Used Studer S40 for sale (634)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Studer S60 CNC – Very well-maintained machine Bsdpfsh Aykiex Aa Tswp Operated solely with oil Year of manufacture: 2002 Center height: 225 mm Control system: Fanuc 16T

Condition: used, Centre height 125 mm Distance between centres 400 mm Max. longitudinal travel 440 mm Grinding wheel 400x50x127 mm Max. grinding diameter 250 mm Max. table load 80 kg Max. workpiece weight between centres 80 kg Grinding wheel speeds: number (steps) 3, 1500-1800 rpm Angular displacement +/- 45° Workpiece spindle head: - stepless speeds 30-675 rpm - rotatable 90° Spindle taper 5 MT Tailstock taper 3 MT Table speed stepless 0.05-5.50 m/min Bjdpfsylcpkox Aa Tewp External grinding wheel motor 3 kW Machine weight approx. 1500 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, internal diameter 99999 mm grinding depth 99999 mm swing diameter 99999 mm grinding diameter 99999 mm grinding length 200 mm centre height 175 mm Bwsdouxft Sepfx Aa Tjp CNC internal grinding machine B-axis 4 x 90° Q-axis for adjusting tapers Used with minor maintenance 2 HF internal grinding spindles: -Fischer MFM 1090 90,000 rpm -Fischer MFM 1242/60 42,000-60,000 rpm 1 external grinding motor spindle Fischer MFVS1407 7,000 rpm -Pneumatic power clamping device with 20mm stroke -Dressing device with 2 swivelling arms, hydraulically foldable back -Grinding detection ring sensor Dittel on the workpiece headstock -Passive grinding detection with magnetic base -Paper belt filter 375 l

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, grinding diameter 250 mm grinding length 400 mm centre height 125 mm Bedpfsvx Dvuox Aa Tewp Control Fanuc 21i-T Maschine gewartet und teilüberholt. -Neue Schleifspindellagerung -Neue x-Achs Spindel -Obertisch überschliffen -Neue Geometrie Tischgeometrie -Neue Geometrie WSS zu Schleifspindeln B-Achse mit 1° Hirth Verzahnung Längspositionierung HF-Innenschleifspindel GAP Papierbandfilter

Condition: excellent (used), FANUC 21i-T Control Center Height 175 mm Distance between centers 1000 mm Grinding head B-axis 1° Bsdpfsyabt Djx Aa Towp Grinding wheel 500 x 63 x 203 mm Grinding wheel speeds -1'500 rpm Internal grinding attachement 60'000 rpm Work piece spindle head C-axis 0.001 ° Measuring probe Automatic balancing attachement Wheel dresser Misc. accessories MARCELS MASCHINEN AG

Year of construction: 1989, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5117.19, TECHNICAL DETAILS Grinding diameter: 450 mm Grinding length: 1600 mm Center height: 225 mm Control system: Siemens Sinumerik System3 Rotational speed: max. 2440 rpm Center distance: 1750 mm Resolution: 0.001 mm Speed: 0.06 - 10000 mm/min Cross slide: 180 mm Feed rate: 0.01 - 5000 mm/min Resolution: 0.0005 mm Workpiece weight: max. 500 kg Bedpfxjlnkfao Aa Towp Tailstock travel: 40 mm Straightness of the outer circumference over 650 mm: 0.004 mm Roundness accuracy: 0.0005 mm MACHINE DETAILS Machine weight: approx. 7.3 t Total connected load: max. 22 kVA

