Used Sonderposten Vierkantrohr Rectangular Tube for sale (2,401)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1997, 5-Axis CNC Tube Bending Machine BLM Dynamo – 0 Njdet R Tgispfx Airslh Serial number: 605970300001 Year of manufacture: 1997 Voltage: 380V 50HZ Machine weight: 1500 kg Control: DOC 85C BLM Bar Loader BLM CARM 7 Serial number: 340040102059 Year of manufacture: 2004 Weight: 405 kg Without conveyor belt Without protective guard TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of axes: 5 Average output: ~ 2400 bends/h Bending capacity, round tube R=45 kg/mm²: 4 - 12.7 x 1.5 mm Bending capacity, round tube R=35 kg/mm²: 4 - 14 x 1 mm Bending capacity, round tube Al/Cu/Ms: 4 - 18 x 1.25 mm Bar loader: BLM Carm 7 (Year: 2004) Positioning speed, X-axis: 2000 mm/s Bending speed, H/Z Y-axis: 500 °/s Rotation speed, Z-axis: 900 °/s Rotation speed, Z-axis: 100 °/s Positioning speed, T-axis: 500 mm/s Measuring tolerance, X/T axis: ± 0.1 mm Measuring tolerance, Y/Z/Q axis: ± 0.1° Maximum reach with maximum acceleration X-Y-Z: 1000 mm - 90/90/0° - ° with tube 18 x 1.25 mm MACHINE DETAILS Voltage: 380 V, 50 Hz Hydraulic pressure: max. 120 bar Machine weight: 1500 kg Control: DOC 85C Ex works Dortmund, free loading onto truck.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, AI Overview A 13-meter tube-in-tube heat exchanger paired with a mono (progressive cavity) pump is a heavy-duty industrial setup designed for continuous heating or cooling of high-viscosity, abrasive, or fiber- and particulate-laden fluids (such as wastewater sludge, digestate, food purees, pulps, or industrial effluents). [1, 2, 3] Core System Components & Description Tube-in-Tube (Double-Pipe) Heat Exchanger (13 Meters): Design: Consists of a concentric layout where a smaller inner tube (often corrugated to boost turbulence and heat transfer) is nested inside a larger outer shell tube. Flow Configuration: The process fluid flows counter-currently through the inner tube, while the service/heating/cooling medium flows through the annular space between the inner and outer tubes. Length & Scale: A 13-meter run (frequently modular or multi-pass/series-connected units mounted on a skid frame) provides an extended thermal exchange surface area suited for duty points requiring significant temperature delta (Δ T) without clogging. Handling Solids: Ideal for fluids containing suspended solids, large particles, or fibers up to tens of millimeters that would choke standard plate heat exchangers. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Mono Pump (Progressive Cavity Pump): Function: Acts as a positive-displacement feed pump that delivers a steady, controlled, low-shear flow rate of the product medium into the heat exchanger. Why it fits: Progressive cavity ("mono") technology prevents pulsation and handles abrasive, thick, or high-viscosity slurries smoothly without damaging sensitive cell structures or choking under backpressure. [1] Key Applications Wastewater and sewage sludge heating or cooling. Viscous food-industry processing (sauces, pulps, creams, purees). Industrial effluent and dye-house waste heat recovery. Continuous thermal treatment requiring plug-flow characteristics and easy Clean-in-Place (CIP) maintenance Cooling: Yes Heating: Yes Temperatures: Depending on Connection Feed Pump: Mono Pump for Viscous Products Nlsdpfoz Ruxlox Airoh CIP: This is cleaned through the CIP system Tube in Tube Legth: 13 meters including bends

