Used Hard Candy Line for sale (12,141)

Condition: good (used), Dry sorting line with 22 pockets. Bwsdpfxezuk T Ue Abtst

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2015, Complete Knapp Fastline System RA2519 _____ Premium Conveyor Technology Available Immediately A high-quality, modular conveyor system from the Austrian intralogistics specialist KNAPP AG is for sale. The system was manufactured in 2015 as part of an automated material flow system but was never put into operation. It remains disassembled and in storage today. With a conveyor length of approximately 300 meters, numerous buffering sections, RollerDrive curves, and comprehensive original documentation, this system offers a cost-effective alternative to a new, expensive purchase. _____ The system at a glance Feature Description Manufacturer KNAPP AG System Fastline Year built 2015 Conveyor Length approx. 300 m Roller Width 450 mm Accumulation space 720 mm Conveyor speed 0,75 m/s RollerDrive curves 11 units Interroll DriveControls 277 units available _____ High-quality industrial design The KNAPP Fastline series is one of the proven modular conveyor systems for automated material flows. The system was developed for the continuous transport of cartons and containers and is suitable for use in: • Distribution centers • Shipping logistics • Production logistics • E-commerce • Replacement or expansion of existing conveyor systems Thanks to its modular design, individual conveyor sections can be used just as easily as complete system components. _____ Scope of Delivery The scope of delivery includes, among other things: Conveyor Technology • Approx. 300 meters of roller conveyor systems • Accumulation roller conveyors • Drive roller conveyors • Conveyor modules of various lengths • Conveyor curves Curves • 11 RollerDrive curves Drive Technology • 277 Interroll DriveControls EC310 Steel Structures • Extensive support columns • Column bases • Connecting elements Pneumatics • Pneumatically controlled accumulation stations • Pneumatic assemblies • Sensors Documentation • Original KNAPP parts lists • Transport and package lists • Documentation of the main assemblies _____ Technical Concept The system is based on the modular KNAPP Fastline system. The material being conveyed is transported on roller conveyors. Bwsdpfezwylrsx Abtst The storage bins are pneumatically controlled. Thanks to the modular design, conveyor routes can be easily extended or adapted to new warehouse layouts. A key advantage is the use of commercially available industrial components, ensuring that replacement parts will remain available in the future. _____ Premium Manufacturer KNAPP is one of the world\'s leading manufacturers of automated material flow systems. The system is not a custom-built or specially designed solution, but rather based on an industrial mass-production platform. _____

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Inline cooking line for pasteurizing processed cheese, heating from the initial mixing temperature to approximately 85°C for filling or further processing. The line consists of: Buffer Tank The buffer tank is used for the temporary storage of processed cheese prior to further processing or filling. The product is maintained at approximately 15°C to preserve quality and ensure optimal viscosity. This stabilizes the process flow, balances fluctuations in upstream and downstream operations, and helps maintain consistent product properties. Volume: 400 kg Model: Zufühfbehälter 400 Type: 670 Machine No.: 14616 Installed power: 22 kW (46A) Year of manufacture: 2012 The buffer tank is equipped with: - Tank with 2 feed augers, CIP cleanable. - Stainless steel covers - Load cells for weight indication on the buffer - Outfeed pump - CIP return pump (Fristam model: FPE3532/155, 7.5 kW) Inline Cooker The inline cooker is used to continuously heat and process the cheese mixture from approximately 15°C to 85°C. During this step, the product is thermally treated and homogenized by a high-shear mixer to ensure optimal mixing of steam into the product and to achieve the desired structure and consistency. This ensures efficient processing, uniform product quality, and a stable flow for downstream operations. Heating unit specifications Model: FL / Erhitzungseinheit Type: 261 Machine No.: 14217 Installed power: 17 kW (37A) Year of manufacture: 2012. Bodpfjzxc Dmsx Abtowt The controls are excluded.

