Used Cnc Automatic 3 Turrets Lathe for sale (77,317)

Year of construction: 2007, condition: ready for operation (used), A Xiangfan/SPARK CNC large-format engine lathe is available. Swing diameter over bed/cross slide: 2200mm/1800mm, bed width: 1100mm, distance between centers: 8000mm, max. turning length: 7500mm, max. workpiece weight: 20t, max. workpiece weight between centers: 19t, main spindle bore: 140mm, bar capacity: 100mm, spindle speed: 200rpm, X/Z-axis travel: 920mm/7500mm, feed rate: 2m/min, rapid traverse: 3m/min, tool stations: 4, chuck jaw count: 4, chuck diameter: 2200mm, chip conveyor length: 8000mm, control: Siemens SINUMERIK 802D. Including coolant system, mandrel, chip conveyor and measuring system. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Nedjzpywxspfx Aiqswi

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, Swing diameter 248 mm Nedpfx Aiezk D N Ijqewi Turning length 330 mm Travel – z-axis 190 mm Travel – x-axis 370 mm Spindle bore 45 mm Quill stroke 120 mm Spindle speed 6,000 rpm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, Circumferential diameter: 190 mm Turning length: 180 mm Turning diameter: max. 100 mm Z-axis: 195 mm X-axis: 125 mm Spindle bore: 43 mm Spindle bearing diameter: 80 mm Tailstock diameter: 40 mm Tailstock taper: MK 3 Nodpjzk D Htefx Aiqewi Tailstock travel: 45 mm Number of turret positions: 10 Spindle speed range: 60 - 6000 rpm Rapid traverse X-axis: 15 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 20 m/min Operating hours: 27,267 h

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, Swing diameter 176 mm Turning length 570 mm Diameter over cross slides 510 mm Working diameter 420 mm Travel - z 570 mm Travel - x 245 mm Spindle bore 43 mm Tailstock diameter 85 mm Tailstock quill travel 120 mm Spindle speed 60-6,000 rpm Rapid traverse rate in X and Z direction 24 m/min Control system MSG-805 V Total power consumption 5.5 kW Machine weight approx. 3,400 kg Space requirement approx. 2000x1700x1800 mm Nwsdezk D E Aspfx Aiqei Operating hours: 4,256 h

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, Swing diameter: 40 mm Turning length: 50 mm Control system: Fanuc 0i-TD Spindle speed: 8,000 rpm Travel distance - x: 180 mm Travel distance - z: 200 mm Nwsdpfx Aiezk D D Seqsi Rapid traverse rate in X and Z direction: 15 m/min Machine weight (approx.): 1500 kg Space requirement (approx.): 1500 x 700 x 1600 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Turning diameter 45 mm Turning length 50 mm Nwjdszk D Drepfx Aiqoi Control system Mitsubishi FCA70LPC-V Spindle speed 8,000 rpm Travel range - x 180 mm Travel range - z 200 mm Rapid traverse rate in X and Z direction 20 / 30 m/min Machine weight approx. 1,600 kg Space requirement approx. 1700x700x1700 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Turning diameter: 180 mm Turning length: 240 mm Travel distance - x: 120 mm Travel distance - z: 280 mm Spindle speed: 4,500 rpm Spindle bore: 46 mm Control system: Fanuc Oi-TF Number of spindles: 1 Spindle bearing diameter: 75 mm Bar diameter: 35 mm Total power consumption: 7.5 / 5.5 kW Machine weight (approx.): 2,300 kg Rapid traverse X + Z axes: 18 / 24 m/min Rapid traverse X + Z axes: 18 / 24 m/min Equipment/Accessories: - Machine bed according to FEM - Turret with 8 stations and direct mounting - Axis guides in the X and Z axes - Ball screws - Working spindle - Optimal chip flow and accessibility of the working area - Ideal for machining from bar stock or cut-off pieces Njdpfx Aszk Dw Ssiqowi - Hydraulic unit - Hydraulic hollow clamping cylinder - FANUC Oi-TF control system with 10.4" touch display - Complete coolant system - Alignment plates - Control cabinet - Transformer - Door switch modification with M30 function including: - FC 60 Compact loader - Spiral chip conveyor to the rear Operating hours: 4,525 h

