Used Vermeer Track-Type Trenching Machine for sale (87,338)

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2024, ### Discover our selection of robust and precise bed milling machines! Are you in search of a reliable bed milling machine that boosts your productivity? Experience unparalleled precision and performance with our new and refurbished bed milling machines. Our machines offer X-travel distances from 1500-5000mm and are available with Heidenhain or Siemens control. With Y and Z travel distances up to 1200mm, you have limitless possibilities. Some refurbished machines are in stock and quickly available! Discover our extensive special accessories, such as universal heads, tool changers, and more, to make your bed milling machine even more versatile. Whether for complex workpieces or challenging tasks, our machines always deliver the best results. Trust in our years of experience and let us optimize your machining processes together. Invest in quality and precision - contact us today! Here is a selection of possible machine types, and we are happy to offer additional models or special machines upon request: TECHNICAL MAIN DATA: BFM Series including 15% BAFA subsidy and more! - X-travel: 1500-5000 mm - Y-travel: 1000 mm - Z-travel: 950 (opt. 1500) mm - Max. table load: 5000 kg - Spindle taper: 50 SK - Spindle speed: 3500 (5000 opt.) rpm - Spindle drive: 15/18.5 (22/26 opt) kW ACCESSORIES: Manual Universal Head, Siemens or Heidenhain Control, Linear scales in X-Y-Z axis, Chip Conveyor Screw execution front/rear, and more. Extensive SPECIAL ACCESSORIES available on request to make the machine even more productive. Currently available refurbished machines with warranty and BAFA subsidy, e.g.: - CORREA CF17D: HEIDENHAIN TNC-426, Travels (X/Y/Z): 2000 / 800 / 800 mm, manual milling head, and more. - CORREA CF25/25: HEIDENHAIN TNC-530, Travels (X/Y/Z): 2500 / 1000 / 1500 mm, automatic universal head UAD (all 0.1º) / 6,000 rpm, and more. - Additional models available on request Contact us now and explore the world of innovative bed milling technology! Our service for you: - Consultation and solution finding on-site - Organization of machine transport to your facility Isdjpwn Hhopfx Af Esid - Installation, assembly, commissioning, and ready-to-use handover - Financing and exploration of funding opportunities through KFW and BAFA, and more.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, functionality: limited functionality, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 900 mm, table width: 700 mm, table length: 1,800 mm, Anayak VH 1800 bed milling machine with 4th axis Ijdpfjypxtajx Af Eeid Control system: Heidenhain TNC 415 B 4th axis as a rotary table, table diameter approx. 530 mm Tool holder: SK 50 Machine is operational, further condition unknown Machine is still connected to power Overhead crane available for loading

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, travel distance X-axis: 8,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,300 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 36 rpm, table width: 5,500 mm, table length: 2,600 mm, total height: 4,900 mm, total width: 16,200 mm, total length: 9,000 mm, overall weight: 55,100 kg, CNC Floor Type Bed Milling Machine CNC Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 Controlled NC Table 1600 x 1600 mm Table dimensions 5500 x 2600 mm Iedpfx Aeza Egnjf Eeid Movement X-axis 8000 mm Movement Y-axis 2100 mm Movement Z-axis 1300 mm Movement W-axis 1000 mm C-axis-swivel of milling head body 360 ° A-axis-swivel of milling head 180° Spindle speed 36 - 6.000 R/min Spindle motor 42 / 30 kW Spindle taper DIN 69871-SK 50 Tools in tool magazine 48 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, machine/vehicle number: 743, There are two units available, manufactured in 2010 and 2007. (Please provide your offer price.) Iijdpfx Aozfwqzsf Eod Sales are limited to within Europe, including Turkey. Price excludes packaging; delivery terms: FCA (machine location). ===== Technical data can be found in the attached handout. All warranty rights are excluded. We assume no liability for the accuracy of the technical data and year of manufacture, for the completeness of accessories and tool equipment, and for compliance with all safety and environmental protection requirements mentioned in the accident prevention regulations. No sales to private individuals.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, spindle diameter 90 mm x-travel 900 mm y-travel 900 mm z-axis 1200 mm w-axis 800 mm table surface area 900 x 1200 mm rotation movement 360 Grad table load 6,0 t turning speeds 25 - 1400 U/min spindle taper ISO 40 voltage 380 V / 50 Hz drive milling spindle 9,2 kW total power requirement 35 KVA weight of the machine ca. 10 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,5 x 2,8 x 2,5 m • Machine had been completely refurbished in 1994 by the manufacturer Iedpfxstv H Uce Af Esid • new switch cabinet, • new Servo-drive BOSCH and HEIDENHAIN-control TNC 360,(3D control) • valve plate Ø 600 mm. • traverse distance: 150 mm The machine is currently not ready for demonstration due to a fault in the electrical system.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, x-travel 1200 mm Isdpfxevw Duhj Af Ejid y-travel 600 mm z-travel 600 mm table-size 1300 x 600 mm max. workpiece weight 2000 kg spindle taper ISO 50 spindle turning speed - stepless 30 - 3500 U/min feeds -stepless- 1 - 6000 mm/min rapid traverse 10 m/min power capacity - milling spindle 18 kW max. torque on the spindle 500 Nm distance work spindle /surface of the table 267 - 867 mm distance table-vertical head 58 - 658 mm voltage 380 V / 50 Hz control voltage 230 V total power requirement 22 kW weight of the machine ca. 6,5 t dimensions 3,6 x 4,2 x 2,3 mm • CNC control DR. HEIDENHAIN TNC 360, • hydr. tool clamping attachment • electr. handwheel, • vertical head manually tiltable, • coolant device,