Condition: excellent (used), Zwick / Roell Type: Z020 Allround-Line BT1-FR020TN.A50 Zwick / Roell Materials Testing Machine 20 kN Tensile & Compression Testing testXpert III For sale is a high-quality Zwick / Roell materials testing machine for professional tensile and compression testing of materials and components. The machine is suitable for metals, plastics, rubber, and many other materials and is typically used in laboratories, quality assurance, research, and education. Control is via PC using Zwick/Roell testXpert III software (data carrier & documentation included). Technical Data: Rated test force: 20 kN Test direction: tensile & compression Power supply: 230 V / 50–60 Hz / single-phase Power consumption: approx. 2.1 kVA Weight: approx. 150–180 kg Dimensions: approx. 856 × 650 × 1,545–2,114 mm Technical data (according to documentation & nameplate) Mechanics / Testing Nominal force: 20 kN Testing direction: tensile & compression Max. test frequency: 0.5 Hz Crosshead: servo-electric Positioning accuracy: < 1 µm Speed range: 0.0005 – 1,000 mm/min Dimensions & Weight: Total height: approx. 1,545 – 2,114 mm (depending on crosshead position) Total width: approx. 856 mm Total depth: approx. 650 mm Working area width: 440 mm Weight: approx. 150 kg (base unit) approx. 180 kg with typical configuration Electrical Data Power supply: 230 V AC Phases: single-phase (1PH, N, PE) Mains frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Current consumption: approx. 8–10 A Power consumption: approx. 2.1 kVA Plug: Schuko (CEE 7) Measuring & Control Electronics: Internal data acquisition: 500 Hz Data transmission to PC: adjustable 10–100 Hz Interface: RS232 (COM) Electronics housing protection class: IP32 Important note: 'The table shown in the photos is not included in the sale.' Condition: used Bodpfxszimgto Abtewt Scope of delivery: (see picture) - Zwick / Roell materials testing machine (20 kN) - Electronics unit - PC workstation (monitor, PC – please see photos for condition) - 2 measurement modules (Delock units) - Zwick/Roell testXpert III software (data carrier) - Original operating and technical documentation - Various connection and interface cables (Specifications are subject to change and errors excepted!) If you have any questions, we will be pleased to assist you by phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, For sale is a complete, modern production line for manufacturing and processing electric motor stators, produced by the reputable NIDE Group (year of manufacture: January 2017). The machines are fully automated (CNC/PLC control) and formed a cohesive production flow within the facility. The equipment has CE certification. The complete line consists of 5 processing stations: Coil Winding Machine: Model RXL2-160. Bedpszuukqofx Abtewt Winding Inserting Machine: Model QX1-150/160. Middle Forming Machine: Model Z2XJ1-160/190. Double Side Lacing Machine: Model BXIIL1-160/160 (with a rotary table integrated into the process). Final Forming Machine: Model Z3XJ1-200/210T (with its own hydraulic power unit). Along with a comprehensive set of tooling! We also sell the original toolboxes containing mandrels, forming heads, and dies, which enable quick changeovers for production (as seen in the photos). The line is ready for loading from the warehouse in Ostrzeszów. Please contact us.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, Equipment: documentation/manual, MAAG M-USG 600 H – PET Pelletizing Line, 6,500 kg/h – 2018 MAAG Automatik M-USG 600 H pelletizing line, manufactured in 2018, designed as an underwater strand pelletizing system for the continuous production of polymer pellets and originally used for PET. The line integrates automatic strand feeding and cutting, water cooling, hydraulic conveying, centrifugal drying and pellet classification, with an approximate nominal capacity of 5,300 kg/h and a maximum design capacity of up to 6,500 kg/h. Equipped with an 80-strand die head, automatic feeding system and strand pelletizer/cutter, hydraulic conveying system, MAAG CENTRO 1600 centrifugal dryer, exhaust fan, VIBRA Schultheis SRK 15/7.5-I-V-S vibrating screen, and control system with Siemens SIMATIC HMI. Predominantly stainless-steel construction in the areas in contact with the product and process water. Bwedpfxezvc R Uj Abtst Suitable for PET pellet production and potentially for recycled PET (rPET) pelletizing applications, subject to process configuration and material characteristics. Two identical lines available, fitted with MAAG CENTRO 1600 dryers, machine numbers CE-0468 and CE-0469.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6582018005, year of last overhaul: 2025, workpiece weight (max.): 2,000 kg, power of the milling unit: 8,400 W, disc diameter: 250 mm, cutting length (max.): 30 mm, Подробна информация за машините е описана в прикачения файл. Bwjdpfxeztxv Ue Abtot Detailed information about the machines is provided in the attached file.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 759 h, machine/vehicle number: LC644, Used Kronse CSD filling line for Glass 36000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis line is build in 2012, Krones complete line for glass CSD, rated 36,000 bottles/hour in 1.0 L format, with a 70‑valve isobaric filler and 18 capping heads. ready for operation, and shows 759 working hours.Manufacturer: KronesYear of manufacture: 2012Nominal capacity: 36,000 bphProduct type: CSD (carbonated soft drinks)Container type: Glass bottlesBottle neck finish: 28 mmVolume format: 1.0 LRinsing heads/nozzles: 90Filling valves: 70 (isobaric filler for CSD)Capping heads: 18Working hours: 759Electrical ratings: 400/230 V, 50 Hz; up to 46 A on major modulesLine components: Krones Linatronic empty-bottle inspector; rotary rinsing machine (90 nozzles); isobaric filling machine (70 valves, 18 capping heads); Krones Checkmat filled-container inspector; Krones Autocol labeling machine; Krones Variopac wrap-around packer; Krones Modulpal palletizer; integrated conveyor systemDocumentation: Operating manuals availableLayout: Line layout availableAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsKrones automation with centralized HMI enables recipe-based changeovers and synchronized drives for high-speed CSD operation.Operator HMI for setup and monitoringAutomatic synchronization across rinsing, filling, labeling, packing, palletizingElectronic fill control optimized for isobaric CSD fillingInterlocked safety guards and distributed emergency stopThree-phase 400 V supply with 230 V control circuits, 50 HzProduction Line Integration CapabilitiesEngineered as a cohesive Krones platform and bottling station, maintaining precise glass handling from infeed through palletizing.Inline operation with full conveyor integration from empty bottle inspection to finished palletsFormat range centered on 1.0 L, 28 mm neck glassIsobaric technology dedicated to carbonated soft drinksLabeling via Krones Autocol for accurate application on glassWrap-around case packing (Variopac) and palletizing (Modulpal)Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryOn power and ready for operation with low hours. Documentation and layout support fast installation and service planning.Operational status: ready for operationLow-hours profile: 759 hoursManuals and layout includedOperational Performance & VersatilityConfigured for glass CSD, providing stable carbonation retention and foam control at 36,000 bph. As a CSD bottling machine, quality control is ensured by dual inspection: Linat... Bwjdpfx Abezd Uftotot

