seal pouches • Transverse zipper pouches • Gusset pouches • Bottom stick hole pouches • Micro-perforated pouches • Handle hole pouches • Round corner pouches MATERIALS: • LDPE • CPP • MCPP • AL • Nylon • PP • Laminated film structures MAIN TECHNICAL INFORMATION: Material thickness: 60–250 μm Max. web width: 1300 mm Max. roll diameter: 800 mm Core diameter: 3” and 6” Max. pouch width, quad seal: 400 mm Max. pouch length: 1000 mm Eye mark accuracy: ±1 mm Machine speed: 15–65 pcs/min Material speed: 40 m/min Main power: 400V, 50Hz, 3 phase Installed power: 100 kW Machine weight: approx. 18,000 kg Machine size: 33,500 × 4,200 × 1,800 mm POUCH SIZE RANGE: Quad seal / side welded width: 180–400 mm Gusset depth: max. 80 mm Minimum gusset depth: 30 mm Bag length: 360–1000 mm UNWINDING SECTION: • Air shaft unwinding • Magnetic powder brake • Dancing roller tension control • Servo-driven unwind system PERFORATION SYSTEM: • Micro perforation unit • Wheel type perforation • Additional perforation holes Kjdpfxszf Nk Tj Adljdt • Same type as existing machine configuration FOLDING SYSTEM: • Four side seal / quad bag folding wheel section SEALING AND COOLING SYSTEM: Mechanical press sealing system: Quad seal longitudinal sealing: 2 groups, 1010 mm Quad seal longitudinal cooling: 2 groups, 1010 mm Cross sealing station: 6 sets No. 1: K-seal No. 2: Gusset filling sealing No. 3: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 4: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 5: Cross seal, 740 mm length / 60 mm width No. 6: Cross cooling, 740 mm length / 60 mm width Additional 5 mm sealing section, upper and bottom PUNCHING SYSTEM: Tear slit / notch puncher 3-hole handle puncher Handle puncher: 20 × 80 mm, 3 sets Hole sizes: • 3 holes Ø20 mm • 20 × 80 mm • 24 × 77 mm Round corner puncher: 2 sets Puncher supports: 3 sets Bottom stick hole puncher: • 12 mm, 8 pcs • 16 mm, 8 pcs Vacuum system for punch waste removal DRIVE SYSTEM: Main motor: 3.5 kW Back draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Front draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Middle draw roller servo: 3.5 kW Longitudinal independent sealing servo: 5 kW × 2 Unwind servo motor: 1.5 kW × 1 / 3.5 kW × 1 Tension control servo: 3.5 kW × 1 Flying knife servo: 1.5 kW × 1 Manipulator sucker drive: 0.75 kW × 1 Finished product carrier counting drive: 0.75 kW × 1 CONTROL SYSTEM: • PLC control • 10” touch screen • Suitable for printed and unprinted bags • 16 temperature control zones • Individual temperature display • Temperature tolerance: ±2°C • High-sensitive eye mark sensor • Adjustable eye mark position STACKING SYSTEM: • Simple type stacking table • Static removal system • Automatic stop when machine stops • Alarm for bag output range: 25–100 bags • Step motor belt control • Belt width: 60 mm • Adjustable batch and belt length SAFETY SYSTEM: • Safety light curtain • Emergency pulling rope • Emergency buttons every 2 meters • Individual emergency control INCLUDED OPTION: ZIPPAK transversal zipper attachment Transversal zipper unwinder and rewinder Innolock / Velcro zipper capability Tooling for 3 zipper sizes: • 180–220 mm • 230–300 mm • 310 mm Micro-perforation holes Bottom stick hole puncher Trim rewinders Chiller

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: Mod 802 EI 48, Transformer lamination stacking machine EI 48 Kdsdpjyl Ad Uofx Adlot