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 119/020.0895, Manufacturing origin CH Voltage 400 V Netweight 4500 kg Custom position 8460.2320 Dimensions 2700x2350x2100 mm TECHNICAL DATA Control Fanuc 16i-T Center height 175 mm Distance between centers 1000 mm LINEAR AXES Grinding length 500 mm Strokes X : 267 mm Z : 650 mm WHEEL HEADSTOCK Continuous orientation +/- 8.5°. External grinding wheel size 500x80x203 mm Power 7.5 kW Speed 44 m/sec. WORKPIECE HEADSTOCK Taper type MT5 C-axis +/- 5 Power 1 kW Speed 30-1000 min-1 TAILSTOCK Taper type MT3 Sleeve stroke 35 mm Sleeve diameter Ø 50 mm Max. workpiece weight 130 kg POWER SUPPLY Voltage 400V 50 Hz errors and omissions excepted-data given without obligation Fully overhauled: Mechanics, geometry, hydraulics and electrical parts checked and/or replaced. Grinding headstock Disassembly, cleaning of parts, replacement of worn and defective parts, overhaul of motor, replacement of bearings, replacement of belts, disassembly of spindle, replacement of seals and O-Rings + adjustment. New paintwork. Headstock Dismantle, clean parts, replace worn and faulty parts, overhaul motor, replace belts. New spindle bearings. New paintwork. Tailstock Dismantled, checked and overhauled. Hydraulics Dismantle, check motor, replace hoses, defective and worn parts. Check hydraulic block Bwjdpfx Aaolbgfco Tjp X-axis Dismantle, replace worn parts such as O-Rings, seals, rings etc., overhaul hydraulic piston, grind tables. Z axis Dismantle, grind tables, replace worn and defective parts, overhaul hydraulic piston, new paintwork. Electrical cabinet Complete check, change various relays. Painting Colors: White RAL 9003 and gray RAL 7011 Geometry according to manufacturer's protocol. Inspection and cleaning of various accessories

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, Universal Cylindrical Grinding Machine Studer S30 leanPRO Studer S 30 Year of manufacture: 2000 Operating hours counter Regular maintenance intervals by manufacturer (last service 11/25, report available) Wheel change: according to manufacturer intervals Hydraulic inspection: annual check Backup battery replacement: included in Studer maintenance Control system: FANUC 16 T Grinding diameter: 350 mm Grinding length: 1000 mm Center height: 125 mm Distance between centers: 650 mm Optional grinding cycles for increased center height Table adjustment: 11° Glass scale on X / Z axis Paper band filter unit Workpiece headstock: approx. 1-1,000 rpm Internal grinding attachment with accessories LED spotlight with flexible arm Grinding wheel: 400x80 mm Frequency converter for external grinding spindle Grinding wheel flange Bore diameter: 127 mm Frequency converter for internal grinding spindle Workpiece weight: approx. 80 kg Workpiece support with live center and MK 4 Workpiece headstock: MK 5 taper Tailstock: MK 3 taper Bedpfxsyx Hgzs Aa Tjwp Quill stroke: 40 mm Machine weight: approx. 3,400 kg Installation dimensions (LxW): 2,300x1,550 mm Machine height: approx. 2,000 mm Electrical supply Digital linear measurement system Coolant supply with fleece filter, tank capacity 300L Operating hours counter, control ON: 35,978 h