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Turning diameter: 180 mm Turning length: 190 mm Travel – x-axis: 120 mm Travel – z-axis: 230 mm Spindle speed: 4,500 rpm Spindle bore: 46 mm Control system: Fanuc Oi-TF Spindle bearing diameter: 75 mm Bar diameter: 26 mm Total power consumption: 7.5 / 5.5 kW Machine weight (approx.): 1,620 kg Equipment/Accessories: - Spindle orientation modification (controlled via M-command) Pulse encoder and software adjustment - Automatic safety door modification (controlled via M-command) Confirmation via servo motor and toothed belt, and safety device according to CE standard - Robot interface modification, signal description: Robot start signal ON/OFF Safety door OPEN/CLOSE Chuck OPEN/CLOSE Chuck air blow ON/OFF - Tool package consisting of: Njdpfx Aozk Dwljiqswi 8 x clamping blocks for external holders, 20x20 4 x boring bar holders, D.25, No. 2758201020 - Hinged belt for chip conveyor, discharge to the rear - Transformer, 12 kVA Operating hours: 9,046 h

Condition: used, Control system: Siemens 3-T Nwedpfxezl D Rhj Aiqji Faceplate: 1500 mm Max. turning diameter: 1800 mm Max. turning height: 600 mm X-axis travel: 1995 mm Z-axis travel: 750 mm Faceplate speed: 260 RPM Main motor: 66 kW Milling motor: 31 kW Milling spindle speed: 3000 RPM Tool changer: 26 positions Machine is disassembled. Many tools and spare parts included.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, turning height: 2,800 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 30,000 kg, turning diameter: 3,300 mm, feed length Y-axis: 2,500 mm, feed length Z-axis: 1,500 mm, faceplate diameter: 3,000 mm, feed rate X-axis: 4 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 4 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 4 m/min, rotary table diameter: 3,000 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 6 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 6 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 6 m/min, rotational speed (max.): 92 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 1 rpm, table load: 30,000 kg, table diameter: 3,000 mm, REM Vertical Turning Lathe TURNING DIAMETER SCR 33 MANUAL with DRO Special manufactured by REM for : CENTER AND EAST EUROPE MIDDLE EAST LATIN AMERICA DEVELOPING SHOPS , HIGHLIGHTS - UNBEATABLE PRICE - VERY EFFECTIVE MACHINE - GOOD FOR WORSHOPS IN SMALL AND MIDDLE RANGE OF PRODUCTION - NO GEARBOXES - NO CNC CONTROLL - NO EXPANSIVE TEHNOLOGIST AND WORKER - EASY MAINTENANCE AND - EASY OPERATE - EASY LEARN Technical Details: Faceplate Diameter (mm) 3000 Max. Turning Diameter (mm) + 300 Nwsdpfxjv Ilg Hj Aiqei Machining Height: 2800 mm Max. Work Piece Weight: 30 tons Conventional Control DIGITAL READ OUT for each axis

Condition: used, CATALOGUE NUMBER 7650 Technical data: - max. working length 1500mm - max. working diameter 250mm - milling (disc milling cutter) 7.5kW - spindle – 2800 rpm, 3kW - spindle speed 700/1200/1500/2000 rpm - grinding unit 0.75kW - hydraulic motor 3kW - total power 17.75kW - air consumption 6-8 bar - infeed conveyor for workpieces up to 150x150mm - diameter of dust extraction nozzle 100mm, 160mm - dimensions for transport (length/width/height) 4350x2300x1980mm - weight approximately 3000kg ADVANTAGES - made in Germany - automatic hydraulic copying system - original DTR documentation Nedpfxozh Ivte Aiqewi - unpainted - used lathe, very good condition Net price: 59900 PLN Net price: 14262 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (the price may change in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 3 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: S2000BM-00308, turning diameter over cross slide: 360 mm, turning length: 540 mm, turning diameter: 360 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, bar passage: 68 mm, Only 3 operating hours – the machine has not yet been used due to a project cancellation. TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. turning diameter over bed: 510 mm Max. turning diameter over slide: 360 mm Max. turning diameter: 360 mm Max. turning length: 540 mm SPINDLE Spindle nose: A2-6" Bar capacity: 68 mm Max. spindle speed: 4,500 min⁻¹ Main spindle motor power: 15 / 18.5 kW C-axis: continuous Nodpezpwmqjfx Aiqowi TURRET Tool stations: 12 / BMT 55 Motorized tool stations: 3.7 / 5.5 kW Speed motorized tool stations: 5,000 min⁻¹ Max. torque motorized tool stations: 16 Nm Indexing time tool turret: 0.15 s Tool mounting external tools: 25 × 25 mm Tool mounting internal tools: Ø 40 mm TAILSTOCK Tailstock quill: MK 4 Tailstock type: programmable Tailstock quill travel: 450 mm Tailstock quill diameter: 75 mm Tailstock taper: MT 8 Tailstock quill force: 5,047 Nm AXES AND FEEDS Travel X-axis: 210 mm (180 + 30 mm) Travel Z-axis: 600 mm Drive power X/Z axis: 1.8 / 3.0 kW Inclination guideway: 45° Rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min Ball screw X-axis: Ø 28 mm Ball screw Z-axis: Ø 40 mm ACCURACY Positional repeatability unidirectionally: 6 µm Positioning accuracy X-axis according to ISO 230-2:1988: 15 µm Positioning accuracy Z-axis according to ISO 230-2:1988: 15 µm MACHINE DETAILS Operating hours: 3 h Control: FANUC 0i TF PLUS Connected load: 31 kVA Supply voltage: 380 V ±10 % Mains frequency: 60 Hz Phases: 3 Machine length without chip conveyor: 2,643 mm Machine depth: 1,560 mm Machine height: 1,920 mm Machine weight incl. chip conveyor and transformer: 4,000 kg COOLANT SYSTEM Coolant tank volume: 185 l Coolant pump power: 0.5 kW Coolant flow rate: 20 l/min Coolant pressure: 5.0 bar EQUIPMENT - FANUC 0i TF PLUS CNC control - CE conformity - IndustryNet4 connection: remote maintenance, remote monitoring and Industry 4.0 requirements. - Manual Guide i (MG-i) - Preparation for tool load monitoring - 10.4" color LCD monitor - Electronic handwheel - USB interface - Ethernet interface - RS-232 interface - Memory card slot - Manual tool measurement - Parts catcher - Hydraulic 3-jaw chuck, Ø 200 mm, bore 68 mm - Rigid tapping - Control cabinet with heat exchanger - Automatic coolant system with 4.5 bar pressure - Central, time-controlled lubrication system - Cooling system for the hydraulic unit - Chip conveyor with discharge to the right - Electrical and electronic preparation for bar loader - Internal machine work light - External machine status light