Condition: excellent (used), Zwick / Roell Z020 Allround-Line BT2-FR020TNW.A50 Material Testing Machine, 20 kN Manufacturer: Zwick / Roell Series: Z020 Allround-Line Type: BT2-FR020TNW.A50 Machine Type: Servo-electric Material Testing Machine / Universal Testing Machine Max. Testing Force: 20 kN For sale is a used Zwick / Roell Z020 Allround-Line material testing machine with testControl II control system, industrial PC, and installed testXpert V3.5 software. The machine is suitable for tensile and compression tests on metals, plastics, elastomers, composite materials, and numerous other materials, and is used in testing laboratories, quality assurance, research and development, and training. Technical Data: Bwjdpfx Aezra Rqjbtet Manufacturer: Zwick / Roell Series: Z020 Allround-Line Type: BT2-FR020TNW.A50 Max. Testing Force: 20 kN Testing Direction: Tensile and Compression Testing Space Height: 1,000 mm Crosshead Speed: 0.0005–1,000 mm/min Power Supply: 230 V / 50–60 Hz Power Consumption: 8 A Control System: testControl II Software: testXpert V3.5 Load Cell: Zwick / Roell Xforce P 20 kN Zwick / Roell Xforce P 2.5 kN Dimensions: Machine Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 1,244 × 690 × 1,324 mm Machine Weight: approx. 212 kg Equipment: testControl II control system Industrial PC with installed testXpert V3.5 software 20 kN Xforce P load cell 2.5 kN Xforce P load cell Testing table Testing fixture Connection and cabling Accessories as shown in the pictures Shipping Data: Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 1,244 × 690 × 1,324 mm Shipping Weight: approx. 212 kg Condition: Used Optical condition as shown in the pictures. Functional scope as shown in the pictures. Nameplates present. Scope of Supply: Zwick / Roell Z020 Allround-Line BT2-FR020TNW.A50 testControl II control system Industrial PC with installed testXpert V3.5 software 20 kN Xforce P load cell 2.5 kN Xforce P load cell Testing table Testing fixture Connection and cabling Further accessories as shown in the pictures The table, monitor, keyboard, and mouse shown in the photos, as well as any other items not explicitly mentioned, are not included in the sale. Availability: by arrangement. Scope of supply as shown in the pictures. Subject to changes, errors, and prior sale.

