Used Biesse Automatic Dowelling Machine for sale (75,095)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, Colour: Grey Empty weight: 4.000 kg Price: On request - Machine available from: 2026-01-26 - Year: 2014 Dedpoxr Evljfx Af Aoci - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 89867 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - Type milling table: Flat table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Drilling unit present: Yes - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - System/software: BiesseWorks - Safety feature: Safety mat - CNC options: Label machine, Loading system, Unloading system - Table length [mm]: 3600 - Table width [mm]: 1800 - Working range X [mm]: 3765 - Working range Y [mm]: 1875 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 324 - Transport weight [kg]: 4000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Working area (x,y,z): 2900 x 1130 x 110 mm No. 6 work bars with vacuum cups, each with 3 cups BECKER vacuum pump, 90 m3 capacity Separate electrical cabinet + control console Software: BIESSEWORKS Safety mats DRILLING UNIT BH 17L Dsdezfi H Uspfx Af Aeci No. of vertical drilling spindles: 10 No. of horizontal drilling spindles: 2 + 2 on the X-axis 1 + 1 on the Y-axis No. 1 blade unit for grooves on the X-axis CLAMPING UNIT: 7 kW electrospindle - ISO30 10-position tool changer

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Manufacturer: Ganner Gannomat Type: SELEKTA 253 220 V, 1 phase, 50 Hz Year of manufacture: 2022 - used Complete in standard version with: - Fully automatic electronic control system with program selector switch COILING-GLUING-DRIVING IN - Dowel feed via electronic vibrating conveyor with potentiometer for stepless adjustment of the dowel feed rate - Automatic dowel diameter and dowel length control with Auto-DL-Select system (automatic ejection of incorrect dowel lengths +/- 5 mm into the collection container) - Closed gluing system with 6 bar glue pressure via glue nozzle for glues with a viscosity of 150 to 350 mPas - Stepless electronic glue quantity adjustment with potentiometer via time preselection by electronic control - Selector switch GLUE/WATER for flushing/cleaning the gluing system with EasyClean function button (automatic cleaning program for glue hose and glue nozzle via spray funnel and dirty water collection container) - Control lamp for glue residue level indicator in the glue container - 1 stainless steel container for 5 kg of glue and 1 stainless steel container for 5 l of water for flushing/cleaning - 4 rollers for moving the machine including 1 pistol for dowels Ø 8 mm, dowel length 25 - 40 mm Drive-in overhang 7 - 20 mm Air connection: 6 bar Dedpfx Aszbyu Ajf Aeci Price ex warehouse 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007869, Max. panel width: 3200 mm Max. panel length: 800 mm Dodpfxowimzye Af Aeci No of Bottom Units: 5 Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1979, Format: 920??1300 mm Equipment: Maximum sheet size 920??1300 mm, minimum size 560??1300 mm opening width within frame 920??1310 mm, maximum die size 910??1300 mm maximum die-cutting area 900??1300 mm, maximum gripping edge = 16 mm, minimum gripping edge = 8 mm maximum card thickness 3 mm (also with micro-flute and flute zero), maximum compressed air pressure 500 t, maximum stroke rate 5500/h Dcsdpfsy Iu Rtox Af Aoi infeed stack height 1100 mm, outfeed stack height 1100 mm, main motor power 18 kW, main motor power consumption 17 kW, speed 5500 strokes/h. Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 6835 mm x 3580 mm x 2690 mm. Total weight of the machine including the insert approx. 30 t, weight of the machine without the insert approx. 29 t

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MV-117894/D, saw blade diameter: 400 mm, total length: 8,000 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, overall weight: 1,000 kg, KALTENBACH SKL 400 EC-H cold circular saw automatic (completely overhauled) - Max. cutting width: 4 mm - Saw blade arbor bore: 50 mm - Number of mounting bolts: 4 pcs - Bolt circle diameter: 80 mm - Saw blade feed rate: 0 - 3000 mm/min - Rapid return: 4500 mm/min Dcedpfx Aey Dcqyof Aoi - Adjustable travel of workpiece stop: 70 mm behind and 40 mm in front of the biometric zero point = 110 mm - Stepless manual rotary table adjustment: 90° This is a completely overhauled machine. Specification: Dosing system MS-2 C, infeed roller conveyor T3: 4 m, infeed roller conveyor T3, outfeed roller conveyor T3 with L45D length measuring device Note: This item must be collected on a binding date between July 7th and July 9th, 2026 (exact date to be coordinated). FCA D-71263 Weil der Stadt - loaded onto truck