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1973, spindle diameter 140 mm x-travel 2000 mm y-travel 2000 mm z-axis 1500 mm spindle stroke - max. 800 mm spindle taper ISO 50 table surface area 1800 x 1500 mm table load 15000 kg turning speed range 2,3 - 810 U/min total power requirement ca. 30 kW weight of the machine ca. 31000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 7300 x 5600 x 4000 mm Equipment: - Faceplate with NC facing slide and NC rotary table - Heidenhain digital readout - Various tool holders - Various clamping devices Iodpfx Asy Umc Ujf Ejid

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 29,081 h, functionality: fully functional, CNC control HEIDENHAIN TNC 640, 15" Main computer MC Controller unit CC Keyboard TE 15" TFT color flat screen with softkeys RAM: 4 GB Hard disk: 32 GB, of which at least 21 GB program memory Input resolution / display increment linear axes: up to 0.1 µm Input resolution / display increment rotary axes: up to 0.0001° Input range: max. 99,999.9999 mm or 99,999.9999° Circular interpolation in 3 axes with tilted machining plane Helical interpolation Linear interpolation in 5 axes Block processing time: 0.5 ms Ethernet: 2 x 1000BaseT USB: 1 x front USB 2.0, 4 x rear USB 3.0 Handwheel HEIDENHAIN HR510 Axis selection via buttons / softkeys Buttons for continuous axis movement Emergency stop button Magnetic attachment Enable buttons / dead man's buttons according to CE Travel ranges X-axis / longitudinal axis: 4,000 mm Y-axis / transverse axis: 2,500 mm Z-axis / vertical axis: 1,300 mm Feed / connection / pneumatics Max. feed rate interpolating axes: 40 m/min Installed power: 60 kVA Max. power consumption: 150 A Air requirement pneumatics: 400 Nl/min Iisdpfxjyrndmj Af Eod Working pressure pneumatics: 6 bar Machine table / floor plate Machine table recessed, with leveling units Table size: 2,500 x 4,000 mm Table height: 300 mm Load capacity: 10 t/m² T-slot width: 28 H12 mm T-slot spacing: 250 mm Milling head / universal milling head Universal milling head with continuous movement in 2 axes 5-axis machining Direct drives for rotary axes Rotary axes as interpolated CNC axes Automatic tool clamping Undercut machining up to 10° possible Integrated cooling of the torque motors and spindle bearings C-axis swivel range: +/- 270° A-axis swivel range: +/- 185° Max. speed A/C axes: 30 rpm Working torque A/C axes: 450 Nm Clamping torque axes: 1,400 Nm Positioning accuracy A/C axes: 8 arcsec Positioning repeatability A/C axes: 4 arcsec Main spindle Spindle power S1 / S6: 22 / 33 kW Spindle torque S1 / S6: 84 / 128 Nm Max. spindle speed: 18,000 rpm Constant power: 2,500 - 18,000 rpm Constant torque: 10 - 2,500 rpm Tool holder: HSK-A63 DIN 69893 Rigid tapping for electric spindle Software / calibration Dynamic RTCP software AUTOCAL software for automatic calibration 3D Form Inspect M&H software Software for measuring 3D shapes, tools, molds and dies Measurement program creation directly via coordinate points / surface points Vibration / collision monitoring Sensor for detecting vibrations Detection of collisions and excessive vibrations on 3 axes Reaction time approx. 1 ms Electronic interface for functional testing Tool changer Tool changer with arm for tool changes Overlapped-wheel design Full enclosure for operator safety Tool positions: 80 Max. tool diameter: 75 mm Max. tool diameter with free adjacent positions: 125 mm Max. tool weight: 10 kg Max. tool length: 600 mm for 40 tools Max. tool length: 250 mm for 40 tools Tool type: HSK-A63 DIN 69893