Condition: used, Complete system Dematic 84180 mm order picking system with empty crates accumulating roller conveyor with flow racks. RA1968 Complete line consisting of: Order picking with racks and flow-through infeed Passage Outgoing goods packing Bedpfxjk Abnve Abtowt Shipping Order picking: Length: 84180 mm Frame width: 500mm Roll width: 440mm Undriven roller conveyor on both sides Two accumulation roller conveyors for empty and full boxes Roller conveyors are equipped with plates for pushing over the crates Pallet racks with flow inserts and pallet flow Flow racks with adjustable widths Passage: Consisting of vertical conveyors, incline and decline belts Shipping: Loops for packing and empty boxes 33 m loop for full crates 20 m loop for empty crates Overfeed and passage to connect loops with each other further transport with ascending belt to the stretcher several stretchers at outgoing goods For a customization, simply get in touch with us. Just contact us by phone or mail or visit our website We will be happy to help you with the planning and implementation of your projects. We look forward to hearing from you. With kind regards Your team of Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co. KG Your specialist and contact for intralogistics

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008047, Position 1: Brushing Machines SCM-BRAVOROBOT P1 Position 2: spraying machine SCM-BRAVOROBOT P1 Position 3: Roller Conveyors SCM-BRAVOROBOT P1 Position 4: Compressed Air Dryers SCM-BRAVOROBOT P1 Bwsdpfxew Idbyo Abtet Position 5: Ovens SCM-BRAVOROBOT P1

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 006619, Position 1: Panel Feeding and Loading IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 2: Double Squaring Machines IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 3: Panel Turning Device IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 4: Single Edgebanders IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 5: Roller Conveyors IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 6: Single Edgebanders IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Position 7: Panel Turning Device IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050 Bjdpfxoqy Em Nj Abtswt Position 8: Panel Stacking and Offloading IMA + MEINERT-COMBIMA/I/R75/2050

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007357, Position 1: Panel Feeding and Loading BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5 Position 2: Double Sided Squaring/Edgebanding Machines BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5 Position 3: Panel Turning Device BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5 Position 4: Double Sided Squaring/Edgebanding Machines BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5 Position 5: Panel Turning Device BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5 Bwedpfewuz Rtjx Abtet Position 6: Panel Stacking and Offloading BIESSE - RBO-STREAM SB2 9.5