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 36 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1024-54, Country of Manufacture: Switzerland Voltage: 380/50/3 Net weight: approx. 1600 kg Customs tariff: 8460.2920 Dimensions: 235 x 155 x 145 cm TECHNICAL FEATURES: MAIN DIMENSIONS: Centre height: 100 mm Distance between centres: 400 mm LONGITUDINAL SLIDE: Max travel: 420 mm Minimum automatic travel: 1 mm Table feed speed: 100–3500 mm/min Overtravel delay: 0–5 sec. Maximum table swivel (400/650 mm): 30°/15° CROSS SLIDE: Max travel: 170 mm Rapid traverse: 30 mm Plunge depth (diameter): 1.9 mm Feed rate 1: 0.03–1.5 mm/min Feed rate 2: 0.02–0.3 mm/min Plunge feed per impulse: 0.0005–0.025 mm WHEELHEAD: Grinding wheel (diameter x width x bore): 350 x 32 x 127 mm Drive power: 3 kW Peripheral speed: 30 m/s Spindle speeds: 1600/1975/2200 rpm Manual stroke: 120 mm Swivel to right: 15°/30° Optional wheel guard for wheel set max width: 50 mm WORKHEAD: Swivel range: 0°–90° Spindle speeds: 80/175/380/800 rpm Internal taper: Morse 4 Bjdpfx Aaew T Sc No Tjwp Collet type: W-20 Drive power: 0.5 kW Maximum workpiece weight: 20 kg Load for in-the-air grinding: 12 Nm Optional stepless drive speed range I: 30–300 rpm Optional stepless drive speed range II: 120–1200 rpm TAILSTOCK: Internal taper: Morse 2 Quill travel: 20 mm GUARANTEED WORKING ACCURACY: Generator straightness: Between centres: 400 mm Measured over 400 mm: 0.002 mm Between centres: 650 mm Measured over 650 mm: 0.003 mm Roundness accuracy for in-the-air grinding: 0.0004 mm CONNECTION VALUES: Power consumption: max. 8 kVA Permissible voltage variation: –15% / +10% Permissible frequency variation: ±3% Compressed air: 5 bar All technical specifications are given without obligation and subject to errors or omissions.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 50 h, machine/vehicle number: 3018-04, Country of manufacture: Switzerland Voltage: 380/50/3 Net weight: 3100 kg Overall dimensions: 230x155x170 cm Installed power: 13 kVA Customs tariff position: 8460.2920 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MAIN DIMENSIONS Distance between centers: 650 mm Bodew T Sd Topfx Aa Towp Grinding capacity SpW+bs: -80 Stroke: 700 LONGITUDINAL SLIDE Max stroke: SpW+50 mm Minimum automatic feed: 1.5 mm Speed: 50-5500 mm/min Reversal delay: 0-6 sec Maximum table swivel: 12°/10°/8.5°/6° Pneumatic relief for table and workhead CROSS SLIDE Max stroke: 300 mm Rapid traverse: 60 mm Plunge grinding depth in diameter: 3.4 mm Feed 1: 0.012-6 mm/min Feed 2: 0.012-1.2 mm/min Feed per pulse: 0.001-0.05 mm GRINDING WHEEL HEADSTOCK Left-side wheel, external grinding: 400x80x127 mm Drive power: 5.5 kW Peripheral speed: 35 m/s RPM: 1670/2110 min-1 Internal grinding device for belt-driven spindles, including drive unit: 1.5 kW WORKHEAD Swivel range: 0-90° Continuously variable RPM: 30-1000 min-1 Internal taper: Morse 5 Collets: W-25 Drive power: 0.55 kW Maximum workpiece weight between centers: 130 kg Grinding load between centers: 100 Nm TAILSTOCK Internal taper: Morse 3 Quill stroke: 35 mm Fine adjustment for cylindricity correction: ± 40 μm TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS: GUARANTEED WORKING ACCURACY Straightness of the generator over 630 mm: 0.003 mm Roundness during chuck grinding: 0.0003 mm CONNECTION VALUES Maximum absorbed power: 13 kVA Maximum permitted voltage fluctuation: -15%/+10% Maximum permitted frequency variation: ± 3% Required compressed air pressure: 5 bar Unless otherwise stated or in case of error or omission, these technical details are provided without engagement.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 027.0400/067, CNC CYLINDRICAL GRINDER STUDER S-33 CNC Year: 2007 - Fanuc 21i-TB 1 External Grinding Spindle Country of Origin: Switzerland Voltage: 380/50/3 Net machine weight: 4,000 kg TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Distance between centers: 600 mm Center height: 175 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 80 kg Longitudinal Slide Z Max. travel: 800 – 1,150 mm Travel speed: 0.001 to 10,000 mm/min (early 2000’s model: 0.001-5,000 mm/min) Resolution: 0.0001 mm Bjdpfjw T Sh Eox Aa Tswp Cross Slide X Max. travel: 285 mm Travel speed: 0.001 to 20,000 mm/min (early 2000’s model: 0.001-10,000 mm/min) Resolution: 0.0001 mm Wheelhead (universal version) Swiveling range: -15° to 225° (early 2000’s model: -15° to 195°) Swivel axis: 2.5 / 1 ° Hirth Drive power: 7.5 or 9 kW or 11 kW Grinding wheel: 500x63 (80/110F5) x203 mm Workhead Rotational speed: 1 – 1,500 min-1 Mount taper: MT4 or MT5 / ISO 50 Drive power: 1.6 or 3.0 or 4.0 kW Tailstock Mount taper: MT3 or MT4 Quill stroke: 35 / 50 mm (early 2000’s model: 35 mm) Quill diameter: Ø 50 mm Fine adjustment: +/- 40 µm Control system: Fanuc 21i-TB All technical details are provided in good faith but subject to errors or omissions.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, grinding diameter 250 mm grinding length 650 mm centre height 125 mm Maschine wird mit Wartung und neuer Geometrie verkauft Bodpfxsywntyj Aa Tewp Betriebsstunden bisher 12260 Reitstock mit Feinverstellung Schleifspindelstock schwenkbar mit 5° Hirtverzahnung Papierbandfilter Marposs Messeinrichtung Innenschleifeinrichtung

