Used Table Base for sale (22,900)

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 1500 mm table height 850 mm side-clamping surface: 200 (Höhe) mm weight 1517 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Hole Ø 28 mm - Drilling surface 100x100 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 200 mm - Distance between holes in side wall 50 mm - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion Ijdpfx Aijxaa Nvoyeig - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Furnishing: - 28 hole pattern / dimensions 3000 x 1500 x 200 mm - Plasma nitrided version with scale - incl. 6x base equipment

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, weight max. in kg 1000 kg table length 1500 mm table width 1000 mm height over floor 200 mm stroke height 200 - 1200 mm stroke Zeit ca. 15 sek total power requirement 2.3 kW weight 330 kg current new price approx. 5.000 euros special price on request Iisdpfx Aoy Ez Aweiyog Equipment: - Robust electro-hydraulic scissor lift table - for ergonomic working at an optimum working height - with closed platform - stepless lifting and lowering - All-round safety rails - Placement: free-standing on the floor or as a pit installation - remote control

Condition: new, weight max. in kg 2000 kg table length 1300 mm stroke height 190-1010 mm table width 800 mm stroke of worktool slide 22 mm/sek. weight 280 kg Furnishing: - For ergonomic work at the optimal working height - With closed platform - Separate control unit with 3 meter cable, control buttons and emergency stop switch - Stepless lifting and lowering - Stable powder-coated steel construction - Guaranteed stability - Circumferential safety strips - Meets the safety criteria of EN 1570 Isdoxak Ipopfx Aiysig - High pressure cylinder with double safety function

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, weight max. in kg max. 1000 kg turning speeds 0,18 - 0,58 U/min height 976 - 1436 mm inclination 0 - 115 ° table diameter 895 mm voltage 380 V total power requirement 2,0 kW weight 685 kg range L-W-H 2414 x 920 x 1436 mm Exhibition machine from 2024 with only approx. 2x operating hours Condition NEW!! Special price on request The AK BEND SRH hydraulic welding positioner is ideal for welding, assembly and maintenance work. Positioning is done via a hydraulic rotation and tilting function. Description: - electro-hydraulic turning and tilting function Iisdpfx Aijw U U R Eeyeg - Fast handling of workpieces - Maximum productivity thanks to optimal working position - Lifting, tilting and turning workpieces in one clamping - Low idle times thanks to turning components - Maximum work performance thanks to comfortable working - Back-friendly working for the user Equipment: - Continuously variable speed adjustment - Freely movable foot switch - Hand-held remote control with 5 meter cable - Freely movable control panel with digital speed display - Analogue angle display * Manufacturer video (identical rotary table): ?v=Vayw8Ny64nc

Condition: new, table diameter 340 mm table load 290 horizontal kg table load capacity 190 vertikal kg turning speeds 0.6 - 6.0 U/min spindle bore 60.0 mm swivelling range 0 - 90.0 Grad weight of the machine ca. 62.0 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 380 x 340 x 425 mm Furnishing: - The table can be tilted and clamped at an angle of 0 to 90 - Start / stop via a location-independent foot switch. - Direction of rotation can be selected right / left. Isdpfxexaafqo Aiyjig - Adjustable rotation time. - The turntable has a 60 mm hollow shaft. - The turntable has a diameter of 340 mm. The surface is chrome-plated for Protection against welding spatter. - The table speed is adjustable from 0.6 - 6 rpm. - The control of the welding machine via the turntable control is possible. - The ground contact transmits 300 A / 100%. - The turntable and the control are separate. - HF protected. - Operating instructions in German Functions of the COM 1000 control: - Right / left rotation - stepless speed control - welding torch on / off - Control for turning time

Condition: new, table diameter 300 mm table load 100 Horizontal kg swivelling range 0 - 90.0 Grad turning speeds 0.2 - 2.0 U/min turning speeds 1.2 - 12.0 U/min bore 20.0 mm total power requirement 230 Volt Ijdjxaatnepfx Aiyjig weight of the machine ca. 50.0 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 480 x 325 x 470 mm Furnishing: - Precise drive unit with face plate, on a stable floor stand. - clockwise / counterclockwise - 2 speed series, stepless - Swivel range from 0 ° - 90 °. Manual tilt - DC gear motor with worm gear, infinitely variable. - diameter of 300 mm. Chrome-plated surface to protect against weld spatter. - The device's control panel is easy to understand and use. - Start / stop via a location-independent foot switch. - The speed and direction of rotation are set on the machine. - HF protected. Scope of delivery: - control (integrated) - foot switch