Condition: like new (used), Juice Mixing and Preparation Line with Homogenizer – Stainless Steel Industrial line for mixing, preparation, and homogenization of juices, designed for the production and conditioning of juices, nectars, fruit beverages, and other liquid or semi-liquid products. The installation consists of several stainless-steel process tanks, mixing systems, sanitary piping, pumps, instrumentation, and a homogenizer, allowing for various product preparation operations to be carried out within a single unit. Homogenization reduces and more uniformly distributes the particles present in the product, helping to improve its stability, texture, and consistency, and reducing the tendency for phase separation, depending on the formulation. MAIN FEATURES -Type: Juice mixing and preparation line -Application: Juices, nectars, and beverages -Several stainless-steel process tanks Bsdpfxsx S E E Aj Abtswt -Tanks with mixing systems -Integrated homogenizer -Product mixing and homogenization -Circulation and transfer system -Sanitary pumps -Process piping and valves -Pressure and temperature instrumentation -Batch preparation and formulation -Possibility of product recirculation -Construction primarily in stainless steel -Hygienic design for the food industry -Unit mounted on a common frame -Integrable with thermal treatment and filling systems PROCESS The different ingredients or base products are introduced into the preparation tanks, where mixing, dissolution, ingredient incorporation, and conditioning operations can be carried out. Subsequently, the product can circulate through the homogenizer, where it is subjected to a mechanical treatment designed to reduce and uniformize the size of the particles or dispersed phases. Depending on the formulation and installed configuration, the system can be used for: -Preparation and mixing of juices -Production of nectars -Mixing of different concentrates or pulps -Ingredient incorporation -Homogenization -Suspension stabilization -Reduction of phase separation -Pre-treatment before thermal processing -Feeding filling lines APPLICATIONS Especially suitable for manufacturers of juices, nectars, fruit beverages, liquid purees, and other food beverages that require a versatile installation for preparation and homogenization. It can be used with products containing pulp or suspended particles, subject to the characteristics of the product and the configuration of the homogenizer and other installed equipment. The line can subsequently be integrated with pasteurizers, sterilizers, heat exchangers, aseptic tanks, and filling systems. Machine available for inspection. Additional technical information, capacities, dimensions, additional photographs, or videos can be provided upon request.

Condition: excellent (used), Gannomat slot mortising machine / dowel drilling machine with Leroy-Somer motor - Motor type: LS80L2 - Power: 1.1 kW - Speed: 2810 rpm - Voltage: 220/380 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Protection class: IP54 3-phase drive - Stable work table - Precision guide rails - Adjustable stops - Robust metal construction - Ideal for series production and precise wood joints – with drill and cup cutter - Air pressure must be shut off manually Bsdpfey Saw Hex Abtewt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Modular and scalable design Probable working width 600 mm Electrical supply 400 V Rated current 16 A Frequency 50 Hz – to be confirmed Output up to 7,500 pieces/hour Programmable control with touchscreen 50 memorizable programs Rex head according to configuration Weight range 35 to 85 g with Basic Rex Weight range 50 to 110 g with Basic Rex Pre-lamination before fermentation Resting pre-fermenter Optional pre-fermenter air conditioning Interchangeable stamping station Optional longitudinal cutting station RR forming station according to configuration WK-RR forming station according to configuration Seeding unit according to configuration Automatic depositing onto trays or belts Drive power 3.5 to 5.3 kW Fermenter air conditioning 4.4 kW Fermenter water 15 l/h maximum at 2 bar Seeding water 40 l/h at 2 bar Maximum height approximately 2,640 mm Used industrial line for rolls – König Combi Line The used König Combi Line is a modular line designed to automate the dividing, rounding, resting, shaping, and depositing of rolls. Its scalable design allows different modules to be combined according to the desired products, required output, and organization of the bakery. The nameplate identifies this equipment as a Combi Line manufactured by König Maschinen Kft. The visible machine number is 06.6.0070. The beginning of the configuration code appears to correspond to a 600 mm width version, but the complete composition of the line must be confirmed by an inventory of the modules present. Why this line stands out The Combi Line is based on a modular architecture, allowing the production of numerous formats from a single installation. Depending on its configuration, it can integrate a Rex dividing-rounding head, pre-lamination, a pre-fermenter, a stamping station, a forming station, a seeding unit, and an automatic depositing unit. This modularity facilitates the adaptation of the line to changes in production. Additional equipment can be added later without replacing the entire installation. Key advantages Modular and scalable design Automated production of many types of rolls Output of up to 9,000 pieces per hour Gentle dough handling with Rex heads Memorizable settings for different productions Bjdpfx Abezp H Epjtowt Quick tool changes for stamping Automatic depositing onto trays, belts, or boards Wide choice of shaping and finishing modules Seed recovery, limiting waste Easy access for cleaning and maintenance Products achievable depending on the configuration The Combi Line range allows the production of round, oval, flattened, laminated, stamped, cut, rolled, or seeded dough pieces. It is particularly suitable for hamburger buns, hot dog buns, milk bread rolls, Kaiser rolls, Kornspitz, decorated rolls, donuts, bocadillos, and long products such as half-baguettes. It can process wheat doughs, mixed doughs, cereal doughs, and various leavened doughs, provided they are compatible with the dividing head and installed tools.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Plant includes receiver tank with agitator, extractor, centrifugal pump, sealing water tank, corner tube sieve eluate line, corner tube sieve condenser, vacuum unit, condenser, oil heat exchanger, conveying unit V 3825 and 3821, sight glasses and fittings, with documentation. Bwsdpfjiquuvox Abtet

