Used Engel E-Mac 265/380 for sale (87,363)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, MACHINE PROFILE: 3,800 kN (420 US tons) IMM ===== Machine ID: • Injection Unit: 265 • Clamping Unit: 380 • Weight: 21,300 kg Clamping Unit Specifications: • Force: 3800 kN (388 tons / 420 US tons) • Tie-bar Spacing: 830x830 mm • Platen Size: 1190x1190 mm • Stroke (Open/Eject): 700 / 210 mm • Ejector Force: 90 kN • Mold Height (Min/Max): 300 / 750 mm (+800 option) • Max Mold Weight: 3.8 tons Itjdpjzzv Tgofx Adlel • Dry Cycle: 2.3s / 500mm Injection Unit Specifications (By Screw: 25 / 30 / 35 mm): • L/D Ratio: 24 / 24 / 20 • Capacity: 74 / 106 / 144 cm³ • Rate: 98 / 141 / 192 cm³/s • Recovery Rate: 10 / 15 / 22 g/s • Pressure: 2700 / 2700 / 2000 bar • Stroke / Speed: 150 mm / 420 rpm • Nozzle (Stroke/Force): 305 mm / 40 kN • Heating Capacity: 9.2 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 21,000 h, clamping force: 100 kN, displacement volume: 46 cm³, injection pressure: 2,400 bar, overall weight: 4,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 22 mm, terms of delivery: FCA Pegnitz Isdpfjzz Aw Sjx Adlstl delivery time: on request terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 95,000 h, clamping force: 200 kN, displacement volume: 113 cm³, injection pressure: 2,178 bar, overall weight: 11,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 30 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) delivery time: on request Isdpfxsz A Iale Adlstl terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 1,600 h, clamping force: 400 kN, displacement volume: 475 cm³, injection pressure: 1,650 bar, overall weight: 24,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 55 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) Iedsv S H Rbepfx Adlstl delivery time: on request terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 66,800 h, clamping force: 100 kN, displacement volume: 85 cm³, injection pressure: 2,000 bar, overall weight: 4,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 30 mm, terms of delivery: FCA Pegnitz delivery time: on request Itedpszx Hkkefx Adlel terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 55,201 h, functionality: fully functional, screw diameter: 70 mm, Technical advantages for the machine: - high performance and precision, - fully electric and energy-efficient, - rapid, dynamic, and highly precise movements thanks to a five-point toggle clamping system with low-friction platen guidance on precision linear bearings, - efficient injection unit ensures ultra-fast injection, - complete service documentation and operating manual, - maximum energy efficiency through the consistent use of high-efficiency servo drive technology. Itjdpsxfbdxefx Adlel