Condition: new, table diameter 500 mm table load 300 horizontal kg table load 150 vertikal kg swivelling range 0 - 90.0 Grad turning speeds 0.2 - 2.5 U/min bore 90.0 mm table height ~ 650 mm mm motor 230 Volt Iiodpfx Aioxabl Sjyog weight of the machine ca. 90.0 kg. range L-W-H 385 x 340 x 375 mm Features: - The table can be tilted and locked at angles ranging from 0° to 90° - Manual tilting - Start/stop via a foot switch that can be used from any location - Selectable rotation direction: clockwise/counterclockwise - Rotation time adjustable - Welding machine controlled via control unit - 350-amp ground connection Scope of Delivery: - Control unit (integrated) - Foot switch THE ROTARY TABLE HOUSING MUST BE CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE BUILDING GROUND! CAUTION!! Vertical load limit: 150 kg only

Condition: new, table diameter 340 mm table load 160 horizontal kg. table load 100 vertikal kg. Isdpfexabm Nsx Aiysig swivelling range 0 - 90.0 Grad turning speeds 0.6 - 6.0 U/min bore 60.0 mm motor 230 Volt weight of the machine ca. 56.0 kg range L-W-H 385 x 340 x 375 mm Furnishing: - The table can be adjusted at an angle of 0 to 90 degrees tilt and jam - Start / stop via a location-independent foot switch. - Direction of rotation can be selected right / left. - Adjustable rotation time - The turntable has a 60 mm hollow shaft - The turntable has a diameter of 340 mm. The surface is chrome-plated for Protection against welding spatter. - The table speed is adjustable from 0.6 - 6 rpm. - The control of the welding machine via the turntable control is possible. - The ground contact transmits 300 A / 100%. - The turntable and the control are separate. - HF protected. - COM 1800 control with lap welding - Operating instructions in German Functions COM 1800 control: - Right/left rotation - Infinitely variable speed control - Welding torch on/off - Overlap welding adjustable - Controller for rotation time (2-stroke / 4-stroke) - Speed display

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height (lateral area) 200 mm weight 981 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2400 x 1200 mm SIEGMUND Authorized Dealer - All items in stock! !! SPECIAL OFFER !! SIEGMUND Retro Welding Table 2400x1200x200 mm, accessories included SIEGMUND welding table just like 25 years ago with plasma nitriding and modern table legs Isdexflftopfx Aiyjig Product description - Table dimensions: 2400x1200x200 mm - High-quality S355J2 steel with plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Hole diameter 28 mm - Drill holes in 100x100 mm grid - Corners, edges, and drill holes chamfered at 45° - Side panel height 200 mm - Drill holes in side panels in a diagonal grid - Construction reinforced with ribs Plasma-nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - Corrosion-resistant / higher load-bearing capacity Specifications: - 28-hole pattern / Dimensions 2400 x 1200 x 200 mm - Plasma-nitrided version - Includes 4x base feet (basic configuration) - Includes accessory set (see Image 3): * 6x 280604 * 12x 280511 * 8x 280420.N * 2x 280110.N * 1x 283999

Condition: new, table length unterschiedlich mm table width unterschiedlich mm table height (lateral area) unterschiedlich mm weight ca. 240 kg Description : - SPECIAL SET for SIEGMUND 28er clamping tables - ORIGINAL SIEGMUND accessories (!!) included in the scope of delivery : - 1x 280910 .. 28 mm - mobile tool trolley incl. rollers - 8x 280410.N .. Universal stop 150 L nitrided - 4x 280420.N ... Universal stop 225 L nitrided - 2x 280162.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 500 G left nitrided - 1x 280166.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 750 G left nitrided - 1x 280167.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 750 G right nitrided - 1x 280164.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 500 G left nitrided - 1x 280165.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 500 G right nitrided - 4x 280152.N ... Stop and clamping bracket 300 G left nitrided - 16x 280610.N ... Professional screw clamp, nitrided - 6x 280630.N ... Professional screw clamp 45°/90° nitrided Iisdpfx Aiexabvdeyeg - 8x 280651.1.N .. Prism Ø 60-135° nitrided - 8x 280110.N .. Stop and clamping angle 175 L nitrided - 30x 280511 .. Quick-action clamping bolt, double without groove, burnished - 4x 280430.N .. Universal stop 500 S nitrided - 1x accessory set consisting of: - Eccentric, Allen key, brush, - further accessories such as: Probe CleanBasic, Probe Anti-Stick and torch holder