Condition: excellent (used), Overview Now in stock at Glendale we have this Refurbished Foliant Vega 400A Automated Laminator with Digital Foiling. This B3+ laminator has been fully refurbished to excellent working condition and is designed for heavy duty digital output and B3 litho lamination. The Vega 400A is a compact industrial laminating machine capable of speeds of up to 18 metres per minute, producing over 2,000 SRA3 sheets per hour. It features a deep pile vacuum feeder, high speed bump separator, and non-stick pressure roller, ensuring reliable feeding and consistent lamination quality across both digital and offset printed sheets. The system includes an adjustable twin decurl unit for offset and digital prints, a digital foiling module for foil, holographic, glitter, and spot-UV style finishes, and the optional jogger reception unit for neat sheet delivery. The integrated pneumatic compressor allows the machine to operate without any external air supply, making it a versatile and compact finishing solution. The system has seen light use within a small digital printing operation and has processed under 75,000 laminated sheets since new. Key Features Rising pile vacuum feeder with belt head Built-in Becker vacuum pump Quick change film shaft with tension control Film capacity up to 3000 metres (22–42 micron) Inline trim slitter and perforating wheel Twin adjustable decurl system Heated chrome laminating roller Pneumatically adjustable pressure High speed bump separator Touchscreen control system Optional jogger reception included Why Buy the Refurbished Foliant Vega 400A? The Refurbished Foliant Vega 400A provides a highly productive and versatile laminating solution for print businesses producing both digital and offset work. Key benefits include: Production speeds of up to 18 metres per minute Output of over 2000 SRA3 sheets per hour Integrated digital foiling capability for premium finishes Twin decurl system for digital and litho prints Integrated compressor – no external air supply required Compact industrial footprint Fast warm-up time of under 10 minutes Optional jogger delivery included This system allows printers to produce high quality laminated products while also adding premium finishing effects such as digital foil and decorative lamination. Specifications Manufacturer Foliant Model Vega 400A Max sheet size 380mm x 660mm Min sheet size 200mm x 200mm Paper weight 115gsm - 500gsm Max speed 18 metres per minute Laminating roller pressure Pneumatic Feeder Automatic Suction Vacuum Belt Seperator Automatic bump rollers Decurl bar Standard - in run adjustable Air compressor Integrated as standard Warm up time 8 minutes Temperature range 80 - 140°C Kodoyxp Nxopfx Adlodt Jogger reception Included Power requirement 230/240v 50/60Hz Machine weight 370kg Machine dimensions with jogger (L)1980mm x (W)820mm x (H)1230mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Year: 2011 Maximum sheet size: 530 × 740 mm Laminating speed: up to 25 m/min Automatic suction feeder Pneumatic roller pressure Kdjdpfxsxtxd Se Adlst Automatic film cutting Compatible with gloss, matt, and soft touch films Short changeover time – ideal for short runs

Condition: excellent (used), The Freeman FUSING 48M is a professional machine designed for the thermal bonding of materials using temperature, pressure, and a conveyor belt. The device is used in the apparel, footwear, and leather industries, as well as in the production of laminated materials. The machine enables the durable bonding of interlinings, adhesive layers, and other reinforcing materials to fabrics and leather. Thanks to adjustable temperature, pressure, and belt speed, it allows for precise adjustment of operating parameters to suit the material being processed. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Freeman Model: FUSING 48M Serial number: 9315 Kjdpfx Aszgx Idsdlodt Power supply: 220 V 1 phase (1PH) Temperature control Pressure control Belt speed control Heated conveyor belt Pressure gauge Feeding and receiving table Steel construction Manufacturer: The Louis G. Freeman Co., USA Applications: Bonding of interlinings and apparel linings Lamination of fabrics and technical materials Production of clothing and leather goods Bonding of materials using heat-activated adhesives Heat transfer and fixing of appliques