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 200 h, functionality: fully functional, center height: 175 mm, center width: 650 mm, The machine was accepted by Studer and has never been put into operation. Bsdpfx Aoyttcqsa Tswp

Condition: ready for operation (used), Weight: 2.2t, including documentation. Bsdpfx Aajmqly Us Tewp

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 018.0179.90.035, (Please tell us your offer price) Sale only within Europe, incl. Turkey Price without packaging; delivery condition: FCA (machine location) ===== Technical data see handout. All warranty rights are excluded. For the correctness of the technical data and year of construction, for the completeness of accessories and tool equipment, and for compliance with all safety and environmental protection requirements specified in the accident prevention regulations. No sale to private individuals. Sales only within Europe, incl. Turkey Price without packaging; Delivery condition: FCA (machine location) ===== Technical data please see handout in attachment. German text leading language. Without any guaranty and warranty, including completeness of tools & accessories as well as environmental and safety regulations. Bodpfx Aajyh R Uwo Towp No private sales.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Offered is a used high-precision Studer S35 CNC cylindrical grinding machine. Center distance: 1000mm, center height: 175mm, swing diameter max. approx. 350mm, workpiece weight: approx. 80kg, resolution: measuring systems glass scales range 0.0001mm 0.1µm. Inspection by appointment possible. Bwjdpfsykuucox Aa Tep

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, center height: 225 mm, controller model: Fanuc 16T, TECHNICAL DETAILS Centre height: 225 mm Bwodpexlix Defx Aa Tsp MACHINE DETAILS Control: Fanuc 16T

Condition: refurbished (used), Completely overhauled Studer cylindrical grinding machine Bwodjxxy A Tjpfx Aa Tsp Centre distance: 650 mm Technical data and accessories as per photos and PDF.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 2,184 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2407-463, spindle speed (max.): 60,000 rpm, number of spindles: 3, swivel angle B-axis (min.): -90 °, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 15 °, TECHNICAL DETAILS Grinding spindle speeds Spindle 1: 60,000 rpm Spindle 2: 60,000 rpm Spindle 3: 45,000 rpm B-axis swivel range: -90°/+15° MACHINE DETAILS Bodpfx Asxtdfbsa Towp Spindle hours Spindle 1: 11,278 h Spindle 2: 2,184 h Spindle 3: 2,841 h Main counter: 45,144 h EQUIPMENT Touch probe (on 4th spindle position)

Condition: good (used), Cylindrical Grinder STUDER Favorit S35 Bwedpfjrakibex Aa Tep