Condition: new, weight max. in kg 1000 kg table width 800 mm stroke height 190-1010 mm table length 1300 mm stroke of worktool slide 40 mm/sek. weight 220 kg Furnishing: - For ergonomic work at the optimal working height - With closed platform - Separate control unit with 3 meter cable, control buttons and emergency stop switch Isdpfx Aijxak E Ioyeig - Stepless lifting and lowering - Stable powder-coated steel construction - Guaranteed stability - Circumferential safety strips - Meets the safety criteria of EN 1570 - High pressure cylinder with double safety function

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 1500 mm table height 850 mm side-clamping surface: 200 (Höhe) mm weight 1518 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Hole Ø 28 mm - Drilling surface 100x100 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 200 mm - Distance between holes in side wall 50 mm - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Special set - including 28 tool set 3 Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Furnishing: - 28 hole pattern / dimensions 3000 x 1500 x 200 mm - Plasma nitrided version with scale - incl. 6x base equipment - incl. 28 tool set 3: + 10x 280610.N clamp + 6x 280630.N clamp + 4x 280648.1.N prism + 24x 280510 bolts + 4x 280740 magnetic bolts + 8x 280410.N stop + 8x 280420.N stop Iisdpfx Aijw U U N Usysg + 6x 280110.N angle + 2x 280152.N angle + 2x 280162.N angle + 1x 280166 + 67.N angle + 1x 283999 accessory set

Condition: new, table length 1500 mm table width 1000 mm table height (lateral area) 100 mm weight 255 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Iisdsxaa Rtspfx Aiyeg Product description - Through hardened tool steel X8.7 + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 11.5 - 13 mm - Sidewall made of high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Hole Ø 16 mm - Holes surface 50x50 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 100 mm - Drill holes in the side wall in a diagonal grid - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Furnishing: - 16 hole pattern / dimensions 1500 x 1000 x 100 mm - Extreme plasma nitrided version with scale - Sidewall with diagonal grid - Including 4x basic equipment

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 1500 mm table height (lateral area) 100 mm weight 726 kg The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Iisdpsxab D Uofx Aiysg Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Equipment: - 16 hole pattern / dimensions 3000 x 1500 x 100 mm - Plasma nitrided version Professional 750 with scale - Including 8x basic equipment

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height (lateral area) 200 mm weight 981 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2400 x 1200 mm SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - Through hardened tool steel X8.7 + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Sidewall made of high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Hole Ø 28 mm - Drilling surface 100x100 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 200 mm - Drill holes in the side wall in a diagonal grid - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Furnishing: - 28 hole pattern / dimensions 2400 x 1200 x 200 mm - Extreme plasma nitrided version with scale - Sidewall with diagonal grid Iodpfx Aiexab Rnoyoig - Including 4x basic equipment

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height (lateral area) 200 mm weight 981 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2400 x 1200 mm SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Ijdpfx Aijxaa Eksyeig Product description - High-quality steel S355J2+N + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Bore diameter 28 mm - Surface holes with a 100x100 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges, and holes - Side panel height 200 mm - Side panel hole spacing 50 mm - Surface scale included - Construction reinforced with ribs - Grid lines enable precise setups The welding tables are equipped with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided finish: - Protection against rust, scratches, and weld spatter adhesion - More corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Features: - 28-hole pattern / Dimensions: 2400 x 1200 x 200 mm - Plasma nitrided finish (750) with scale - Includes 4x base feet