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, The automatic drilling machine Jet Smart is the ideal solution for craftsmen and small and medium enterprises. Flexibility, speed and ease of use are the main features of the machine which ensures high productivity and a perfect drilling in any working condition. Fast and precise drilling! Nwedpfoy Rl Arsx Aiqji Boring from the top: a choice without compromises! Perfectly aligned joints aligned and no error thanks to automatic reading of piece dimension, that allows to correct any difference between real panel length and the one set. ///Technical details Max. piece dimension - 3050x900x60 mm Min. piece dimension - 200x70x10 mm Max. speed axis X-Y - 40-40 m/min Boring head: vertical / horizontal spindle, blade X - 12 / 6, 125 mm Electrospindle (S6) - 5,5 kW (7,5 HP) - 18.000

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Ref. -No.: 10623 Nwedpfx Aezkpwqoiqji Manufacturer: WEILER Type: E90 x 4500 Year of construction: 2008 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: SIEMENS D1 - Zyklen Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany Bed width: 600 mm Turning Length: 4500 mm Swing Diameter Over Bed Slide: 900 mm Spindle Bore: 128 mm Max. Torque: 6000 Nm Feed Capacity - Z: 20000 kN Feed Capacity - X: 20000 kN Rapid Speed: 10/5 RPM Tailstock Quill Diameter: 140 mm Tailstock Quill Stroke: 300 mm Lathe tool dimensions: 32 x 25 mm Front bearing diameter: 178 mm Circumferential diameter over facing slide: 530 mm Spindle head according to DIN 55027 (size): Gr. 11 Tailstock inner cone: MK 6 / 140 Type Machine length: 6900 mm Machine width: 2600 mm Machine Height: 2150 mm Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 10,5 t Further information: The machine can be viewed while powered up.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Ref. -No.: 10474 Manufacturer: SPINNER Type: TC77 MCY Year of construction: 2008 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: Siemens 840 D Storage location: Halberstadt Nwjdszkpvaspfx Aiqoi Country of origin: Germany Machine-No.: AP0XXXXX Chuck diameter: 210 mm Tailstock - diameter: 110 mm Feed speed X / Z: 15/24 mm / min Turning Diameter: 500 mm Max. Torque: 113 Nm Travel -X Axis: 350 mm Travel -Y Axis: 230mm (-110mm +120mm) mm Travel -Z Axis: 1160 mm Distance Between Centres: 800 mm Spindle 1 spindle head diameter (flange): A8 mm Spindle 2 spindle head diameter (flange): A6 mm Quills Morse taper: MK4 Turret places: 12 Pcs Machine length: 3250 mm Machine width: 1980 mm Machine Height: 2090 mm Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 7,5 t Max. swing diameter: 690 mm Further information: Spindle head: A8 Bar capacity: 77mm Bar capacity: 52mm Number of rotating tool positions: 12 Y axis + C axis. Machine can be inspected under power by arrangement.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Ref. -No.: 10434 Nwjdszkpu Njpfx Aiqei Manufacturer: OKUMA Type: LC 40 Year of construction: 2002 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: FANUC 18-i TB Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany Turning Speeds: 10 - 2.800 RPM Bar passage: 91 mm Chuck diameter: 450 mm Tailstock - diameter: 120 mm Turning Diameter: 550 mm Turning Length: 800 mm Swing Diameter: 800 mm Spindle passage: 90 mm Spindle nose: A2-8 Tailstock Quill Stroke: 150 mm Total Power Requirement: 44 kW Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 8 t Number of tool stations: 12 