Condition: used, Used cabinet door drilling machine with 8 drilling units on the right side and 4 drilling units with heads on the left side. Kjdsy Ud Syspfx Adljdt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, Working Width: 1315 mm Materials: ALU, LDPE, LLDPE, OPA, PET, PAPER, BOPP Unwinder Diameter: 1000 mm Rewinder Diameter: 1500 mm Mechanical Speed: 500 m/min Primary Unwinder Max roll Ø: 1000 mm | Core: 76 / 152 mm | Max weight: 1000 kg Web width: 1330 mm | Max lamination width: 1315 mm | Min web width: 500 mm Secondary Unwinder Max roll Ø: 1500 mm | Core: 76 / 152 mm | Max weight: 2000 kg Web width: 1330 mm | Max lamination width: 1315 mm | Min web width: 500 mm Hydraulic loading, BST OPG web guide, photocell edge detection Rewinder Max roll Ø: 1500 mm | Core: 76 / 152 mm | Max weight: 2000 kg Web width: 1330 mm | Max lamination width: 1315 mm Working Width: 1315 mm Materials: ALU, LDPE, LLDPE, OPA, PET, PAPER, BOPP Unwinder Diameter: 1000 mm Rewinder Diameter: 1500 mm Mechanical Speed: 500 m/min Adhesive Systems Single-component Monodispenser (VEA) for paper laminations Two-component solventless PU dispenser Heating belts for 200 kg adhesive drums Materials: Kdedpfx Adeyiu I Tolot ALU 6.35–50 μm | LDPE/LLDPE 30–200 μm | OPA 12–50 μm | PET 10–30 μm | Paper 40–200 gsm | BOPP 12–80 μm Controls & Accessories PLC Siemens Simatic DP IM 151-8F PN/DP CPU ET200S Semi-automatic roll trolley 1000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, CNC WORKING LINE FOR DOOR FRAMES, comprising: 1 HORIZONTAL LOADING TRANSFER MOTORIZED, model 0190 T.C Ksdpfx Adeygcmfeledt Loading buffer with horizontal transversal belts and motorized rollers with variable speed control. 1 gasket insertion unit on a horizontal groove, consisting of: - 2 motorized gasket roll holders - 1 pressure roller insertion unit - 1 cutting unit positioned near the end of the profile 1 cutting/drilling machine for finished cuts, model 01TFRD SPECIAL, referencing the upper workpiece. Suitable for cutting, drilling, milling, and hinge (anuba) insertion on door jambs. MACHINE CONFIGURATION: Worktable constructed of a solid steel frame, with a fixed left section and a movable right section. Electronically controlled positioning system, supporting a total of 6 machining units: 2 on the right, 2 on the left, and 2 on the upper bridge. 1 CENTRAL MOTORIZED SHUTTLE with CNC control for milling the ends of jambs. 1 HORIZONTAL RADIAL CUTTING STATION, 0-45°, quick tilting with selector, featuring 2 groups (one per side). Each side with its own motor, including a timed entry system to prevent double cutting positions. Cutting motor power: 5 HP – 3000 rpm – inverter-controlled. Cutting blade bore: 30 mm. Saw blade diameter: 370 mm. Adjustable extraction hoods and safety guards. 1 HORIZONTAL HEAD DRILLING STATION 0-45°, fast vertical tilt with selector, with 2 groups (right and left). 2 HP motor, 3000 rpm. 7-spindle drilling head with 32 mm pitch. Individually selectable spindles. Groups travel on linear guides for increased speed and drilling accuracy, with longitudinal and vertical adjustment capability. 1 UPPER VERTICAL ROUTING (PANTOGRAPHING) STATION, on a transverse bridge, with 1 motor for counterplate slotting, 2 HP, 12,000/18,000 rpm. Vertical, horizontal, and depth (x-y-z axis) movements are CNC-controlled, utilizing precision linear guides and recirculating ball carriages. Equipped with tool holder collet. 1 HORIZONTAL ANUBA DRILLING STATION, with 1 CNC-positioned motorized unit moving in conjunction with the router. Includes a drilling unit, custom Anuba inserting unit, and custom Anuba feeder with approx. 35 piece capacity (depending on Anuba diameter). 1 LINE CONTROL COMPUTER Capable of importing data (CSV or ASCII) via MMC (Memory Card). Note: The imported data will be used for automatic positioning and execution of processing steps as per the job list. Workpiece dimensions: Minimum length: 580 mm (45° internal for frame) Maximum length: 3000 mm (45° external for frame) Minimum thickness: 30 mm Maximum thickness: 60 mm Minimum width: 75 mm Maximum width: 300 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1998, Working width: 650-1305mm, exception PET/ALU/PE and ALU/PE: max. 1100mm, production speed: 120-220m/min, max. operating speed: 300m/min, max. primary unwinding roll diameter: 1000mm, core inner diameter cardboard core: 76/152mm, steel core: 150mm, adhesive application 2K for film/film: approx. 1.5-2.5g/m², 1K for paper/film: approx. 2.5-4g/m², max. secondary unwinding roll diameter: 1000mm, core inner diameter cardboard core: 76/152mm, steel core: 150mm, max. rewinding roll diameter: 1200mm, core inner diameter cardboard core: 152mm, steel core: 150mm, processable materials, min. polyester film: 10µm, min. aluminum foil: 6.6µm, min. PE film primary unwinder: 40µm, min. PE film secondary unwinder: 30µm, max. paper: 150g/m², length: 8625mm, complete documentation vorhanden. An on-site inspection is possible. Ksdpfoy Uydfjx Adlodt

Condition: good (used), Build in 2006 Komfi Aspira Laminating machine Max laminating speed 15 m/min Max sheet width 52 cm Sheet size max. 52x74 cm; min. 20x20 cm Paper weight . 115-350g/sqm. Ksdpfx Adjgyzzujledt

Year of construction: 2006, condition: ready for operation (used), An inspection is possible. Ksdpfx Adoqvnmbjlsdt

Year of construction: 2010, condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: 09942, Mercerizing machine No.: 09942 Year of production: 2010 Manufacturer: Goller Textilmaschinen GmbH Am Hammeranger 1 95126 Schwarzenbach/Saale GERMANY The machine is used for mercerizing cotton fabrics (knitted fabrics) with caustic soda solution in three stages: treatment with alkaline solution, washing (stabilization) and rinsing (neutralization). Kdodeyhn A Iepfx Adlet