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, x-travel 3500 mm y-travel 1600 mm Iedpfxjykvays Af Esid z-travel 1200 mm spindle turning speed range 250 - 3000 U/min tool taper ISO SK-50 tool change unit 40 rapid traverse: 15000 mm/min. feed 5000 mm/min table dimension - longitudinal 3860 mm table dimension - cross 1000 mm control HEIDENHAIN TNCi530 weight of the machine ca. 24 t dimensions of the machine ca. 8000 x 5000 x 4000 m

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, CNC bed-type milling machine, manufacturer: IBERIMEX-MVR Type: UH-1250, year of manufacture: 2001 Control system: Heidenhain TNC124 Travel distances: X 1250 mm, Y 500 mm, Z 460 mm Clamping table: 360 mm x 1800 mm Spindle mount: ISO50 Machine with full enclosure. Further data can be found on the machine data sheet. Iiodpfxod Erane Af Eed Machine in good condition.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2011, Retrofitted: 2026 Isdpfx Afszcz Srs Esid Numerical control: HEIDENHAIN TNC-i530 Technical features Dimensions Table dimensions: 10000 x 2250 mmNumber of T slots: 9T slots dimensions: 22 mm Traverses of axis X axis traverse: 10000 mmY axis traverse: 1500 mmZ axis traverse: 2500 mmVertical capacity (VC): 150 - 2650 mm  (adjustable) Milling head Head type: Universal Auto-indexing UDG (2.5º)Tool clamping system: HydraulicTaper nose: ISO 50 (DIN 69871) / Pull stud: DIN 69872Speed range: 3000 rpmSpindle power: 30 kW Feedrates Rapid feedrate (X / Y,Z): 30000 mm/min Weight and dimensions Maximum weight on table: 15 Tn/m2Machine weight approximate: 56000 kgMachine dimensions approximate: 16520 x 8575 x 5290 mm Accessories Guarding: front sliding doors and new perimetral wire-mesh fenceAutomatic tool changer: ATC40Chip conveyor: 1 longitudinal rear hinge typeElectronic handwheel: HR-410Coolant: external internal high-pressure coolant through spindle Sale conditions Warranty: 6 months mechanical partsPrice and sale conditions: On request View all technical features

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1971, x-travel 2000 mm y-travel 900 mm z-travel 800 mm Control Heidenhain spindle turning speed range 20-1000 U/min Table area 2000x900 mm spindle stroke 200 mm Maschine wurde überholt machine is retofit The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop Iiodpfozfwutjx Af Ejd If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, x-travel 2700 mm y-travel 1250 mm z-travel 1150 mm Control Heidenhain type TNC 426 spindle turning speed range 56-3150 U/min Table area 3800x1000 mm spindle taper ISO 50 Maschine wurde überholt machine is retofit The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Iodszfwuaopfx Af Eeid Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, MILLING MACHINE STS AVANTGARDE HS YEAR : 2007 CNC : SELCA S 4045 DH TRAVELS : X : 3,000 mm Y : 1,500 mm Z : 2,000 mm TABLE DIMENSION : 1,500 mm x 1,500 mm MAX. PERMISSIBLE LOAD : 8,000 KG. AUTOMATIC DOUBLE-ROTATION HEAD: A 2.5° - B 2.5° ISO: 50 4,000 rpm 37 KW TOOL MAGAZINE: RANDOM 32 POSITIONS HIGH PRESSURE: 20 BAR ACCESSORIES: 2-SPEED RANGE CHANGE CHIP CONVEYOR MACHINE VISIBLE IN OPERATION COMPLETE WITH ALL DOCUMENTATION Ijdpfxozdtl Es Af Esid