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, BAYKAL LASER TUBE CUTTING MACHINES: BLT 2D or 3D cutting, from 1 kilowatt to 6 kilowatts, laser tube cutting machine for superior quality, no need for sawing, drilling or deburring. BAYKAL BLT 2D or 3D Lasertubes is a fast and flexible tube laser cutting machine with 6 meters and 8 meters size options and a cutting option XXL pipes up to 220 millimeters and rectangular tubes up to 220 by 220 millimeters , wall thicknesses of up to 10 millimeters for mild steel. Important technical information for BAYKAL BLT 2D or 3D Lasertubes; Maximum outside diameter of round tube in millimeters: 220 Maximum outside dimensions of rectangular tube in millimeters: 220 by 220 Maximum workpiece weight in kilogram/meter: 70 Technical specifications for loading; Load 1 ( front rear ): Bundle Load 2 ( front rear ): Semi auto load Load 3: Manual Minimum loading length (meter): 2 meters Maximum unloading length (meter): 4 - 6 meters Bundle loading capacity (kilogram): 3500 kilogram Technical specifications for unloader; Three programmable positions, rear conveyor belt and motorized front and rear collection tables. Unloading length (meter): 4 - 6 meters Nlodpfxort Hurj Aireh

Condition: good (used), pipe diameter (max.): 30 mm, input voltage: 380 V, Tube bending machine Brand: Margua Model: CEM-30 Maximum bending capacity: 30 x 1.5 mm Maximum square tube capacity: 25 x 25 x 1.5 mm Maximum center radius: 115 mm Minimum inner radius: 25 mm Motor power: 4 HP (Three-phase 380V) Tube accessories: - Dies for 22mm tube - Dies for 28mm tube Njdsz Dti Ijpfx Airslh - Dies for 20.5mm tube Drive and control: Electromechanical with angle selector and mechanical stop. Bending system: Die-forming draw bending (with or without mandrel).

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 15 h, machine/vehicle number: 121282, BENDMAK PRO 120 – Hydraulic three-roll profile and tube bending machine | 2024 | only 15.5 hours of use Nljdpfezzkvpsx Aireh We offer a nearly new hydraulic three-roll profile and tube bending machine, BENDMAK PRO 120, manufactured in 2024. The machine has been used only minimally. The control system currently shows only 15 hours and 27 minutes of machine operating time and 31 hours and 14 minutes of hydraulic operating time. Operating times can be verified directly on the machine's display – see photos. The machine is fully functional, in very good technical condition, and ready for immediate use. The sale includes an extensive set of interchangeable rolls/tools for bending various profiles and tubes, as shown in the photos. Technical data: Manufacturer: BENDMAK Model: PRO 120 Year of manufacture: 2024 Serial number: 121282 Machine operating hours: 15:27 h Hydraulic operating hours: 31:14 h Type: hydraulic three-roll profile bending machine Shaft diameter: 120 mm Working roll diameter: 390 mm Motor power: 11 kW Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz Weight: 4,720 kg CE Equipment and accessories: hydraulically controlled lower rolls hydraulic side guide rolls drive for all three rolls separate mobile control panel touchscreen display multiple sets of interchangeable rolls/tools for various profiles and tubes accessories shown in the photos are included in the sale The machine can be inspected and demonstrated in operation on-site.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, control type: CNC control, actuation type: electric, laser type: fiber laser, laser power: 12,000 W, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, warranty duration: 24 months, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Equipment model: NS56FG Nedjww Umaspfx Airslh Maximum tubelength:

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, motorized notching machine, 4 stations, drive power 2.2 kW Njdpfxoz Smvgj Airslh

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Year of construction: 2006, machine/vehicle number: 109, control type: NC control, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: siemens, pipe diameter (max.): 80 mm, pipe length (max.): 4,500 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 4 mm, bending angle (max.): 180 °, overall weight: 1,500 kg, Equipment: CE marking, emergency stop, Tracto Technik mandrel bending machine TB 80 L Year of manufacture 2006 with bending tools 11/4", 11/2", 2" gas with mandrel rods and mandrels Tube feed length 4500 mm Bending direction: right Bending capacity up to tube 76.1 x 4.0 mm Maximum bending radius 200 mm Electro-hydraulic drive 3.5 kW 400 volts 50 Hz 3-phase Overall length 5615 mm Weight 1500 kg Nsdez Rn Sropfx Airolh Freestanding bending head for maximum bending freedom Electronic bending axis control via touch panel, with setpoint/actual value display, automatic angle adjustment and memory function Tube clamping hydraulically, clamping pressure adjustable Glide block adjustment hydraulically Glide block unit rotating (glide guide) Bending mandrel extraction hydraulically Machine is mobile and can be used flexibly