Condition: new, table length 2000 mm table width 1000 mm table height (lateral area) 100 mm Isdpfoxaa Hbsx Aiysig weight 351 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - Through hardened tool steel X8.7 + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 11.5 - 13 mm - Sidewall made of high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Hole Ø 16 mm - Holes surface 50x50 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 100 mm - Drill holes in the side wall in a diagonal grid - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Equipment: - 16 hole pattern / dimensions 2000 x 1000 x 100 mm - Extreme plasma nitrided version with scale - Sidewall with diagonal grid - Including 4x basic equipment

Condition: new, table load 1000 kg table diameter 900 mm Ijdpjxaac Aofx Aiyeig turning speeds 0,12 - 1,2 U/min swivelling range 0 - 135 Grad speed Kipp 0,35 U/min welding current 500 A dimensions of the machine ca. 1475 x 1050 x 900 mm For heavy industry When choosing a turntable, it is essential Turning and tilting torque must be taken into account. To note applies to how far the center of gravity of the workpiece is from the The faceplate is away or how far the center of gravity is is eccentric from the center. By means of a Rotary and tilting tables can be used to optimize workpieces position for welding. - Robust construction. - Infinitely variable. - Hand remote control. - HF protected. Furnishing : - 1 control (integrated) - 1 wired remote control

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height (lateral area) 100 mm weight 466 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 11.5 - 13 mm - Hole Ø 16 mm - Holes surface 50x50 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 100 mm - Distance between holes in side wall 25 mm - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Iedpfx Aiexaabljyeig Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Equipment: - 16 hole pattern / dimensions 2400 x 1200 x 100 mm - Plasma nitrided 750 version with scale - incl. 6x base equipment

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm Iodpjxaab Esfx Aiysig table height (lateral area) 100 mm weight 499 kg SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! Product description - Through hardened tool steel X8.7 + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 11.5 - 13 mm - Sidewall made of high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Hole Ø 16 mm - Holes surface 50x50 mm grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 100 mm - Drill holes in the side wall in a diagonal grid - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures. The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Equipment: - 16 hole pattern / dimensions 2400 x 1200 x 100 mm - Extreme plasma nitrided version with scale - Sidewall with diagonal grid - incl. 6x base equipment

Condition: new, table length 2400 mm table width 1200 mm table height (lateral area) 200 mm weight 1069 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2400 x 1200 mm SIEGMUND authorized dealer - all items available! The welding tables are provided with a scale as standard. Special set - including 28 tool set 3 Product description - Through hardened tool steel X8.7 + plasma nitriding - Material thickness approx. 24.5 - 27 mm - Sidewall made of high quality steel S355J2 + N + plasma nitriding - Hole Ø 28 mm - Surface holes in a diagonal grid - Rounded corners, edges and holes - Height of side wall 200 mm - Drill holes in the side wall in a diagonal grid - Including scaling on the surface - Construction reinforced by ribs - Grid lines enable precise structures Plasma nitrided version: - Protection against rust / scratches / weld spatter adhesion - more corrosion-resistant / higher load capacity Furnishing: - 28 hole pattern / dimensions 2400 x 1200 x 200 mm - Plasma nitrided Extreme 8.7 version with scale Iisdpexabffefx Aiyjg - Diagonal grid on the table surface - Diagonal grid on the side wall - Including 4x basic equipment - incl. 28 tool set 3: + 10x 280610.N clamp + 6x 280630.N clamp + 4x 280648.1.N prism + 24x 280510 bolts + 4x 280740 magnetic bolts + 8x 280410.N stop + 8x 280420.N stop + 6x 280110.N angle + 2x 280152.N angle + 2x 280162.N angle + 1x 280166 + 67.N angle + 1x 283999 accessory set