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, CNC controller: HEIDENHAIN iTNC530 Axes X-axis travel mm: 3.000 Y-axis travel mm: 1.700 Z-axis travel mm: 1.500 Feed rates m/min: 10 Rapid traverse m/min: X, Y: 20; Z: 10 Worktable Table dimensions mm: 3.200x1.200 Maximum weight on table kg: 8.000 T-Slots: 7xT22 - 150 mm Spindle Spindle speed rpm: 30 - 5.000 Spindle drive power kW: 28/38 Gear box steps: 2 Cooling Cooling through the Spindle Center bar: 22 Tool system Tool holder: ISO-50 DIN 69871A Equipment Isdpfx Aorw Arzef Eeid Electronic Handwheel Chip conveyor 4th axis ready

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1977, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, spindle diameter: 160 mm, spindle speed (min.): 2 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 560 rpm, table length: 1,800 mm, table width: 2,000 mm, Manufactured by Union WMW (Germany) Year of manufacture 1977 Spindle diameter, mm 160 Face plate diameter, mm 950 Spindle speed range, rpm 2.8 – 560 X Axis Travel, mm 3600 Y Axis Travel, mm 3000 Z Axis Spindle Travel, mm 1000 W Axis Longitudinal Column Travel, mm 500 Rotary table size, mm 2000 x 1800 Rotary table longitudinal movement, mm 1250 Spindle motor, kW 22 Floor plate size, mm 3500 x 2000 (2 units) Iisdpfx Aoy Uw Afjf Esd UNION BFP 160 is a heavy-duty floor type horizontal boring and milling machine manufactured by UNION Gera, Germany. Equipped with a 160 mm spindle, the machine is designed for precision machining of large and heavy workpieces in metalworking, energy, mining, and heavy industry applications. The borer is under power, fully complete and equipped with some tools.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, X AXIS TRAVEL: 10000 MM Y AXIS TRAVEL: 4000 MM Z AXIS TRAVEL (RAM): 1000 MM W AXIS TRAVEL (SPINDLE): 800 MM TOTAL Z + W AXIS TRAVEL: 1800 MM SPINDLE DIAMETER 160 MM SPINDLE MOTOR POWER 40 KW SPINDLE RPM: 3000 RPM SPINDLE TAPER ISO 50 DIN 69871/1A Iiodoup Dclopfx Af Eod NR 02 SPEED RANGE RAM DIMENSIONS: 460 X 520 MM RAPID FEEDING 20000 MM/MIN ROTARY TRANSLATION TABLE MODEL MG 50 OF 2500 x 3500 mm , load 50 ton , 360000 position 0,001° stroke 2000 mm HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 CNC TOOL CHANGER 40 PLACES MANUAL UNIVERSAL HEAD ANCHOR PLATE 6000 X 2000 X 300 MM EXTERNAL REFRIGERATION TOTAL INSTALLED POWER 110 KVA YEAR : 2005

Condition: used, travel distance X-axis: 6,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, spindle diameter: 150 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, travel distance W-axis: 700 mm, X-AXIS TRAVEL: 6000 MM Y-AXIS TRAVEL: 3000 MM Z-AXIS TRAVEL: 1000 MM W-AXIS TRAVEL: 700 MM ISO 50 SPINDLE MOTOR POWER: 51 KW SPINDLE ROTATIONAL SPEED: 2800 RPM Iiedpfxeyb Rzts Af Ejd SPINDLE QUILL DIAMETER: 150 MM SIEMENS 840 D CNC 2000 x 2500 mm rotary table, 1500 mm V-travel, 25 ton load capacity 80-station tool changer AUTOMATIC HEAD 1 AXIS MODEL KF-D4 2.5 ° Through-spindle coolant 2 x 2000 x 5000 mm clamping plates Chip conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, travel distance X-axis: 10,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,950 rpm, feed length W-axis: 700 mm, quill diameter: 140 mm, cnc SELCA 3045 X AXIS STROKE 10000 MM Y AXIS STROKE 2600 MM Z AXIS RAM STROKE 600 MM W AXIS QUILL STROKE 700 MM SPINDLE DIAMETER 140 Iedpfx Aownqnusf Eoid SPINDLE CONNECTION ISO 50 SPINDLE MOTOR POWER 53 KW ROTATION SPEED 6 - 1950 MM ROTARY TABLE TABLE 2000 X 1600 MM CAPACITY 10 TON STROKE AXIS V 2100 MM AUTOMATIC BI-ROTATIVE HEAD UNIVERSAL TUAR 25 PICK UP HEADS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COOLANT 60-Place TOOL CHANGE CHIP CONVEYOR ANCHORING PLANE 2500 X 6000 MM HYDROSTATIC X-AXIS RAM WITH HYDROSTATIC GUIDE ON 4 SIDES