Condition: good (used), pipe diameter (max.): 25 mm, pipe length (max.): 2,500 mm, bending radius (max.): 180 mm, CNC Tube Bender Nljdsz E U Stopfx Airoh Brand: StarBend Model: STAR 250 CN3-PC-S Year: 2007 Serial Number: 072500924 Type: High-precision CNC tube bender Features: - CNC control with integrated PC - 3 numerically controlled axes - Y-axis (Bending): Controlled by a brushless servomotor - X-axis (Feed/Advance): Controlled by a brushless servomotor - Z-axis (Spatial tube rotation): Controlled by a brushless servomotor. - Tube bending with high repeatability - Max. tube diameter: 25mm (Tube wall thickness of 1.5 to 2.5mm depending on the radius) - Usable length over mandrel: 2,500 mm - Maximum bending radius: 180 mm - Programming by bending sequences - Program memory - High productivity in series production - Pneumatic internal mandrel extraction and insertion. Available Bending Kits: - TUBE 28mm Radius 61mm - TUBE 15mm Radius 35 - TUBE 22mm Radius 36mm

Condition: good (used), The scope of delivery includes: 01x rectangular tube, used profile dim.: approx. 50 x 30 mm Material color: orange total length: approx. 3.660 mm center-center-hole: approx. 3.630 mm material thickness: approx. 1,50 mm Number of drill holes: 2 pcs. Drill hole Ø: approx. 10 mm Weight / pc.: 6,150 Kg Your contact person in our company: Mr.: Andre Evering Nlodpfxondiqds Airsh Mr.: Mario Klöver Mr.: Falk Deutsch General information about the item: This item is offered for pickup only. A beyond that desired transport or a shipment of this article is associated with additional additional costs, which are separately depending on the place of delivery or scope of delivery can be requested from us.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, laser hours: 20 h, laser power: 3,000 W, laser wavelength: 1,060 nm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 12 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, overall weight: 3,600 kg, total length: 8,600 mm, total width: 1,400 mm, total height: 2,400 mm, working range: 61,00,230 mm, Equipment: cooling unit, ATTENTION: Demonstration machine – The K-series sets new standards in terms of price and performance. It is a space-saving alternative to conventional tube laser cutting machines and offers an unbeatable price. With a length of just over 8 meters, it fits into almost any workshop. The time required to process bar stock, such as round, rectangular, square tubes, and profiles, is reduced to a minimum. An automated or semi-automated loading system is also available. Nljdpfxoh Igimo Airoh

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, 3 - D Bending with fully automatic process controlled by NC Maximum pipe diameter: 50 mm Nljdpfx Aez Dntueirjh Includes 3 bending dies: 26.9 mm, 33.7 mm, 42.4 mm Used very little, therefore in very good condition.

Year of construction: 2021, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - FIBER LASER CUTTING MACHINE FOR TUBES WITH LOADING/UNLOADING SYSTEM MIN CIRCULAR SECTION: 20 mm MAX CIRCULAR SECTION: 152,4 mm MAX SQUARE SECTION: 152,4 X 152,4 mm Nledpfszxu Nnox Aireh SOURCE: IPG fibra 3000W ; 3000 W CONTROL UNIT: CUTLITE PENTA Z32 ACCESSORIES: FUME EXHAUSTER ; ETHERNET PORT ; USB PORT NOTE: AUTOMATIC BAR LOADING 6500mm; BAR UNLOADING UP TO 6000 mm; TUBE UNLOADING CUTTED ON THE BELT - MAX LENGHT 5000mm; CAPACITIVE SENSOR; No 2 INNER MONITORING WEBCAMS; ADDITIONAL X AXIS FOR HIGH-SPEED DRILLING; ALMA SOFTWARE

Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 1,800 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, clamping diameter: 200 mm, laser power: 3,000 W, machine/vehicle number: WS-13.04.2021-31-F, laser source manufacturer: Raycus, We offer this used Weni Solution WS6020TL tube laser, manufactured in 2021. Nsdpezdza Rofx Airolh Brand: Weni Solution Model: WS6020TL Laser power: 3000 W Working area: 6000 × 200 mm Year of manufacture: 2021 Input voltage: 400 V/50 Hz ±5% Weight: 3000 kg Power consumption: 27 kVA Matching extraction system also available. Inspection and functional testing before purchase are highly recommended (dismantling on 07/06/2026). Sale exclusively to businesses, excluding any warranty, guarantee, right of return, or conversion, to the extent permitted by law. The machine is sold in its current condition (“as inspected” or “as is”). Information on technical data, condition, operating hours, accessories, and possible applications is provided to the best of our knowledge, but without any guarantee of completeness or accuracy. The buyer is responsible for transport, installation, commissioning, maintenance, compliance with all safety regulations, and official requirements, as well as the intended use of the machine. Any claims arising from product liability, manufacturer’s warranties, or services are subject exclusively to the terms and conditions of the respective manufacturer. The transfer of risk occurs upon collection of the machine (EXW). If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: used, Manufacturer: KAPP Model: KF3-1500-1 Year: 2020Type: shell-and-tube heat exchanger / tubular heat exchanger Condition: new (declassified) – never put into production. Material: 316L stainless steel Heat transfer surface area: 2 m² Original working fluid: steam, Group 2 (tube) / 70 per cent glycol, Group 2 (shell) Operating pressure: -1/8 bar (tube) / -1/6 bar (shell) Operating temperature: 180 °C (tube) / 150 °C (shell) Test pressure: 17.6 bar (tube) / 16.3 bar (shell) Volume: 7 L (tube) / 10 L (shell) Nominal diameter: 85 mm Heat exchanger length: 1,440 mm Nljdpfxoz Iubte Aireh Outer diameter: 130 mm A bundle of around thirty tubes, flanged tube sheet Heat exchanger with expansion joint (bellows) Flanged connections on the heat exchanger side (inlet and outlet) 2 stainless steel mounting brackets Unladen weight: approximately 50 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Model: K110 K230 K360 Working Area: from 8649×1398×1811mm to 10000×3500×2100mm Laser Output Power: 3000w/2000w/1500w/1000w X/Y-axis positioning accuracy: 0.05mm X/Y-axis repositioning accuracy: 0.03mm X/Y-axis Max. linkage speed: 60m/min 1. Integrated full protection cover Integrated full protection cover design, Njdog D Ntqepfx Airelh installing in place, greatly reducing installation time. 2. Bodor Genius T needle nose auto-focusing laser head Bodor Genius T needle nose auto-focusing laser head, applicable for all kinds of tubes such as angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, etc. 3. Rectangular Tube Welded Bed Simple structure and flexible layout. 4. Bodor Thinker 3.0 System The dedicated control system of tube cutting machine integrated with the most advanced technology, can cut angle steel and channel steel directly without nesting and returning home. 5. Applicable to smaller clamping diameter The rear jaws can clamp the pipe to go through the front chuck, which greatly shortens the physical distance between the cutting head and the rear chuck jaws. Tail length is reduced to 70mm and the material utilization rate is increased to 99%. 6. Ergonomics Loading and operating on both sides; and humanized interaction interface, convenient and smooth operation, and favorable user experience. 7. Integrated design Integrated design of electric control cabinet and main body, saving the space occupied, standardizing the line installation.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Offered is a vacuum tube lifter with pillar-mounted jib crane. Maximum load capacity: 85kg. Weight of the lifting unit: 63.5kg. Equipped with a vacuum lifting unit, ergonomic control unit with handle, vacuum gripper, vacuum supply hose, side channel blower with filter, as well as a pillar-mounted jib crane with jib arm and movable suspension. Inspection possible by arrangement. Nlsdpfe Afpl Uox Airoh