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 5,400 h, clamping force: 400 kN, displacement volume: 475 cm³, injection pressure: 1,650 bar, overall weight: 24,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 55 mm, Freight basis: ex-site Delivery time: by arrangement Payment terms: 100% before taking delivery of the machine, net Iedpfx Adov S H Rholstl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 14,650 h, clamping force: 1,100 kN, displacement volume: 350 cm³, injection pressure: 1,455 bar, overall weight: 60,000 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 50 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) Isdpfx Adoy R Eq Ajljtl delivery time: on request terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 29,446 h, clamping force: 2,600 kN, screw diameter: 60 mm, overall weight: 22,300 kg, controller manufacturer: ENGEL, controller model: CC300, product length (max.): 8,780 mm, Electrical injection moulding machine manufactured in 2015. This Engel e-victory 1640/260 features a clamping force of 2600 kN and an injection unit of 1640. It includes a tiebarless clamping system and a servo-electric injection system for high efficiency. If you are looking to get high-quality injection moulding capabilities, consider the Engel e-victory 1640/260 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Clamping system: Tiebarless ENGEL clamping system • Injection unit: 1640 • Injection system: Servo-electric, high execution • L/D ratio: 24 • Control unit: ENGEL CC300 (21.5" Full HD touchscreen) • Hydraulics: ECODRIVE SHV1 (1 demand-regulated servo pump) • Electrical connection: 3 x 400 V + N + PE, 50 Hz • Nominal connected load: approx. 164 kW • Centering: 160 mm • Hydraulic core pulls: 2 on moving platen, 2 on stationary platen • Vacuum/compressed air circuits: 8 on stationary platen with Venturi nozzles and pressure switches • Pneumatic mold valve control: 2-fold FESTO, up to 16 bar • Mold heating: 16 control zones, max heating power 25 kW • Nozzle radius: 15 mm • Nozzle bore: 4 mm • Nozzle contact stroke: approx. 405 mm • Hydraulic tank capacity: Main tank approx. 490 l, suction tank approx. 220 l • Robot interface: Euromap 67 / AN-146 • Languages: Czech and German Additional equipment • MuCell package: • Complete MuCell Basic Package • PM cold-work steel screw Ø 60 mm • Hydraulic needle shut-off nozzle • Melt pressure sensor • Trexel auxiliary equipment: SII VC 30, MIK 1060 SII • Frame for two 50 L gas cylinders Itodpjz Dgrpjfx Adlsl • Mold temperature control: 3 ENGEL flomo distributors (24 monitored circuits total) • GEKU automation with conveyor belts

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 3,188 kN, injection weight: 6,935 g, screw conveyor diameter: 130 mm, production capacity: 17,000 unit/h, TECHNICAL DETAILS Clamping force: 320 t Shot weight: 6,935 g Screw diameter: 130 mm Output: 17,000 preforms/h Ijdpfozmxdlox Adljtl MACHINE DETAILS Configuration: 72-cavity, 4-stage EQUIPMENT Take-out system Conveyor belt, capacity: 1825 lt/h TPS robot, model: TRT-M4-72-E One of the following mold options can be selected: Option 1: MHT mold, 72-cavity, for 30.8 g PCO 1810 or 1881 (shorty, 28mm neck ring, 1.5-liter bottles) Option 2: 72-cavity core sets for 27.8 g PCO 1810 or 1881 (shorty, 28mm neck ring, 1.0-liter bottles) Note: In addition to the machine, only a dryer and a cooling system are required to start production.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 81,700 h, clamping force: 45 kN, displacement volume: 69 cm³, injection pressure: 2,400 bar, overall weight: 3,300 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 25 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) delivery time: on request terms of payment: % prior to delivery Manufacturer: Engel Type: VICTORY 200/45 Tech + er/usp Condition: aus laufender Produktion Operating hours: ca. 81.700 CLAMPING UNIT: - Clamping force: 45 t Öffnungsweg: 355 mm Mould installation height min.: 175 mm Mould installation height max.: - Tie bar distance (h x v): holmlos Plate dimension (h x v): 550 x 430 mm Centering (fix- movingplate): / mm INJECTION UNIT: IU200 Screw diameter: 25 mm Injection weight in polystyrol: 63 g Stroke volume: 69 cm³ Einspritzdruck: 2.400 bar CONTROL: CC Itjdpfx Adsrbqtnjlel Screen language: DE Operating manuel: DE EQUIPMENT: - Core pulls: 1 Air valves: - Hot runner control devices: - Robot interface: Angußpicker er/usp Other equipment: Nadelverschl. Hydr., Schnittstelle Dosier- und Temperiergerät GENERAL DATA: - Installed heating capacity: 6,8 kW Pump drive power: 11 kW Total installed power: Motor + Heizung Total weight: 3.300 kg Total size L x B x H: 3,3 x 1,2 x 2,2 m

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Clamping force: 100 t Screw diameter: 40 mm Itodpfx Adjzypwpslel Shot weight: 150 g Shot volume: 165 cm3 \+ robot Sepro success 11 Type: Horizontal Drive: Electric