Condition: good (used), Dumor Lightning Fold Pro 8335B+33KF Automatic Creasing and Folding Machine The machine is fully operational and ready to use. Manufactured in 2018. This is the most efficient creasing and folding system on the market, with a robust construction. Dcodpfoy Sd Uisx Af Aei High-stack vacuum feeding. Built-in vacuum and suction systems. An instruction manual is included. The 7-inch color Smart Screen programmer allows for easy machine setup. Technical specifications: Paper thickness: 0.15-0.35 mm Feeder capacity: 100 mm Accuracy: +/- 0.5 mm Format range: 140×160 mm, 330×650 mm Paper type: coated, uncoated, laminated, UV varnished, photo Creasing blade width: 1.0 mm, 0.6 mm, and 1.4 mm Speed: 6300 sheets/hour (A4/1 fold) Number of creasing strokes per pass: up to 32 (creasing-only mode) Control: dual 7-inch touchscreen Predefined fold types: 7 types + custom folds Number of folds: 1 or 2 Folding method: folding knife Automatic paper length measurement: YES High-performance upper suction feeder: YES Patented breaker knife system: YES Creasing depth adjustment: YES Weight: 280 kg,

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, Ref: 10815 . 2007 Muller Martini 3215 Ventura High speed, fully automatic sewing machine Features: High range of product sizes Papers from 22 gsm Feeder and/or knife opening Innovative sewing system Patented loop formation with compressed air Quick change between different type of stitches Equipped with: Suction opening 4 + 4 for products with or without over fold Optical scanning system Additional parts for processing of thin printing Stacker delivery Max signature length: 510mm Dsdpfx Afot Sybcs Aeci Max. speed: 12,000/hour

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, Composition: • Stainless steel mixing tank with agitator • Additive tank with pump • 5 solid material feeders (flour, rye, etc.) • Horizontal screw mixer • Integrated CIP cleaning system • Complete sanitary piping system • Process pump • Full electrical panel with recipe control Power supply: 380-400V Documentation available Dsdpfx Ajyyv I Djf Aoci

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, Used HMZ-3 FR CNC miter saw with routing unit The miter line consists of: - a miter saw with a 5.5 KW braked motor and a 700 mm saw blade; - an infeed roller conveyor with a working length of 6,500 mm and a pusher unit; - an outfeed roller conveyor with a length of 6,000 mm; - an industrial computer with a 17” LCD color screen; - computer-controlled axes; - optimization software for importing Tekla/HSB CAD files, etc. Saw machine specifications: - motor power 5.5 KW; - saw blade diameter 700 mm, saw height 250 mm; - angle adjustment from 0 to 270 degrees; - noise level 81 dB; - combined guard/sound hood over the entire saw; - 2 dust extraction ports; - pneumatic material guiding system for the saw; - centerline adjustment 200 mm Infeed conveyor specifications: - robust steel construction. - working length 6,500 mm (- rollers with a diameter of approximately 50 mm and a load-bearing capacity of 125 kg each). - adjustable feet, 100 mm adjustment range. Outfeed conveyor specifications: - robust steel construction. - approximately 6,000 mm long. - equipped with an automatic scrap chute. Automatic positioning unit specifications: - reading accuracy selectable: 1 or 0.1 mm. - positioning accuracy plus or minus 0.2 mm. - speed up to 80 m/min. - Servo motor with rack and pinion, driven by a frequency inverter. - steel guide with 8 adjustable bearings. Computer specifications: - Industrial computer with a 19” LCD touchscreen. - hard drive 200 Gb, and USB port. - network card and Windows 10. - special, H&M-developed, Dutch-language Windows software. - graphical display of the cutting pattern. - control from the office via a network or by importing a drawing program, e.g., HSB CAD. Dcodpjzg Il Sofx Af Aoi - integrated optimization module. Operation: A cutting list is created or called up on the control computer and activated. Then, the available lengths and quantities can be specified, so that the machine can optimize the cutting process. After that, the saw can be started, and the machine requests the desired length. The pusher is in the starting position, and the control system requests the correct length. After a start command is given, the pusher starts and the beam is pushed through the machine and automatically cut to the desired specifications. The cut product ends up on the outfeed table. Additional options on the machine: - Label printer with software and stand. - Supports for the saw (8 pieces). Routing unit The saw is combined with a routing unit with a 90-degree (vertical) stroke. Max. reach: - 150mm. Height - 120mm. Depth Dust extraction port for routing unit: 100mm.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1982, with 2 drilling beams Used, good condition Make Scheer Type DB 3 Year of construction 1982 Machine no. 73021 Number of spindles: 25 Dcedpfx Afsv Trlmj Asi Number of drill beams: 2 Spindle spacing/grid: 32 mm Drilling from above Hydraulic feed brakes: 2 Linear stop: 1 approx. 2500 mm Working width: approx. 800 mm (768 mm) Drilling depth: approx. 100 mm stroke Drill chuck: M 10 Pendulum stops: 3 Clamps: 3 Drill programs: 4 Space required: approx. 1400 mm x 1300 mm x 1800 mm Weight: approx. 1000 kg Location: Arrives at the end of April at warehouse 54634 Bitburg - free on freight - Handed over in the current condition, as seen, without overhaul, without warranty or guarantee