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, Semi-automatic tube bending machine for tubes up to 30 mm with extended bending clearance, especially for meander bending Standard equipment: • Operation via Siemens Touch Panel KTP 600 • Function keys and plain text display for operator guidance • Program memory internally for 100 programs with 20 data sets each • Bending axis electronically controlled • Automatic bending angle adjustment • Target/actual value display for bending angle • Control panel swiveling • Bending head freestanding • Tube clamping hydraulically, clamping pressure adjustable • Guide block adjustment hydraulically • Bending mandrel extension hydraulically • Machine can be used in a mobile manner • Extended bending clearance for bending radii up to R max = 200 mm 1 TUBOBEND 30 with tube feed length 1,500 mm Technical data: Tube range up to: 30.0 x 3.0 mm (E 235 with Rm = 2xD) Bending radius up to: 200 mm Control: electronic Effective bending angle (max.): 180° (+10° overbending) Switch-off accuracy: ± 0.1° Bending speed (max.): 45°/s Dimensions L/W/H: 2200 / 600 / 1100 mm Weight: approx. 500 kg Power: 1.5 kW Connection data: 400 V / 50 Hz / 3 phases Mains fuse: CEE 16 A Color: RAL 5015 blue Optional equipment Njdpfozichasx Airjlh 1 piece. Length stop device, length 1500 mm 1 piece. Early mandrel retraction to optimize arc quality • For use with ball mandrels • Mandrel is automatically retracted during the bending process • Adjustment up to 10° continuously programmable 1 piece. Automatic mandrel lubrication as a minimum quantity lubrication system Pneumatic dosing device HP-Microspray (compressed air connection required) 1 piece. Safety foot switch for clamping and bending function 1 piece. Adjustable bending speed Note/Remark: The tube is approximately 500 mm round at the beginning and end of the bend (tube and tool = Ø 33.7 mm). The tube is only flattened into a flat oval tube in the spiral. The spiral only has one bend at each end. Bending of return bends is not possible. Since the tube is round, a pre-rotation can be performed to compensate for the slope. The position of the bend or the spiral must be determined using an external device.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, table length: 6,000 mm, total length: 6,000 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Ercolina EB 45 with tooling for inch-sized pipes Nedoyr H A Ijpfx Airjlh Inspection and demonstration possible by appointment.

Year of construction: 2005, condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Two identical vacuum tube lifters from Schmalz, model JumboErgo 35, are for sale. Each unit includes a vacuum pump, control handle, hose package, and other accessories as shown in the pictures. These systems are suitable for the ergonomic lifting and moving of suitable wood panels, wood-based materials, and other flat components. The suitability depends on the material, surface, and the suction gripper used and must be checked before use. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Schmalz Model: JumboErgo 35 Type designation: JUMBOERG35-DUMM Year of manufacture: 06/2005 Maximum lifting capacity: 35 kg Weight according to nameplate: 60 kg Includes vacuum pump Includes control handle and hose package Two identical units available Scope of delivery as shown in the photos Condition The devices were purchased by us as part of an industrial auction but were not subsequently used in operation. Nlodozyk R Repfx Airjh A complete functional test has not yet been carried out. The sale is therefore made in the existing, used, and untested condition. Signs of wear and tear due to age and use are present. An inspection and testing on-site is possible after prior appointment and is expressly desired. Price Price per unit: €1,500.00 net, negotiable plus 19% VAT = €1,785.00 gross Package price for both units: €2,800.00 net, negotiable plus 19% VAT = €3,332.00 gross The sale is made by a commercial seller. An invoice with VAT will be issued. Location: 35110 Vöhl-Altenlotheim Collection and assistance with loading are possible by arrangement.