pc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, turning diameter over cross slide: 260 mm, turning diameter: 200 mm, spindle speed (max.): 500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 160 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 20 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 2,377 mm, total length: 4,165 mm, total width: 1,594 mm, overall weight: 3,200 kg, bar diameter (max.): 50 mm, For sale is a CNC turning machine with 6 driven tool positions, manufactured by Gildemeister, model CTX 310, from the year 2002. The machine is in good condition; of particular note are the low spindle hours and the measuring system. Technical data: Year of manufacture: 2002 Max. spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Speed at constant power: 833-3890 rpm Spindle power: 7.5 kW Chuck diameter: 210 mm Spindle bore: 68.5 mm Distance between centers: 581 mm Center height: 190 mm Diameter over machine bed: 330 mm Diameter over slide: 260 mm Swinging diameter: 200 mm Bar capacity: 50 mm Z-axis travel: 450 mm X-axis travel: 160 mm Rapid traverse Z: 30 m/min Rapid traverse X: 20 m/min Rapid traverse C1: 100 rpm Torque C1: 112 Nm Feed force Z: 4500 N Feed force X: 4500 N Number of axes: 2 Turret with tool drive from Sauter Tool positions: 12 Driven tool positions: 6 Cross-section of tools: 20*20 mm Speed of driven tools: 4200 rpm Nedpfjzkr Skox Aiqewi Power of driven tools: 4.2 kW Footprint (installed): 4,165 * 1,594 * 2,377 mm Footprint (transport): 3,190 * 1,600 * 1,700 mm Weight: approx. 3,200 kg Upon request, transport and loading can be arranged throughout Europe for an additional charge. Prices are plus VAT. Inspection is possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to assist you. Trade-in or exchange is possible! Machine buying and selling PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES, ETC. Do you need a high-quality but affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For more information or contact options, visit our website.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, MAZAK QUICK TURN NEXUS 250-II MS Max. machining diameter: 380 mm Max. machining length: 504 mm Max. milling speed: 4,500 rpm Max. spindle speed: 4,000 rpm Max. bar diameter: 74 mm Machine is equipped with: - CNC control: Mazatrol Matrix Nexus 2 - KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck, diameter 254 mm - KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck, diameter 200 mm, tailstock Nedpfezpw Eyjx Aiqjwi - Tool Eye - C-axis - automatic parts catcher - C-axis tailstock, input accuracy 0.0001° - Interface for bar loader magazine - automatic parts catcher - parts retrieval device - chip conveyor - LNS QuickLoad bar loader magazine (currently out of operation) - 8 pcs. fixed tool holders - 4 pcs. driven tool holders

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, MAZAK QUICK TURN NEXUS 200-II MS Max. machining diameter: 380 mm Max. machining length: 511 mm Max. milling speed: 4,500 rpm Max. spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Max. bar diameter: 65 mm The machine is equipped with: - CNC control: Mazatrol Matrix 2 - Hydraulic chuck Kitagawa 200 mm - Hydraulic chuck Kitagawa 160 mm for sub-spindle - Tool Eye - C-axis - C-axis sub-spindle, input accuracy 0.0001° - Interface for bar loader magazine - Automatic parts catcher - Parts removal device - Chip conveyor Nsdpfxozpwy Re Aiqowi - Bar loader magazine Breuninng Irco - 8 pcs. fixed tool holders - 4 pcs. driven tool holders