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 33,526 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 1,600 kN, screw diameter: 40 mm, clearance between the columns: 520 mm, displacement volume: 220 cm³, plate length: 760 mm, plate height: 760 mm, total length: 67,500 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, total height: 2,420 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, ENGEL e-motion 440-160 Stock No.: 503676 Manufacturer: ENGEL Type: e-motion 440-160 T Control: CC300 Year of manufacture: 2018 Operating hours: 33526 h Technical data, clamping side Clamping force: 1600 kN Tie bar spacing h x v: 520 x 520 mm Platen size h x v: 760 x 760 mm Minimum installation height: 375 mm Maximum installation height: 600 mm Maximum platen spacing: 1060 mm Opening stroke: 460 mm Ejector stroke: 150 mm Ejector force: 40 kN Centering of moving platen D: 160 mm Centering of fixed platen D: 160 mm Tool weight: 1250 kg Technical data, injection side Screw diameter: 40 mm Displacement: 220 ccm Injection pressure: 1940 bar Screw length: 24 l/d Screw stroke: 175 mm Screw speed: 420 min Screw torque: 605 N Plasticizing rate: 33 g/s PS Free injection rate: 224 g/s PS Number of heating zones: 4 Nozzle stroke: 305 mm Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions L x W x H: 6.75m x 2m x 2.42m Total weight: 8500KG Equipment Screen text in German Screen text in English CEE socket 32A Hydraulic core pull, 2x Hydraulic core pull unit Air valve 1x Machine with water manifold Machine without material hopper Machine without suction conveying system Pneumatically operated needle shut-off nozzle Leveling elements EUROMAP 63 interface EUROMAP 67 Handling interface Interface for ejector plate locking Itjdpoz A S I Tjfx Adlel Schuko socket 10A

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Clamping force (kN): 1600 Opening stroke (mm): 460 Mould height (min–max) (mm): 250 – 600 Platen size (mm): 760 × 760 Tie bar distance (mm): 520 × 520 Ejector stroke / force (mm / kN): 150 / 40 Dry cycle time (sec): 1.4 – 320 Injection unit 1: Screw diameter (mm): 30 Screw stroke (mm): 160 Shot volume (cm³): 113 Screw speed (rpm): 420 L/D ratio (3 zones): 23.6 / 20.0 Plasticizing capacity (g/sec): 15 / 22 L/D ratio (barrel): -29 Plasticizing capacity (barrel) (g/sec): -29 Injection flow (cm³/sec): 157 / 214 Injection pressure (bar): 2400 / 2000 Nozzle stroke / force (mm / kN): 225 / 28 Injection unit 2: 30 mm Drive / Power Pump motor power (kW): 16.91 Working hours 13.227 h Type: Multicomponent Itedpfoyyz Ddox Adlol Drive: Electric Possible to buy with Viper robot

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, PET preform injection molding machine clamping force 320t injection weight 6935gr. screw 130mm preform removal system SERVO IV, TPS robot TRT-M4-72-E, 72-fold, 4-stage, incl. removal set, conveyor belt LT/h 1825 Itsdpenxkxwefx Adlel Output approx. 17,000 preforms/hour Option1: MHT mold 72-cavity for 30.8 gr. PCO 1810 or 1881 (shorty, 28mm neck ring, 1.5 liter bottles) Option2: 72 core sets for 27.8 gr. PCO 1810 or 1881 (shorty, 28mm neck ring, 1.0 liter bottles) Line comes from our own preform production and was in production until our new line was replaced.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, Engel e-max 440/180 / All-electric injection moulding machine Year of manufacture: 2009 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 40 mm Shot weight: approx. 199 g Injection pressure: 1950 bar Shot volume: 220 cm³ Clamping unit: Clamping force: 180 t Tie bar distance: 520 x 520 mm Platen size: 760 x 775 mm Ejector: electric Clamping system: toggle lever Control system: CC 200 - touchscreen Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition, operated in a clean production environment All-electric machine: high-speed, energy-saving, and very quiet Euromap 67 interface Robot interface 3 x air valves Hardened injection unit - bimetallic Parallel movements Central lubrication Automatic mould height adjustment Iedpfx Adjzy Iq Ijlstl Kistler sensor - mould pressure control Original mould crane Dimensions: Weight: 7,200 kg Length/Width/Height: 5.87 x 1.42 x 2.00 m All machines offered are started and tested by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests carried out on the selected machine, or to participate in live technical demonstrations at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Year of construction: 2016, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Used Blue Mac 2510 Static Trommel Year 2016 10 M Long x 2.5 M Diameter 50mm Round Holes, 8mm Thick All New Drive Shafts & Wheels 4 x 5.5kW Electric Motors / Bonfiglioli Gearboxes 21 Tonne Weight Excellent Condition Ready To Go To Work Itsdpozzrwbofx Adljl

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Engel Victory 2050/260 Tech Ecodrive with Engel Viper 20 robot / hybrid machine / operating hours: approx. 20,000 hours in automatic mode Year of manufacture: 2016 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 70 mm Shot weight: approx. 1020 g Injection pressure: 1780 bar Dosing volume: 1155 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 260 t Tie bar spacing: 0x0 mm Platen size: 1100x1000 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: CC 300 - touchscreen Additional equipment: Production line with Engel Viper 20 robot Tie-bar-less, hybrid machine: energy-saving and very quiet Operating hours: approx. 20,000 in automatic mode Robot interface Air valve x 4 Hydraulic core pull x 2 on the side of the moving platen Hydraulic core pull x 6 on the side of the stationary platen Injection unit is wear-resistant and resistant to corrosion Main motor of the machine - servo motor driven by an inverter - energy saving Proportional valve on the injection unit – precise injection Kistler sensor - tool pressure control Automatic, hydraulically operated tool mounting system, controlled via the machine control panel Integrated automatic cooling water regulator e-flomo with heating function Robot Engel Viper 20 Year of manufacture: 2016 6-axis robot: 6 axes are driven by servo motors (electric): X, Y, Z, B, C, A Payload: 11 kg Touch control panel Safety package for robots Robot with adapter, conveyor belt and safety enclosure Purchase of the robot and conveyor belt for an additional charge Dimensions: Weight: 21000 kg Length/Width/Height: 7.36x2.06x2.37 m All machines offered are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in technical live tests at our company in Łódź. Iodpfxozy Iv Do Adletl Price: Upon request

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 32,200 h, The machine offered is an ENGEL VC 200/40 Tech, manufactured in 2012. Iodpfx Asz Ap Imsdljtl The machine is currently connected to the power grid. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: ENGEL Model: victory 200/40 tech Year of manufacture: 2012 Control system: ENGEL CC 200 Operating hours: approx. 32,200 h Clamping force: 400 kN / 40 t Screw diameter: 30 mm Injection pressure: 1,451 bar Displacement: 99 cm³ Platen size: 500 × 450 mm Tool height: 200 mm Opening stroke: 400 mm Max. platen distance: 600 mm Centering: 125 mm Ejector stroke: 100 mm Nozzle thread: M28 × 1.5 Smallest tool size: 280 mm Power: 15 kW Machine weight: approx. 2,900 kg Core pull: 1 Air ejector: 2 RSP: 3-part Design: tie-bar-less ____ Wittmann W702 picker / handling device Manufacturer: Wittmann Type: W702 Year of manufacture: 2012 Serial No.: 0000171976 Article No.: 7F00000506 X-axis: 100 mm Y-axis: 550 mm Z-axis: 90° Weight: approx. 52 kg Voltage: 105–250 V Current consumption: 1.6 A According to the available Wittmann documentation, the handling device has been refurbished. After completion of the work, a functional test and test run were carried out with the result "OK". _____ Cooling unit Manufacturer: aic regloplas GmbH Model: TAE EVO 081 Year of manufacture: 2006 Serial No.: 2200 086 152 Connection: 400 V / 3 Ph / 50 Hz Rated power: 11 kW Max. current consumption: 19 A Protection class: IP54 Max. operating pressure, water circuit: 6 bar Max. water temperature: 65 °C Refrigerant: R407C Refrigerant quantity: 5.5 kg Weight: approx. 331 kg _____ Scope of supply ENGEL victory 200/40 tech injection molding machine Wittmann W702 picker / handling device aic regloplas TAE EVO 081 cooling unit Inspection is possible by appointment. Dismantling and loading are the responsibility of the buyer! The machine is located in Bremen. _____ Subject to prior sale and errors in technical specifications. The technical specifications have been compiled to the best of our knowledge, but do not constitute guaranteed characteristics. Our general terms and conditions apply; the seller is not liable for typing or data transmission errors. The appearance of the offered items corresponds to their age and the images shown. The technology and wear of the offered items are consistent with their age. Used machines are sold exclusively to commercial customers and without warranty.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2015, clamping force: 1,200 kN, Engel E-Victory 170H/50V/120 combi (2015) 2k machine CC300 controll Clamping force: 1200 kN Mould min-max: 300mm Total tool max height: 800 mm plate size : 740 x 680mm Opening stroke: 505 mm Ejector stroke: 130 mm Ejector force: 39.8 kN Pump drive power: 15 kW Injection unit 1 Itjdpfx Adoxyi Rvoljl Screw diameter: 25 mm Max. swept volume: 59 cm³ Screw speed max: 400 r/min Screw speed max (current): 400 r/min Injection rate: 109 cm³/s Injection rate (increased): 109 cm³/s Specific injection pressure: 2400 bar Specific injection pressure (increased): 2400 bar Injection unit 2 Screw diameter: 20 mm Max. swept volume: 25 cm³ Screw speed max: 450 r/min Injection rate: 104 cm³/s Specific injection pressure: 2400 bar Machine with conveyor. Working hours : 41.427 h Possible to buy robot Engel VIPER 20 Linear (Z=3320mm)

Year of construction: 2017, condition: ready for operation (used), Clamping force: 1800kN, max. opening stroke: 750mm, min. mold installation height: 300mm, screw diameter: 40mm, L/D: 20, G4 S10, clear tie-bar spacing: tie-barless, max. stroke volume: 220cm³, injection rate: 223cm³/s, max. injection pressure: 1930bar, material barrel: M9 (bimetallic barrel), length: 6455mm, height: 2100mm, weight without mold: 13.7t, operating hours: 59,947h, with documentation. Available from December 2026, an on-site inspection is possible. Iodpfx Aoztzqzsdletl

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: ENGEL Type: e-motion 440-160 T Control: CC300 Year of manufacture: 2018 Operating hours: 33526 h Technical data, clamping side Itodpfx Adozyn Tpolol Clamping force: 1600 kN Tie bar distance h x v: 520 x 520 mm Platen size h x v: 760 x 760 mm Minimum mold height: 375 mm Maximum mold height: 600 mm Maximum platen distance: 1060 mm Opening stroke: 460 mm Ejector stroke: 150 mm Ejector force: 40 kN Centering of moving platen D: 160 mm Centering of fixed platen D: 160 mm Tool weight: 1250 kg Technical data, injection side Screw diameter: 40 mm Injection volume: 220 ccm Injection pressure: 1940 bar Screw length: 24 l/d Screw stroke: 175 mm Screw speed: 420 rpm Screw torque: 605 N Plasticizing rate: 33 g/s PS Free injection rate: 224 g/s PS Number of heating zones: 4 Nozzle stroke: 305 mm Dimensions & weight Machine dimensions L x W x H: 6.75m x 2m x 2.42m Total weight: 8500 KG Equipment • Screen text, German • Screen text, English • CEE socket, 32A • Hydraulic core pull, 2x • Hydraulic core pull unit • Air valve, 1x • Machine with water manifold • Machine without material hopper • Machine without material conveying system • Needle-valve nozzle, pneumatically actuated • Leveling elements • Interface EUROMAP 63 • Interface EUROMAP 67 Handling • Interface for ejector plate locking • Schuko socket, 10A