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2009, Used tube bending machine from Jutec Type: 5000 Nodpfx Aioyfmwxsrslh Capacity: up to approx. 40 mm Mandrel length: 4500 mm CNC controlled Automatic head Manually rotatable head with hydraulic clamping Incl. 3 sets of tools Year of manufacture: 2009 Very little used

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, gebraucht 1988 090151 prompt, Zwischenverkauf v Italien 12800 € 1 42 mm 4665 mm 800 mm 1160 mm 1470 kg 42 x 2,5 mm 40 x 1,2 mm 30 x 40 x 1,7 mm 40 x 30 x 1,3 mm 255 mm 22 mm Nedpjxx A Ekjfx Airolh 180 ° 90 °/s 5.5 kW 120 l Capacity specifications refer to 400 N/mm² Maximum bending radius with pipe guide rollers: 255 mm Maximum bending radius with pipe guide slide: 175 mm Minimum bending angle: 4° Maximum usable length without positioning device: 3900 mm Maximum usable length with positioning device: 3370 mm Adjustable mandrel extension travel from 8 mm Opening and closing travel of the counter-clamping jaws: 0-45 mm Opening and closing travel of the rollers or slides: 12-22-42 mm Operating manual in German Machine does not comply with AMVO or UVV regulations Tools not included BUYING USED MACHINERY IS A MATTER OF TRUST - OUR TRANSPARENCY PROMISE We offer you maximum security and complete transparency. • HONEST INSIGHTS: Detailed photos and functional videos of the current condition • LIVE ON-SITE CHECK: Live testing is possible at our facility • DIGITAL DEMONSTRATION: Individual live demonstration via video call • RISK-FREE PURCHASE: 14-day return policy Details:

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, A semi-automatic table-top tube sealing machine from Neweco is available. Tube materials: LDPE/HDPE/PE/PP/laminate, max. tube diameter: 50mm, max. tube length: 250mm, max. sealing capacity: approx. 720tubes/h, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 600mm/800mm/800mm, weight: approx. 70kg, estimated counter reading: approx. 80000tubes. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Nodpfx Aszpyymsirslh

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, maximum load weight: 260 kg, overall weight: 3,500 kg, loading space length: 10,000 mm, loading space width: 2,500 mm, color: light grey, Year of construction: 2025, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser power: 3,000 W, pipe length (max.): 6,000 mm, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Hohe Geschwindigkeit · Hohe Präzision · Hohe Stabilität Diese Maschine verfügt über ein hochpräzises Spannsystem, das speziell für das Rohrschneiden entwickelt wurde. Dank hervorragender Abdichtung und Staubschutz bietet sie eine Spanngenauigkeit von ≤0,1 mm – ideal für die hochpräzise Bearbeitung kleiner Rohre. Das Spannfutter dreht sich mit bis zu 160 U/min und erreicht eine Beschleunigung von 1,5 G. Dies ermöglicht die hocheffiziente Bearbeitung von Rohren mit kleinem Durchmesser. Nedpfxswwi H Ue Airjlh Unterstützt automatisches oder halbautomatisches Laden. Ermöglicht mühelos intelligente und automatisierte Bearbeitung. Eine Maschine ersetzt drei Mitarbeiter.

Condition: used, Used scaffolding tubes – heavy-duty steel, various lengths Large quantity of used steel scaffolding tubes with a standard diameter of 48.3 mm. The tubes come from professional use and are in good technical condition, with normal signs of wear. Suitable for scaffolding construction, temporary structures, fencing, support, event construction, and various other applications. Specifications Type: Scaffolding tube / construction tube Diameter: 48.3 mm Material: Galvanized steel Condition: Used Stock location: Andelst, Gelderland Sale: Per length or per batch Available lengths: 1.00 m 2.00 m Nlodpfx Aie Aawumorsh 3.00 m 4.00 m 5.00 m 6.00 m Other lengths available upon request Advantages Robust industrial quality Suitable for outdoor use Large quantities available in stock Suitable for various coupling systems Available per length or larger batch Suitable for export and resale Application Widely applicable for scaffolding construction, fencing, temporary structures, support, event construction, and other professional applications.