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, XYZ Compact Turn 52 CNC lathe with barfeeder Year: 2008 Technical details: Bar Capacity 52mm Chuck Size 150mm (6") Control Siemens 810D Shopmill Distance Between Centres 280mm Maximum Cutting Diameter 220mm Maximum Cutting Length 280mm Rapid Feedrates 20m/minute Spindle Motor Power 20Hp Spindle Nose A2-5 Spindle Speed 5000rpm Swing diameter 400mm Swing Over Carriage 400mm Tailstock Quill Diameter 60mm Tailstock Quill Stroke 90mm Tailstock Taper MT4 Tool Size 20 x 20mm Tooling Configuration VDI 30 Turret Positions 12 X axis Travel 185mm Z axis Travel 325mm Machine Dimensions 2531 x 1778 x 1720mm Machine Weight 2590kg Accessories/options: - LNS servo barloader - Foot pedal for chuck operations - Parts catcher Nodpfx Aiszg Intoqowi - Renishaw tool setter - Tailstock - VDI 30 tool holders - Swarf conveyor - Documentations Under power in our warehouse, possible to test it anytime!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 230 mm, turning diameter: 400 mm, Fanuc control at each spindle is a 3-jaw chuck mounted 2x 12-fold revolver chip conveyor coolant device Technische Daten: / technical details Nsdpfx Aijy Ni Ezoqowi Schwingdurchmesser / rotary diameter 500 mm max. Drehdurchmesser / max. turning diameter 400 mm max. Drehlänge / max. turning length 230 mm X-Weg / X-travel 220 mm Z-Weg / Z-travel 230 mm max. Drehzahl der Spindeln / max. spindle speed of the spindles 3500 UpM /rpm Anzahl der Revolverplätze / number of tool places 2x 12 Eilgang x, z / rapid feed x, z 30, 30 m/min Antriebsleistung Spindeln / drive capacity spindles 18,5/15 kW Gewicht ca. / weight ca. 9400 kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, turning diameter over bed 50 mm spindle passage 26 mm turning length 275 mm Nedet Hwp Topfx Aiqjwi total power requirement 12 kW weight of the machine ca. 4500 kg CNC-Sliding Headstock Lathe, Opposite Headstock

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, turning diameter 250 mm turning length 450 mm control TX8D bore 80 mm spindle speed: 3150 U/min. Nwsdet Hwq Dspfx Aiqsi CNC Lathe with Bar Feed and 3 Turrets Very large spindle bore, with bar loading device Please ask for further details.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, turning diameter 60 mm turning length 200 mm number of slides Nwsdpst Hw Atofx Aiqoi total power requirement 20 kW weight of the machine ca. t dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, x-travel 400 mm y-travel 250 mm workpiece height 485 mm Control ELESTA CNC 314 total power requirement 10 kW weight of the machine ca. 4000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. m H A U S E R CNC - Controlled Vertical Precision Coordinate Grinding Machine Model S 3 – CNC 314 Year 1987 / 1998 partially reconditioned by Swiss-HTT # 0463 _____ Table size, approx. 600 x 380 mm Max. load on table, approx. 300 kg Table travel, longitudinal, max. (X Axis) 400 mm Table travel, cross, max. (Y Axis) 250 mm Vertical adjustment of grinding head max. (W Axis) 450 mm Stroke of grinding spindle, max. (Z Axis) 120 mm Table Longitudinal and cross feeds (X/Y-Axis) 0 – 1.500 mm/min Speed of grinding head stroke 15 – 7.500 mm/min Vertical distance between table and grinding spindle, max. 0 – 485 mm Distance between grinding spindle and column 350 mm Conical grinding, up to max. 16 ° Grinding Ø bore approx. 230 mm 18 Spindle speeds, depending on spindle motor 4,500 – 80,000 rpm Planetary speeds (C-Axis) 5 – 250 rpm U Axis, radial infeed 6 mm Total electrical load, approx. 10 kW - 380 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 4.000 kg Accessories / Special Features: * CNC Continuous Path Control, Model CNC 314, (ELESTA-POLESTA II) with monitor,for 4 axes (XYC+U) in 2 1/2 dimension (XYC) Interpolation with a free programming,the U-Axis is not interpolating it is just an infeed axis. There is also a handwheel controldevice for setting – up purposes. Digital Read-out for the Z-Axis W Axis for vertical positioning of grinding head, Z Axis as high speed stroke axis, also for blind-hole grinding and surface grinding. U Axis for the infeed cycles during bore grinding. C Axis Feed for the of the Planetary Head. Nedpfx Ajt Hw Txeiqowi * Alltogether 2 grinding turbines 22.500 to 80.000 rpm, with some collets * Built-on Acoustic Grinding Contact Display Device Model KSV 5. * Separate coolant unit with band filter. * Built-on fire extinguishing system. Separate switch and control cabinet. Covered working area. Separate hydraulic unit * Central lubrication, service tools. Condition : Very good - Machine can be inspected under power. Delivery : Ex stock - as inspected under power. Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract