Used Troemner Troemner 4Kg Cylindrical Calibration for sale (2,336)

Condition: used, This listing is for the Troemner 4KG Cylindrical Calibration Bledpfsxv Dpfox Af Ajn The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Troemner 4 kg Certified Calibration Weight in a cylindrical design, compliant with ASTM standards, is a precision mass standard used for calibrating high-precision balances. These weights are essential for ensuring the accuracy and traceability of weighing instruments in laboratory and industrial settings. Key Specifications Material: High-grade stainless steel, such as Troemner Alloy 8, known for its uniform density, low magnetic properties, and resistance to corrosion. Design: Cylindrical shape with a protective polycarbonate case. Density: Approximately 7.95 g/cm³ at 20°C. Tolerance: Varies by ASTM class; for instance, ASTM Class 3 weights typically have tighter tolerances suitable for calibrating balances with readability as low as 0.01 g to 0.001 g. Certification: Available with ISO/IEC 17025 accredited certificates or traceable certificates, ensuring compliance with international calibration standards. .

Condition: used, This listing is for the Troemner 2KG Cylindrical Calibration The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Troemner 2 kg Certified Calibration Weight in a cylindrical design, compliant with ASTM standards, is a precision mass standard used for calibrating high-precision balances. These weights are essential for ensuring the accuracy and traceability of weighing instruments in laboratory and industrial settings. Key Specifications Material: High-grade stainless steel, such as Troemner Alloy 8, known for its uniform density, low magnetic properties, and resistance to corrosion. Design: Cylindrical shape with a protective polycarbonate case. Density: Approximately 7.95 g/cm³ at 20°C. Tolerance: Varies by ASTM class; for instance, ASTM Class 3 weights typically have tighter tolerances suitable for calibrating balances with readability as low as 0.01 g to 0.001 g. Certification: Available with ISO/IEC 17025 accredited certificates or traceable certificates, ensuring compliance with international calibration standards. Blsdpfx Aexv Dn Uof Aon .

Condition: used, This listing is for a Sartorius F1 10KG Cylindrical Calibration Weight The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Bledoxv Aavjpfx Af Aon This is a high‑precision reference/test weight manufactured by Sartorius, made of stainless steel, with a nominal mass of 10 kg. It’s used primarily for calibrating, verifying and testing weighing instruments such as balances and scales. For example, the “Cylindrical Calibration Weight” line covers nominal masses from 1 g up to 10 000 g (10 kg) and this item falls at the top end of that range for the 10 kg value. Because it’s manufactured to a high class (F1 / OIML F1) and often comes with traceable certification, it serves as a “standard” weight for checking or adjusting high‑capacity lab or industrial balance

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1966, machine/vehicle number: 12485, grinding diameter:350 mm grinding length:2500 mm centre height:180 mm Bsdpfx Aei E Ix Nef Aoln total power requirement:5,5 kW weight of the machine ca.:5,5 t

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, CNC cylindrical grinding machine Lizzini IG-FL Year of manufacture: 2019 Condition: Absolutely new Control system: Siemens 840D sl Equipment: - 2 external grinding wheels - 1 internal grinding attachment with C-axis and fully controlled B-axis Distance between centers: 1000 mm Bsdpfoz E Hyvjx Af Asln Distance between centers (height): 200 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1404, total width: 1,690 mm, total length: 3,410 mm, total height: 1,915 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, TECHNICAL DATA Capacity - Height of centres: 125/175mm - Distance between centers: 400mm; 700mm; 1025mm - Max.travel of longitudinal slide: 400mm; 700mm; 1025mm Table - Table speed steplessly adjustable: 0.5 - 5.5 m/min. - Reversal dwell of table: 0-6 sec. - Minimum automatic stroke approx.: 1.5mm - Maximum swivel of table: 400 deg.- 12 ; 700 deg. -10; 1025 deg.- 8 - Travel per revolution of handwheel: 25mm Workhead - Swivel towards grinding wheel: 90 deg. - Spindle speed, steplessly variable: 30 - 675 RPM - Spindle nose taper: Morse 5 - Collet shank diameter: 25mm - Diameter of 3-jaw chuck: 160mm Wheelhead - Grinding wheel L.H. or R.H.: - Diameter (special exec. 6.25kW/8.4 HP): 400 (450) mm Bljdpfjupiycox Af Ajn - Maximum width: 50 (80) mm - Bore: 127 (203) mm - Spindle speeds (3-step Vee-belt pulley) - Grinding wheel dia 400: 1500/1625/1800/2000/2200/2400 RPM - Grinding wheel dia 450 (8.4HP): 1340/1500/1625/1800/2000/2200 RPM - Grinding wheel motor approx.: 3kW - Grinding wheel motor, special for 450 dia wheel approx.: 6.25kW - Rapid travel of wheelhead: - Hydr.approach and retraction: 40 mm - Additional adjustment with hand leveler: 210 mm - Swivel of the whole cross slide L.H. and R.H.: 45 deg. - Interminent feed, steplessly adjustable (on dia) at left or right hand table reversal, or both: 0.001 - 0.05 mm/sec. - Plunge feed, steplessly adjustable (on dia): 0.0002 - 0.1 mm/sec. - Maximum depth of plunge on dia: 1.7 mm Motor rating - Wheel spindle, standard: 3 kW - Wheel spindle special rating: 6.25 kW - Workhead: 0.55 kW - Hydraulics: 0.55 kW - Coolant pump, standard: 0.17 kW - Coolant pump, inteclon: 1.1 kW Workpiece weight - Maximum between centers: 80 kg Extras: grinding wheels, coilets, other additional equipment, user manuals

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1962, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 1,500 kg, input voltage: 380 V, Cylindrical roll grinder, VEB Schleifmaschinenwerk Berlin (WMW), type SI 40×70, manufactured in 1962 (factory number 1383/62). The machine is complete, with the original control panel (ON/OFF/STOP), and is in working condition. It can be inspected and tested on-site before purchase. Bledpfxjznu Trj Af Asn Technical specifications: Type / construction size: SI 40×70 Factory number / year of manufacture: 1383/62 Total weight: 1.5 t Current circuit: SI 40-8DT Wiring diagram: SI 41-002 Type of current: 3-phase alternating current (3~) Frequency: 50 Hz Operating voltage (input): 380 V Distribution voltage: 220 V Connected power: 2.8 kW Slow-blow fuse: 20 A Manufacturer: WMW / VEB Schleifmaschinenwerk Berlin – a German brand known for its robust, industrial-grade cylindrical grinders from that era. Transportation throughout Europe is available upon agreement. We provide a VAT invoice or receipt.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Cylindrical grinding machine for sale. In good working order and ready for use. Blodpfsz Hlr Tex Af Aen The price stated in the advertisement is the net price, to which VAT must be added. This is a universal centerless (cylindrical) grinding machine for external and internal grinding. Max. grinding length: 1000 mm Max. workpiece diameter: 315–320 mm Center height: 160 mm Grinding wheel up to Ø500 mm Grinding wheel width: approx. 80–90 mm Workpiece spindle speed: 15–375 rpm Longitudinal table travel: 1250 mm Transverse travel: approx. 170 mm Machine dimensions: approx. 4500 × 2075 mm Weight: approx. 4888 kg Control: conventional. The machine can be viewed in Starachowice at ul. Kwiatkowskiego 13. Contact by phone between 7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.

Condition: ready for operation (used), For sale: SHAANXI MACHINE TOOL WORKS M1432A universal cylindrical grinder, 1000 mm center distance. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Shaanxi Machine Tool Works Type/Model: M1432A Center distance: 1000 mm Bodpfxez Hu Dle Af Aoln Max. grinding diameter: 320 mm Center height: 180 mm External and internal grinding Power supply: 380 V / 3 phases / 50 Hz Connected power: 8 kVA Protection: 35 A Machine number: 177 Weight: approx. 5300 kg Operational. Ready for use. The price listed in the advertisement is the net price, to which VAT must be added. The machine can be viewed in Starachowice at ul. Kwiatkowskiego 13. Contact by phone from 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1992, machine/vehicle number: 92 0 20 10 19 031, total width: 1,900 mm, total length: 4,000 mm, total height: 2,000 mm, distance between centers: 1,200 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,600 rpm, grinding spindle speed: 1,600 rpm, overall weight: 1,900 kg, input voltage: 380 V, We are offering this refurbished Karstens K19-1000 cylindrical grinding machine, manufactured in 1992. Voltage: 380 V Rated current: 48 A Inrush current: 126 A Blsdpfx Afoz Dalis Aen Fuse in the supply line: 35 A Control current: 2.5 A Machine weight: 1.9 t If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, operating hours: 9,000 h, functionality: fully functional, center height: 225 mm, grinding length: 1,600 mm, STUDER S40 CNC Universal Cylindrical Grinding Machine with Polygon Grinding Attachment For sale is a STUDER S40 CNC universal cylindrical grinding machine, manufactured in 1995, with a GE Fanuc Series 16-GC control system and a polygon grinding attachment. The machine is equipped for various cylindrical grinding tasks and enables, among other things, face, plunge, internal, and cylindrical grinding. Additionally, the machine is equipped for polygon grinding. Technical Data Manufacturer: STUDER / Studer AG Model: S40 CNC Year of manufacture: 1995 Machine No.: 011.0166.60.028 Control system: GE Fanuc Series 16-GC Center distance: 1,600 mm Cross slide X: max. 275 mm Resolution: 0.0001 mm Maximum table swivel: 8.5° Equipment – Polygon grinding attachment – 2 grinding wheels plus 1 internal grinding unit, selectable via the control system – Face, plunge, internal, and cylindrical grinding – Automatic truing device – Steady rest – Magnetic chuck – Three-jaw chuck – Collets – Grinding between centers – Cycle control – DXF import – Grinding wheels in corundum, diamond, and CBN available – STUDER hand-held control unit The machine is in used condition with signs of wear and tear consistent with its age and use. An inspection is possible after prior arrangement. Price: €60,000 negotiable plus VAT. Location: 74343 Sachsenheim Collection/shipping by arrangement. Errors, changes, and prior sale reserved. Blodjzw E Npspfx Af Aen

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 5,000 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 750 mm, grinding diameter: 580 mm, workpiece weight between centers: 4,000 g, Used Gioria RU/S 5000 External Cylindrical Grinding Machine – High-Precision Grinding Technology for Large Parts Available from August 2025 – Viewing under power possible! This robust and precise Gioria RU/S 5000 external cylindrical grinding machine was developed for machining workpieces up to 5,000 mm long and 4,000 kg in weight. With its hydrostatic grinding spindle bearings and a powerful 20 kW drive, it offers the highest precision and excellent grinding results – ideal for use in heavy-duty machining and the production of high-precision components. 🔹 Key Features: ✔ Max. grinding diameter: 580 mm ✔ Grinding length: 5,000 mm ✔ Workpiece weight: up to 4,000 kg ✔ Hydrostatic grinding spindle bearings for vibration-free operation ✔ Large grinding wheel diameter 750 mm for efficient material removal ✔ Continuously adjustable workpiece spindle speed (10–180 rpm) for optimal adaptation to different workpieces ✔ Hydraulic table drive (0.05–4.0 m/min) for precise longitudinal movements Blsdpfjv Tnhwex Af Aon ✔ Digital display for the X-axis for exact feed Powerful features for maximum efficiency The machine is equipped with extensive accessories, including: ✅ Coolant cleaning system with paper belt filter (tank capacity: 450 liters) ✅ 6 grinding wheel holders for flexible machining options ✅ 8 steady rests for stable workpiece guidance during long machining operations Components ✅ Dressing device positioned on the tailstock for precise dressing of the grinding wheel Ready for immediate use – viewing available in Stuttgart! This machine is currently still live and can be demonstrated. Further data: Center height 300 mm Center width 5000 mm Max. workpiece diameter 580 mm Max. workpiece diameter with steady rest 30 – 400 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers 4000 kg Machine taper in the workhead: MT 6 Machine taper in the tailstock: MT 6 Operating voltage 400 V/ 50 Hz Machine weight approx. 20,000 kg Space requirement approx. 13 x 3.5 m Grinding wheel headstock Grinding spindle drive 20 kW Hydrostatic grinding spindle bearing Grinding wheel, max. 750 x 100 x 305 mm Grinding wheel peripheral speed, max. 1 – 34 m/sec. (for wheels Ø 750 mm) Workhead Speed range, continuously adjustable 10-180 rpm MT 6 taper chuck Swivel range +/- 45 degrees Worktable Hydraulic table drive – continuously adjustable 0.05 – 4.0 m/min Worktable swivel range +/- 4 degrees Tailstock Hydraulic quill stroke Quill stroke 90 mm MT 6 center chuck Dressing device positioned on the tailstock Coolant purification system Coolant tank with pressure pump and paper belt filter Tank capacity 450 liters 📍 Delivery: Free on truck from site 📅 Available from August 2025 ⚙ Warranty: None, as this is a used machine Take advantage of this opportunity to acquire a high-quality cylindrical grinding machine for your production. Perfect for large and heavy workpieces – secure this machine now for precise grinding at the highest level!

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 20119, We offer this Studer S35 cylindrical grinding machine, ready for use, manufactured in 1987. Manufacturer: Studer Model: S35 Year of manufacture: 1987 Condition: ready for use Category: 1373 Type: cylindrical grinding machine If you have any further questions or require additional information, please feel free to send us a message or call us. Bsdpfxszvvzye Af Aoln

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 2,352 h, functionality: fully functional, total width: 2,024 mm, total length: 2,670 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, distance between centers: 650 mm, type of input current: three-phase, grinding spindle motor power: 7,500 W, overall weight: 4,000 kg, input voltage: 400 V, The machine is equipped with the following spindles: - External grinding, 7.5 kW - Thread grinding, including grinding cycles, 7.5 kW - Internal grinding spindle, Fischer, 60,000 rpm Automatic B-axis for positioning the grinding spindles. C-axis on the workpiece spindle. Direct measurement for the X and Z axes. Measuring workpiece and tool probe with an automatic cycle. Sensitron on the workpiece spindle. The machine is in very good condition and has been used sparingly. Further information is available in the attached PDF files. Bjdpfx Afoz Eb Tqo Ajln Direct sale to end-users only. W-Technology s.r.o. Polní 8 79201 Bruntál Czech Republic

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1963, Maximum height: 100 mm Distance between centers: 500 mm Grinding wheel diameter: 300 mm Maximum grinding wheel speed: 2,825 min-1 Grinding head can be rotated 90° to the left and right Maximum workpiece speed: 750 min-1 Spindle taper MK 4 Tailstock 3-jaw grinding chuck 125 mm Faceplate 160 mm ER 40 collet chuck with 28-piece collet set Fixed center Bjdpfx Afozxqt Ne Aoln Grinding wheel flange with grinding wheel Wet grinding device

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 3,700 kg, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale: BERNARDO URS 1000 N universal cylindrical grinding machine, year of manufacture 2021. The machine is virtually new and has only been used a few times. It was originally purchased as part of an expansion of our machining capabilities. Following a change in the company's business profile, the machine was not put into regular production. The sale is therefore not related to any technical fault or machine failure. The machine is in excellent condition with minimal signs of use. It is designed for precision external cylindrical grinding as well as internal grinding. With a distance between centres of 1000 mm and a grinding diameter of up to 320 mm, it is suitable for toolrooms, machining companies, shaft production and refurbishment, machine-part manufacturing and small-batch production. Direct sale by the machine owner – SAWA Electronic, Poland. Main technical data: year of manufacture: 2021 distance between centres: 1000 mm centre height: 180 mm Bsdszz Nbwjpfx Af Aeln external grinding diameter: 8–320 mm maximum workpiece weight: 150 kg internal grinding diameter: 30/35–100 mm maximum internal grinding depth: 125 mm workhead spindle speed: 25–220 rpm grinding wheel: 400 × 50 × 203 mm grinding spindle speed: 1670 rpm internal grinding spindle speed: 10,000 rpm grinding head swivel range: ±30° hydraulic table feed digital position readout power supply: 400 V machine weight: approx. 3700 kg overall dimensions: approx. 3700 × 1900 × 1500 mm Equipment includes: internal grinding attachment 3-jaw chuck Ø200 mm steady rests coolant system digital readout grinding wheel dressing device grinding wheel balancing equipment Price: PLN 70.000 net + VAT Price: EUR 16.000 net + VAT Machine location: Regimin, Mazowieckie, Poland. Inspection and machine demonstration possible by prior arrangement.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1962, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,050 kg, input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, For sale: VEB Schleifmaschinenwerk Berlin / WMW SI 40×70 cylindrical grinding machine, manufactured in 1962, serial number 1334/62, Made in Germany. The machine is complete and in working condition. The machine can be inspected and tested on-site before purchase. WMW / VEB Schleifmaschinenwerk Berlin is known for its robust industrial grinding machines designed for heavy-duty workshop and production applications. Technical data: Manufacturer: WMW / VEB Schleifmaschinenwerk Berlin Type: SI 40×70 Serial number: 1334/62 Year of manufacture: 1962 Country of manufacture: Germany Total weight: approx. 1,050 kg Electrical diagram: SI 40-007 Wiring diagram: SI 40-008 Power supply: 3-phase AC Frequency: 50 Hz Bljdpfx Ajznvqljf Asn Operating voltage: 380 V Control voltage: 220 V Condition: Used, operational condition. Inspection and test run are possible before purchase. Transport: Transport can be arranged throughout Poland after prior agreement. Sales document: VAT invoice or receipt available. Contact: Please contact us to arrange inspection, collection, or transport.

Condition: used, Tschudin HTG310 Universal Cylindrical Grinder Centre height: 100mm Distance between centres: 340mm (13.4") Maximum grinding diameter: 200mm Maximum grinding length: 340mm Hydraulic table traverse Table swivel: ±11° Wheelhead swivel: ±5° Workhead swivel: 360° Infinitely variable workhead spindle speed: 50–500 RPM Automatic plunge and traverse grinding cycles Automatic infeed with adjustable spark-out timer Rapid wheelhead advance and retract Hydrodynamic wheelhead bearings for exceptional accuracy Grinding wheel size: 350 x 50 x 127mm (14" x 2" x 5") Fitted With Hydraulic table drive Universal workhead Bjdpfxjzrt Ipj Af Ajln Tailstock Coolant system Wheel guard Machine lighting

Condition: excellent (used), Various parts for the Zeiss Comet photogrammetry system; cables; calibration certificate. Bledpfx Afjz E Rgge Asn

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1976, Spitzl. Cylindrical grinding machine Nomoco M100 Offered here is a grinding machine from the company Nomoco of the type M100. Technical data: Manufacturer: Nomoco Type: M 100 year of manufacture: 1976 max. grinding diameter: 100mm Blsdpfx Afehc S Spo Ajn max. grinding length: 180mm grinding wheels: Ø 400mm max. grinding wheel width: 180mm weight: 3,2t grinding type: plunge grinding

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6861-0024, workpiece weight (max.): 250 kg, grinding length: 500 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 300 mm, total width: 4,600 mm, total length: 4,650 mm, total height: 3,580 mm, type of input current: three-phase, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, feed length X-axis: 500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 650 mm, feed length Z-axis: 650 mm, feed rate X-axis: 50 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 30 m/min, grinding spindle motor power: 50,000 W, grinding spindle speed: 12,000 rpm, overall weight: 9,000 kg, input frequency: 50 Hz, rapid traverse X-axis: 50,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30,000 m/min, input voltage: 400 V, space requirement height: 3,580 mm, MFG: Magerle (United Grinding) Model: MFP51 (MFP-51-50.65.65) Linear Axes Max X Travel = 500 mm Max X Travel Speed = 50000 mm / min Max Y Travel = 650 mm Max Y Travel Speed = 30000 mm / min Max Z Travel = 650 mm Max Z Travel Speed = 30000 mm / min Spindle Max. spindle power = 50 kW Max. speed = 12000 RPM Max. grinding wheel diameter = 300 mm Max. grinding wheel width = 60 mm Swivel Axles Bodjzwugdopfx Af Asln Swivel Range A = 210° Swivel Range B = 360° Swivel Range C = 360° Automatic 68-position tool change magazine portal magazine with inspection window and electromechanically interlocked loading station for manual loading of the tools. Ready to ship from Bangkok, Thailand

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 31.211.014, center height: 225 mm, grinding length: 1,000 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 400 mm, grinding diameter: 500 mm, workpiece diameter between centers: 500 mm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, Kellenberger UR 175x1000 CNC Kelco 70, fully functional Height increased from 175 to 225 (can be reversed) Machine no. 31.211.014, year of manufacture: 1987 Prepared for internal grinding attachment Accessories: 1x grinding wheel flange, left 1x grinding wheel flange, right 1x steady rest with various dressing tool holders 1x workpiece magnet 1x paper band filter No warranty, guarantee, or return Bledpjyyur Iofx Af Asn Available immediately, ex works If required, transport can be arranged.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 400CB1262, workpiece weight (max.): 20 kg, grinding wheel diameter: 350 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total length: 1,800 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,000 kg, input frequency: 50 Hz, input voltage: 400 V, Universal cylindrical grinding machine Ziersch & Baltrusch Type URS 400 Ergonomy Year of manufacture 2001 Bodpfx Aez Db Ewjf Ajln

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1970, functionality: fully functional, Data : Tip width 300 mm Tip height 150 mm External grinding spindle 4.0 kW Grinding wheel max. 400 x 80 x 127 mm Spindle cone MK4 Blodpfx Ajzu Incef Aen Workpiece headstock 0.55 kW Workpiece speeds 30 - 450 rpm Internal grinding spindle 1.5 kW

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 155847, Round grinding machine Knuth RSM 1000, year of manufacture 2012, fully functional, with internal grinding attachment. Condition: fully functional Year of manufacture: 2012 Location: West Saxony Price: on request Blsdpfxezyltmj Af Ajn Technical data: Manufacturer: Knuth Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH Type: RSM 1000 Serial number: 155847 Power: 9.5 kW Grinding length: 1,000 mm Grinding diameter: up to 320 mm Center height: 180 mm Dimensions: L 3,600 × W 1,650 × H 1,800 mm Machine weight: approx. 3.7 t Equipment: Digital 2-axis position display (DRO) Internal grinding attachment (standard) Steady rest (standard equipment) Central lubrication system Coolant system Description: For sale is a Knuth RSM 1000 round grinding machine, manufactured in 2012, with a digital 2-axis position display. With a grinding length of 1,000 mm and a grinding diameter of up to 320 mm, the machine is suitable for both single-part machining and small-batch production. It comes standard with an internal grinding attachment and a steady rest for machining long workpieces. The machine is fully functional. Inspection and test run possible at the location in West Saxony by appointment. Price: on request Other machines available from site liquidation Takeover of the location negotiable.