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), System includes (1) Industrial Robot KUKA KR 150-2 2000 (2) Spot Welding System SPATZ (3) Camera Inspection OMRON (4) Light Barrier SICK, operational hours counter: 2602h. Bsdegqkpmspfx Abtewt

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, strip width: 100 - 800 mm strip thickness steel (aluminium): 0,8 - 4 (7) mm reference material (tensile strength): 600 N/mm² coil weight: max. 13 t Bedpfernq Ufsx Abtowt coil OD: max. 2.000 mm year: 2001

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Hydraulic punching machine Brand: Boschert Model: Ecco Line EL 500 Digital Features: Punching force: 28 t Work table dimensions (width x length): 500 x 1000 mm Maximum sheet thickness: 6 mm (up to a punch diameter of 40 mm) Maximum die diameter: 105 mm (up to 1 mm sheet thickness) Maximum number of strokes: 180 strokes/min Switch-on value: 5 kW Voltage: 3 x 400 V / 50 Hz Total weight: 2 tons Bsdpfx Abern Swketowt Dimensions of the EL-500-Digital punching machine (length x width x height): 2400 x 1580 x 1540 mm Tool cabinet, 4 tool drawers Foot pedal Includes all the accessories shown in the pictures.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1976, strip width: 400 - 2.100 mm strip thickness: 0,5 - 3 mm Bwjdpfsqw Aacex Abtot coil weight: 40 t coil ID: 508/610 mm

Year of construction: 1979, condition: good (used), strip width: 600 - 1.600 mm strip thickness: 0,4 – 2 mm edge trimming width: 5 - 60 mm Bwsdpfx Abogrug Rjtot speed: approx. 60 m/min

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, Fully automatic package jointing line 500 mm Packaging width - Consisting of: - Finger jointing Central Milling Machine - 2 fixed transport tables Bwodpfolatv Asx Abtjt - 1 Wheeled processing unit - 2 milling spindles - 2 flakers - Glue - Separating station with tilt-back - Threading section 2 transport chains - Feed with double rollers - Extrusion press 12 ton - crosscut - Packaging width 500 mm - wood in max. 1950 mm - wood in min. 200 mm - Workpiece 50-215 mm - Workpiece thickness of 25 to 100 mm - Performance 2,5- 3 tables / min - Press force max. 12000 kp - Length of the threading section 3900 mm - Lenght of the press bed 5000 mm - wood with fingerjoint endless - Engine performance milling spindle 2x18,5 kW - Engine chipper 2x 7.5 kW

Year of construction: 1985, condition: excellent (used), strip width: 10 - 350 mm strip thickness: 0,2 - 2 mm Bwodpfxslilfbe Abtot No. of slits/strip thickness: 25/0,5 mm coil weight: max. 1 t

Year of construction: 1987, condition: excellent (used), strip width 160 - 1.050 mm strip thickness 0,4 – 3 mm strip cross section 2.500 mm² Bsdolilztspfx Abtswt reference material (tensile strength) 420 N/mm²