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 1,550 h, load capacity: 4,000 kg, lifting height: 4,040 mm, free lift: 1,120 mm, load center: 600 mm, fuel type: gas, mast type: duplex, construction height: 3,030 mm, motor manufacturer: Perkins, fork length: 1,400 mm, empty load weight: 7,500 kg, total height: 3,030 mm, total length: 4,100 mm, total width: 2,160 mm, maximum load weight: 4,000 kg, fuel: liquid petroleum gas (LPG), Equipment: cabin, lighting, pallet forks, Linde S40 is in very good condition. Mast with free lift We sell forklifts after a full service. Prepared for the end user. Ready to use. Bjdpfszim Scex Aa Tewp We can arrange transport within Europe and worldwide.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 1,550 h, load capacity: 4,000 kg, lifting height: 4,040 mm, free lift: 1,120 mm, load center: 600 mm, fuel type: gas, mast type: duplex, construction height: 3,030 mm, motor manufacturer: Perkins, fork length: 1,400 mm, empty load weight: 7,500 kg, total height: 3,030 mm, total length: 4,100 mm, total width: 2,160 mm, maximum load weight: 4,000 kg, fuel: liquid petroleum gas (LPG), Equipment: cabin, lighting, pallet forks, Linde S40 is in very good condition. Mast with free lift Bwodpfx Aszhw E Dja Tsp We sell forklifts after a full service. Prepared for the end user. Ready to use. We can arrange transport within Europe and worldwide.

Condition: used, functionality: limited functionality, Year of construction: 2001, operating hours: 7,239 h, load capacity: 4,000 kg, lifting height: 3,550 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 2,780 mm, drive type: Diesel, Sideloading forklift ISO class: ISO class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Standard Bodex Inrdopfx Aa Tswp Condition: Limited operational capability Technical condition: Poor Description: engine starts, no drive, no hydraulics