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, travel distance X-axis: 6,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,250 mm, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, SPINDLE TAPER ISO 50 X LONG. TRAVEL MM.6000 Z SADDLE TRAVEL MM.1250 Y VERTICAL TRAVEL MM.2000 SPINDLE SPEED RPM.5000 FEEDS MM/MIN.8000 SPINDLE MOTOR POWER KW. 37 CNC HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 REMOTE HAND WEEL FLOOR PLATES 7000x2000- 15 TON/MQ. TABLE 1080 X 7220 X H 820 MM ATC.40 Iisdpfx Afowz H Rfj Eed CHIP CONVEYOR ROTATING HEAD IN CONTINUOUS TUPC 0,001°x0,001° COOLANT THROUGH THE SPINDLE 20bar FUNCTION RTCP FPT AUTOCAL EXTERNAL COOLANT TANK HEIGH & LOW PRESSURE WITH PAPER FILTER N.2 AUTOMATIC HORIZONTAL DIVIDERS WITH 2 SUPPORT TABLES N.1 PIECE PROBE

Condition: good (used), travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 2,000 mm, table load: 20,000 kg, Spindle diam. 130 mm Spindle nose attachment iso 50 X-axis stroke: 4000 mm Y-axis stroke: 3000 mm (vertical) Z-axis stroke: 2000 mm W-axis stroke: 800 mm Spindle motor power 37 kw Spindle speed 0 - 3000 rpm Table 1800 x 2500 mm Table capacity 20 tons CNC HEIDENHAIN TNC I 530 ATC 60 places Chip conveyor Iijdsvxvcaopfx Af Eod Electronic handwheel Coolant through spindle Spindle sleeve

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, travel distance X-axis: 6,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,400 mm, CNC HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 X-AXIS STROKE 6000 MM Y-AXIS STROKE 1400 MM Z-AXIS STROKE (VERTICAL) 2500 MM SPINDLE CONNECTION ISO 50 DIN 69871-B50 SPINDLE SPEED 5000 RPM MOTOR POWER S1 37 KW - S6 56 KW AUTOMATIC INDEX HEAD 1 ° X 2.5 ° TOOL CHANGER 40 PLACES COOLANT TROUGH THE SPINDLE AND EXTERNAL CHIP CONVEYOR ANCHORING PLATE 8000 X 2000 MM Iiedjxhqivspfx Af Ejd PERIMETER PROTECTIONS

Condition: used, travel distance X-axis: 16,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 37 W, X-AXIS TRAVEL: 16,000 MM Z-AXIS TRAVEL: 1,500 MM Y-AXIS TRAVEL: 3,500 MM SPINDLE MOTOR POWER: 37 KG SPINDLE NOSE CONNECTION: ISO 50 SPINDLE SPEED: 4,000 RPM Isdpfx Afox A Ulws Eeid HEIDENHAIN iTNC 430 CNC 80-POT TOOL CHANGER 2.5° X 2.5° AUTOMATIC HEAD INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL COOLANT HEXAGON WORKPIECE PROBE 2000 X 2000 MM ROTARY-TRANSLATING TABLE, 15 TON LOAD CAPACITY, 1500 MM V-AXIS STROKE OPERATOR CABIN WITH OPERATOR FIXED PLATES CHIP CONVEYOR

Condition: used, travel distance X-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,250 mm, spindle diameter: 110 mm, X-AXIS TRAVEL 2000 MM Y-STROKE VERTICAL 1400 MM Z-AXIS TRAVEL COLUMN: 1250 MM W-AXIS SPINDLE TRAVEL 710 MM TABLE 1400 X 1600 MM WORKPIECE LOAD 8000 KG SPINDLE SPEED 10 - 2000 RPM ISO 50 RAPID FEED X Y Z 10000 MM/MIN Iodpfsx Da Slsx Af Ejid CNC HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 ATC 60 PLACES

Condition: used, X AXIS TRAVEL 2500 MM Y AXIS TRAVEL 1600 (COLUMN ) MM Z AXIS TRAVEL 1500 (VERTICAL) mm TABLE 2700 X 1100 MM Iijdpstv H Aysfx Af Esd MAX WORKPIECE LOAD 10000 KG SPINDLE RPM MAX 6000 RPM SPINDLE POWER 28 KW ISO 50 DIN 69871 CNC HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 ATC 20 PLACES AUTOMATIC HEAD 2,5°x3° INTERNAL AND EXTERANL COOLANT SYSTEM