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, Engel ES 1350/275 HL with Engel ERC 53/1-E Robot / Machine in very good technical condition Year of manufacture: 2001 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 60 mm Shot weight: 547 g Injection pressure: 1834 bar Metering volume: 618 cm³ Clamping unit: Clamping force: 275 t Tie bar distance: 0x0 mm Platen size: 1050x900 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: CC 100 Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition Operating hours: 35,819 h in automatic mode Tie-barless machine Hydraulic core pull x 3 Hot runner control x 16 Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Machine has been regularly serviced by authorized Engel service Dimensions: Weight: 20,000 kg Length/Width/Height: 7.10x2.15x2.30 m All offered machines are started and tested by our service technicians before sale. You can request a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Itodpfx Aszy Iwbedljl Price: On request

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 11,337 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 234917, clamping force: 1,600 kN, screw diameter: 30 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, ENGEL eMotion 160 from a cleanroom injection molding facility, with only 11,300 operating hours and in like-new condition. The machine was used for the production of 64-cavity pipette molds at NYPRO (Jabil) in Knittlingen and is in like-new condition. Ijdowb Dl Tjpfx Adljtl This is the last available unit from an original total of 90 machines. It was originally intended for another NYPRO plant but has now been released for sale as part of a site relocation. • The order confirmation from ENGEL to NYPRO can be found in the documents. The original new price was approximately €330,000. The selling price is €78,500 including crane. I can provide you with the technical data upon request, but it is also available in the documents below. Included in the price: Dismantling the crane onto two Euro pallets, as well as removing the machine from the cleanroom and loading it onto your truck using a 15-ton forklift. If you are interested or have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. The machine is located near Karlsruhe and can be inspected there. Delivery is possible within a few days. You can find the order confirmation from ENGEL to NYPRO in the documents below!

Condition: excellent (used), ENGEL e-cap 3440/420 T injection molding machine Basic data • Manufacturer: ENGEL • Model: e-cap 3440/420 T • Year of manufacture: 2012 • Machine type: Fully electric injection molding machine • Control system: ENGEL CC200 • Operating hours: 63,000 h • Screw diameter: 80 mm Technical data Clamping unit • Clamping force: 4,200 kN (420 tons) • Clamping mechanism: Kneel-type, fully electric • Opening stroke: 700 mm • Minimum mold height: 350 mm • Maximum mold height: 750 mm • Mounting plate dimensions: 1350 × 1350 mm • Column spacing: 920 × 920 mm • Ejector stroke: 220 mm • Ejector force: 120 kN • Maximum mold weight: 6200 kg Injection unit • Unit size: 3440 • Screw diameter: 80 mm • Injection volume: 1709 cm³ • Maximum injection pressure: 1950 bar • Number of heating zones: 6 Equipment • ENGEL CC200 control system • Fully electric drives for all axes • Energy-efficient ENGEL e-cap technology • Very high precision and process repeatability Itjdpfszlgi Hsx Adljl • Suitable for continuous 24/7 operation Machine history The machine has been used since new for the production of plastic buckets. It has never been used for the production of PET caps, although the e-cap series was designed specifically for this type of application. The average cycle time was approximately 15 seconds. As a result, the clamping unit has performed significantly fewer operating cycles than typical e-cap machines used for cap production, where the cycle time is usually below 2–4 seconds. This potentially indicates lower mechanical wear compared to machines operated according to their original intended purpose.