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 650 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 130 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 500 kg, total height: 2,750 mm, table width: 630 mm, table length: 770 mm, distance table to spindle center: 585 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 4,500 kg, travel distance W-axis: 500 mm, distance between stands: 750 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC JIG GRINDING MACHINE HAUSER S40-400 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Stroke X axis: 650 [mm] Max. Stroke speed X axis: 4000 [mm/min] Working feed X axis: 0 - 1800 [mm/min] Stroke Y axis: 450 [mm] Working feed Y axis: 0 - 1800 [mm/min] Stroke Z axis: 130 [mm] Min. Stroke speed Z axis: 0.5 [mm/min] Max. Stroke speed Z axis: 12000 [mm/min] Stroke frequency Z axis: max. 4 [Hz] Stroke W axis: 500 [mm] Planetary speed C axis: 5 - 250 [rpm] Max. Stroke speed W axis: 800 [mm/min] Stroke U axis (radial feed): 5.5 [mm] Distance between columns: 750 [mm] Table length: 770 [mm] Table width: 630 [mm] Clearance between grinding motor and table: 585 [mm] Max. load on table: 500 [Kg] Supply voltage: 400 [V] Weight: 4550 [Kg] ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : x1 HI-CUT pack including: -work area protection -exhaust system with electrostatic air filter -fire protection system (to be assessed by a qualified body) -HTG-RWS-60 automatic belt filter cooling unit x1 MSS (Multi-Sensoric System) tool detection device x1 CBN dressing unit with HF drive for automatic dressing of CBN grinding wheels (ceramic bond and synthetic resin) x1 T16 grinding turbine - speed: 160,000 rpm - reference: 164225 x1 turbine support with filter for use with T10 and T16 turbines - reference: 166497 x1 60S-TC grinding motor, speed 9000 - 60000 [rpm], for SK20 collets - part number: 208450 x1 intermediate plate for aligning motors and urbines - reference: 192940 x1 centring watch holder for grinding motor rotor - reference: 191790 x15 wheel holder cleats x1 cable for grinding motor Various tools Full documentation Machine visible under power in our premises by appointment. Price on request, loading on truck included. Possibility of shipping Worldwide. Bwjdpfxszdiure Aa Top The information on this page has been obtained by the best of our ability. Therefore, its accuracy can not be guaranteed. The HAUSER S40-400 is a high-precision CNC coordinate grinding machine. This machine excels in tight tolerance environments such as contouring applications in the aerospace, automotive and medical industries. Thanks to its robust design and advanced capabilities, the HAUSER S40-400 is comparable to machines from well-known brands such as Moore. It can be integrated into workshops comprising Mägerle (Magerle), Studer, Moore, Kellenberger, Okamoto, Jones & Shipman, and ELB machines. In addition to its performance, the HAUSER S40-400 integrates perfectly into workshops equipped with lathes, machining centres or CNC milling machines, offering a complete solution for high-precision grinding and machining of complex parts.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 650 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 130 mm, feed rate X-axis: 1 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 1 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 12 m/min, table length: 770 mm, distance table to spindle center: 585 mm, type of input current: three-phase, table load: 500 kg, overall weight: 4,550 kg, travel distance W-axis: 500 mm, distance between stands: 750 mm, clearance between the columns: 750 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC Jig grinder HAUSER S 40 400 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Stroke X axis : 650 [mm] Max. Stroke speed X axis : 4000 [mm/min] Working feed X axis : 0 - 1800 [mm/min] Stroke Y axis : 450 [mm] Working feed Y axis : 0 - 1800 [mm/min] Stroke Z axis : 130 [mm] Min. Stroke speed Z axis : 0.5 [mm/min] Max. Stroke speed Z axis : 12000 [mm/min] Stroke frequency Z axis : max. 4 [Hz] Stroke W axis : 500 [mm] Planetary speed C axis : 5 - 250 [rpm] Max. Stroke speed W axis : 800 [mm/min] Stroke U axis (radial feed) : 5.5 [mm] Distance between columns : 750 [mm] Table length : 770 [mm] Table width : 630 [mm] Clearance between grinding motor and table : 585 [mm] Max. load on table : 500 [Kg] Supply voltage : 400 [V] Weight : 4550 [Kg] EQUIPMENT INCLUDED: x1 HI-CUT pack including: -work area protection -exhaust system with electrostatic air filter -fire protection system (to be assessed by a qualified body) -automatic paper tape filtration unit x1 grinding motor 22 S, speed 4500 - 22500 [rpm], for EX23 collets - part number: 181561 x1 45 S grinding motor, speed 9000 - 4500 [rpm], for EX19 collets - reference: 144017 x1 80 S grinding motor, speed 40000 - 80000 [rpm], for F6 collets - reference: 144021 x1 grinding motor for slot grinding (motor + belt are included) - reference: 144022 x3 grinding tools for slot grinder x1 set of belts for slot grinding motor x1 intermediate plate for alignment of grinding motors - reference: 192940 x1 infinitely adjustable cantilever plate with mounted grinding motor for grinding up to Ø360 [mm] - reference: 144023 x1 adjustable plate, for tilting grinding motors and turbines (up to 16°) - reference: 126148 x1 set of 2 HAUSER 90° angle brackets - reference: 155361 x1 centring microscope - reference: 146318 x1 tool contact detection device - reference: 162334 x20 grinding wheel holders x1 cable for grinding motor Various tools Complete documentation Bwodpfx Aozdfbyoa Tep Machine visible under power in our premises by appointment. Price on request, loading on truck included. Possibility of shipping Worldwide. The information on this page has been obtained by the best of our ability. Therefore, its accuracy can not be guaranteed. The HAUSER S40-400 is a high-precision CNC coordinate grinding machine. This machine excels in tight tolerance environments such as contouring applications in the aerospace, automotive and medical industries. Thanks to its robust design and advanced capabilities, the HAUSER S40-400 is comparable to machines from well-known brands such as Moore. It can be integrated into workshops comprising Mägerle (Magerle), Studer, Moore, Kellenberger, Okamoto, Jones & Shipman, and ELB machines. In addition to its performance, the HAUSER S40-400 integrates perfectly into workshops equipped with lathes, machining centres or CNC milling machines, offering a complete solution for high-precision grinding and machining of complex parts.