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, CNC-controlled drilling, gluing, and dowel insertion machine Complete in standard configuration with: - Support with linear guide consisting of: 1 pc. single-spindle horizontal drilling unit, motor 0.65 kW, stroke 70 mm Tool speed selectable via operator software (3000/5000/8000 rpm) 1 pc. blow-out, gluing, and dowel insertion station for dowels Ø 8 mm, dowel length 25–50 mm Dedpfjw Sgm Hox Af Aoci - Fully automatic, electronically controlled central lubrication - X-axis NC controlled, with working length 700 mm, max. traversing speed 95 m/min - Z-axis manually adjustable via mechanical digital counter, position on support table 5–40 mm - Dowel insertion projection adjustable from 7–20 mm via mechanical digital counter, drilling depth 0–35 mm (with drill length TL 70 mm), automatically set with insertion projection - Closed glue system with 6 bar glue pressure via glue nozzle, for glues with viscosity from 150 to 350 mPas - Glue quantity steplessly adjustable via operator software - Selector switch GLUE/WATER to flush glue system, each with: 1 stainless steel container for 7.5 kg glue and 7.5 l water - Indicator lamp for residual glue level in glue container - 1 pc. left side stop, 1 pc. right side stop (all removable) - 2 pcs. start buttons for individual operation with 1–2 workpieces - 2 pcs. pneumatic angled clamping cylinders 10° for workpiece thickness up to max. 80 mm, workpiece length (Y) min. 70 mm - 1 pc. extraction funnel, connection Ø 80 mm - 1 pc. TCT controller with: Integrated industrial PC, incl. Beckhoff TwinCAT soft PLC, operating temperature range 0–50°C, 15" capacitive touchscreen TFT industrial display, operating system: WINDOWS 10 IoT LTSC (long term support channel) - Programming via menu-guided user software, drilling distances freely programmable with ABSOLUTE, RELATIVE, or GRID dimensioning, automatic workpiece mirroring and process optimization, 2 working fields assignable with different programs, graphical workpiece display, parametric programming, zero-point shift, programmable work lists, plain text error diagnosis - Integrated options: - Electronic optical glue monitoring system G.I.C. (Glue Insert Control) for 1 pc. glue nozzle, art. no. 0470-0810 - 1 EASY CLEAN system, for automatic test glue shots before starting the drilling/gluing/dowel insertion program. E.C.S. for 1 pc. glue nozzle, art. no. 0471-Z010 - 1 single-spindle vertical drilling unit from ABOVE, 0.65 kW, (3000/5000/8000 rpm), position (Y) manually adjusted via mechanical digital counter Adjustable from 5–40 mm, drilling depth (Z) max. 30 mm (with drill length TL 57 mm) Workpiece thickness (Z) max. 50 mm, workpiece length (Y) min. 130 mm (incl. drilling depth compensation, e.g., for Häfele Minifix) Art. No. 0471-0830 - 4 vertical angled clamping cylinders 10° with mount, additional, Art. no. 0470-0850 Available: short notice

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, GANNOMAT "JUNIOR 323" FRAME DOWEL AND SLOT MORTISING MACHINE Complete in standard configuration as per price list 01/22/D with: - Precision collet chuck for ER 40 collets Ø 3–26 mm, including collets Ø 10 / 13 / 16 / 20 - Motor 1.5 kW, 2800 rpm - Positioning via digital counter - Pneumatic 2-level positioning adjustment (0–100 mm) - Max. drilling depth: 150 mm - Precision indexing rail with 12 mm pitch, featuring: - Center detent and lateral adjustment 320 mm - 2 pneumatic safety clamping cylinders - Complete fence system consisting of: • 1 center stop and 1 stop for oversized frames • 1 round stop bar approx. 850 mm long (can be mirrored from left to right) Dedpfexdttisx Af Aoci • 2 flip stops - Tiltable slot mortising device with 2 program cams (400V, 3Ph, 50Hz, 1.5kW) - Extraction hood Ø 80 mm, dust-tested - Central mitre stop 45° - Pair of auxiliary workpiece supports, pivotable (left and right) - Drill head holder - 3-spindle drilling head, 32 mm pitch (can be rotated 90°) - Chassis with 4 wheels for easy machine movement Availability: Short-term – immediately –