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10520 Manufacturer: TOS VARNSDORF Type: WHNQ 13 CNC Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 430 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Czech Republic Machine-No.: 23XX X-Travel: 3500 mm Y-Travel: 2500 mm Z-Travel: 1250 mm W-Axis: 800 mm Table Load: 12.500 kg Clamping Area: 1800 x 2500 mm Tool Taper: SK 50 Tool Piece Magazine With: 60 Pcs./pcs. Spindle Speed: 3.000 RPM Max. Torque: 3323 Nm Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 10000 mm / min Drive Capacity - Spindle Motor: 37 / 1500 kW Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 40 t Further information: - Tools + accessories - Angle head - Angle up to 2.5m - Chip conveyor - 3D measuring probe Iodpfx Aiezx Nxwjyoig - Clamping device Machine is still in production and can be inspected under power by arrangement.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, New machine – special price – year of manufacture 2024. HAND GUARD Edition Single Flex, unit. Image included. The HAND GUARD system is based on the early detection of a hazardous situation and thus protects the user from injuries. It functions in every camera-based system and initially warns the user visually to indicate an impending danger. If the danger persists, the saw blade is lowered without damaging the machine or the material. HAND GUARD supports the processing of various materials, such as wood, metal, and plastic. • Contactless and injury-free • Quick start-up • 100% damage-free • Works with concealed cuts • Does not need to be deactivated, permanent function • Max. 500 mm saw blade diameter, fully retractable under a single-sided pivoting saw unit. Pivoting range: 0 - 46°, equipped with a quick-change system for the main saw blade. Motorized height and pivoting adjustment and a maximum saw blade overhang of 179 mm. (Partial installation of the scoring unit required). In addition, there is the control unit at eye level, with which you can adjust the height and pivoting of the saw blade, plus, depending on the choice of the control package, the speed and other functions. The new, clear industrial design marks the exceptional position of the Altendorf brand: In this panel saw, distinctive design meets timeless aesthetics. The Altendorf double carriage is famous for its smooth running and precise movement. It can be locked steplessly at any position. The large double rollers keep the upper carriage in absolute connection with the lower carriage in the respective guide rods. This running quality is maintained even under decades of stress and contamination. The carriage construction is designed as an extremely torsion-resistant and dimensionally stable multi-chamber system. In addition, there is a front support roller with a width of 300 mm, which provides helpful support when cutting long workpieces on the parallel fence. Positionable 90° under the double carriage. 12" touchscreen with integrated keyboard • Automatic dimension correction on the parallel and mitre fence when pivoting the saw unit • Stepless fine adjustment of the axes via +/# buttons • Easy calibration of the axis • Machine diagnostics, operating hour counter, USB interface • Calling up the last dimension input (back function) • Conversion from peak to butt dimension on the parallel and mitre fence • Shift-cut function with automatic determination of missing angles or dimensions • Extended tool management for max. 100 storable tools • Storage of the scoring position (3-axis scoring unit) • Storage of the thickness and cutting width of the main tool • Storage of the speed of the main tool Additional functions: • Grooving: with automatic step-by-step positioning of the parallel fence • Chain dimension function: cutting sequences with the same distance on the parallel fence • Miter cut with allowance • Calculator function with result transfer to the axes Ijdpfx Aijyyap Ejyjig • Geometric shapes, determination of missing angles or dimensions • Bevel cuts, determination of missing angles or dimensions • 9999 storable cutting programs • Standard preparation for remote maintenance • Template holder directly next to the touchscreen Accessories included in the Edition Single Flex: • Double carriage with a carriage length of 3000 mm • Vario drive 5.5 kW (7.5 hp) VAR

Condition: good (used), Baumann BSB-2 Paper Jogger The machine is 100% functional and ready to use. Technical specifications: Iisdpfx Aozvgkfeiyeg Maximum format: 640×920 mm Stack height: 160 mm Weight: 350 kg Power supply: 400 V Air table Tilt angle adjustment

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8082 TECHNICAL DATA - max. main blade diameter 400mm - main blade adjustable up/down and at an angle - spindle diameter 30mm Ijdpfx Aiszwf Rasyjig - spindle locking - with a crosscut fence - crosscut fence length 3200mm - cutting width with fence 1300mm - with a side fence - with a scoring saw - max. scoring saw diameter 120mm - scoring saw motor 0.75kW - main motor 5.5kW - 4 speed settings 2500/3250/5000/6500 rpm - table dimensions 1300x710mm - table extension 2130x1350mm - blade guard - dust extraction port diameter 80mm, 120mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 3500x3700x1500mm - weight 1193kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Poland - with a scoring saw - unpainted - used saw, very good condition Net price: 11900 PLN Net price: 2833 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant fluctuations)