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, High-speed 4-sided infeed mechanisation, 6 meters, speed of 80 m/min. Reinforced mechanisation. Equipment: 5 chains of 2000 mm, 3 driven upper and lower wheels with pneumatically actuated 'kicking' wheel. Dedpfx Afsycxcns Asci

Condition: used, Working width 720 mm hollow max. 820 mm bore depth horizontal 120 mm Dodpfx Aolfcn Ejf Aeci boring depth: vertikal 45 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, We offer this programmable logic controller (PLC), in like-new condition with very little use, manufactured in 2018. If you have any questions or need more information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us. Djdoy S Td Tepfx Af Aeci

Condition: good (used), Code: 0103 Brand: LOESER - GERMANY Dcodpfowfdctsx Af Aji Model: AA-220 Wooden dowel production machine complete with n° 2 dowels

Condition: good (used), Code: 0749 Brand: TAGLIABUE - COSTA LEVIGATRICI Model: TT 3 1300 Dodpfx Afoh T Dzqs Asci Automatic sanding machine for worktops, furniture, panels, tables Technical data: Working width mm 1300 Max working thickness mm 130 Min working thickness mm 1 Composition: 1° Transversal belt - Motor Hp 15 - Electronic speed variator with display 2° Transversal belt - Motor Hp 15 - Electronic speed variator with display Transversal sanding belt size mm 1350 x 150 Chevron belt size mm 5510 x 140 Belt blowers Belt feed speed mt/min 5/25 Fixed table and mobile head for on-line set-up Panel cleaning rotary blowers Vacuum table Belt cleaning brush Infeed roller conveyor Installed power Kw 32 Compressed air 7 Atm Suction inlets: n° 2 diameter mm 200 - n° 2 diameter mm 150 - n° 2 diameter mm 100 Overall dimensions mmm 4400 x 2500 x 1600 h Weight kg 5000

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, total height: 2,500 mm, total length: 11,000 mm, total width: 2,400 mm, Colour: Grey Empty weight: 7.200 kg Price: On request - Machine available from: 2026-06-24 - Year: 2007 - Documentation available: Yes - └ Type Documentation: Technical data, Electrical diagrams, User manual, Assembly manual - └ Language: NL - └ Type: Hardcopy - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 97649 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 2 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 1000 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 20000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 9 Dsdpfxey Ipnte Af Asci - └ Milling spindle 2: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 3 - - Main motor power [kW]: 18.5 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Material clamp system: Pneumatic - Drilling unit present: No - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 22 - System/software: BiesseWorks - Safety feature: Safety mat - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Type: VTLF 250 - └ Year of manufacture: 2007 - └ Main motor power [kW]: 5.5 - └ Capacity [m³/h]: 250 - Tools included: No - CNC options: EPS system, Offcut conveyor, Manual control - CNC documentation available: USB stick, User keys/licenses - Table length [mm]: 6200 - Table width [mm]: 1320 - Working range X [mm]: 6200 - Working range Y [mm]: 1535 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 275 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 6820 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1963 - Transport dimensions: 11000mm x 2400mm x 2500mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 7200kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: excellent (used), Strapping machine Mosca RO-M Manufacturer: Mosca Type: RO-M Djdpfstncc Ujx Af Aeci Semi-automatic carton strapping Strap width: 4 to 12 mm Hot wedge welding system Adjustable strap tension Control: ecomat 100 Foot pedal for strapping release Table surface: W 640 mm Working height: 830 mm Power supply: 400 V Further articles in other sizes - new and used - can be found in our store! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, power: 1.5 kW (2.04 HP), input voltage: 200 V, Mitsui precision grinder, surface grinder manufacturer Mitsui MGG CO.LTD type: MSG-250H2 year of manufacture:1990-6 Table width: 200mm Table length: 480mm Table longitudinal movement, maximum: 520mm Table lateral movement, maximum 250 mm Table movement: 5-20m/min Forward-backward feed: Per revolution: 6 mm Per scale: 0.02 mm Lateral feed: Per revolution: 6 mm Per scale: 0.01mm Grinding spindle speed: 2900 rpm 50 Hz Table total length: 1385x285 mm Dcodpfowviarox Af Aji Magnetic table: 300x130x100 mm Coolant unit, Maximum height from table surface to center of grinding wheel axis: 400 mm Grinding wheel diameter, standard: 205mm Grinding wheel width: 20mm Wheel spindle speed: 2900 rpm 50Hz Grinding wheel bore diameter: 31.75mm Electrical power: 2 HP 1.5 KW 4P 200V 3 phase Weight, approx.: 1105 kg

Condition: used, The automatic liquid filling machine is plastic (PET) or glass bottles (bottles) for filling with liquid. 9 charging heads, Siemens PLC control. The previous owner Djdpfx Afjhcxcmj Aoci detergent used to charge. Requires electrical installation. Purchase of industrial equipment and machinery. Wide Range of Used Machinery, Industrial Equipment

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, 4-axis mitre grinding machine with water tank and pump. Dodpfszd Sm Uox Af Aoci Width: 8300 mm Height: 3260 mm Depth: 1000 mm Condition: very good, second-hand

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 09020018, input voltage: 230 V, pneumatic connection: 5.5 bar, Description: For sale is a VIBEMAC 3022 WB 406-1CS industrial waistband sewing machine, offered as a complete workstation. This Italian-built unit is specifically designed for high-precision waistband attachment and reinforced seam operations in denim, trousers, and workwear production. The machine produces strong and consistent chainstitch seams and is widely used in professional garment manufacturing environments. The unit has been in production use and was fully operational until factory shutdown. The machine has been video recorded in full working condition on 01.04.2026. VIBEMAC machines are known for their durability, precision, and long operational lifespan, making them a preferred choice in denim production. Key features: Dedpfx Asy Ipnasf Aeci • Automatic waistband sewing system • Chainstitch seam for strong and flexible stitching • Suitable for heavy fabrics (denim, workwear) • Consistent seam quality and high repeatability • Designed for continuous industrial use • Integrated feeding system for stable material handling Includes: • VIBEMAC 3022 WB 406-1CS sewing machine head • Integrated motor and drive system • Industrial worktable and steel stand • Foot pedal control • Thread stand and guides • Integrated control panel Technical details: • Manufacturer: VIBEMAC S.p.A., Italy • Model: 3022 WB 406-1CS • Year: 2009 • Stitch type: Chainstitch • Needle system: 62x57 F120 • Power: 220 / 380V Condition: • Used industrial condition • Fully operational prior to factory shutdown • Video recorded in operation (01.04.2026) • Recently serviced (27.02.2026) • Typical signs of use from production environment • Sold as-is, where-is, without warranty Typical applications: • Waistband attachment (jeans, trousers) • Reinforced seams • Heavy-duty garment production Location: Valga, Estonia Removal & transport: Buyer responsible for dismantling and transport

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, The MAG 1 Peroni Ruggero is a modern, semi-automatic machine designed for manufacturers of premium packaging, magnetic boxes, and exclusive cardboard packaging. The machine combines several operations in a single work cycle, significantly increasing production efficiency and ensuring the highest precision. The machine performs milling of slots in solid cardboard, automatically applies hot-melt adhesive, and inserts magnets or metal plates into the prepared locations. This ensures that the entire process is fast, repeatable, and requires minimal operator intervention. The material is fed manually, while all key production steps are carried out automatically. An advanced positioning system guarantees accurate placement of the components, which translates into high-quality finished products and aesthetically pleasing packaging. The MAG 1 allows the application of 1 to 6 magnets or metal plates on one side of the packaging in a single work cycle, providing high production flexibility and the ability to handle diverse projects. The machine has been used sparingly and is in very good technical and visual condition, ready for immediate use in a production facility. Key benefits: - Milling, gluing, and magnet application in a single work cycle - Handles 1 to 6 magnets or metal plates simultaneously - High precision and repeatability of the process - Dedicated to the production of magnetic boxes and premium packaging - Automatic application of hot-melt adhesive - High efficiency with limited operator intervention - Very good technical and visual condition - Year of manufacture: 2022 Technical data: - Manufacturer: PERONI RUGGERO - Model: MAG 1 - Year of manufacture: 2022 - Serial number: 007 Supported materials: - Solid (gray) cardboard with a thickness of 1.5 to 4 mm Dcedpfx Afozbtpge Aoi - Magnets with a diameter of 9.5 to 15 mm - Magnet thickness: 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm - Range of processed element: - Minimum width: 180 mm - Maximum width: 1550 mm Performance: - Up to 14 cycles/min when applying 1 magnet - Up to 8 cycles/min when applying 2 magnets Technical parameters: - Power: 5 kW - Compressed air consumption: 150 NL/min at 6 bar - Machine dimensions: - Length: 2500 mm - Width: 2500 mm The MAG 1 is an ideal solution for manufacturers of premium packaging who want to automate the magnet application process, increase production efficiency, and achieve the highest quality of finished products.