Used Zwickroell Tabletop Testing Machines for sale (72,357)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Single-column table-top machine max. testing force 2.5 kN, most modern WINDOWS software (freely programmable test sequences), over 600 finished test results, Machine price WITHOUT clamping device as the final equipment is based on your requirements: included in the price: - Machine in working order - incl. load cell 2,5 kN (grade 05 from 25 - 2500 N / grade 1 from 5 - 25 N - Warranty 24 months - Software LabTest - unsurpassed flexibility, complete software - without clamping tool - without delivery (distance-dependent) - incl. DAkkS (DKD) calibration Optional: - Mechanical clamping device - Hydraulic clamping tool - Bending tools - compression plates - Clip-on extensometer - Probe arm extensometer - Video extensometer - Laser speckle extensometer - Climate chambers - High temperature / hot draft furnaces Godpfocw Ix Sox Akajkb ... just everything that is necessary for mechanical material testing up to the LASER TECH (optical laser speckle strain gauge for non-contact strain measurement of metal, plastic ... Ask also for other sizes. We offer new machines on the quality level of the market leader at prices of used machines.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Max. Test force 100 kN, most modern WINDOWS software (freely programmable test sequences), over 600 finished test results, machine price WITHOUT clamping device - final equipment according to your requirements Included in the price: - machine in working order - incl. load cell 100 kN (grade 05 from 1000 - 100,000 / grade 1 from 200 - 1000 N - warranty 24 months - Software LabTest - unsurpassed flexibility, complete software (!) - without clamping tool - without delivery (distance-dependent) - incl. DAkkS (DKD) calibration Optional: - mechanical clamping device - hydraulic clamping tool - bending tools - compression plates - clip-on extensometer - probe arm extensometer - video extensometer - laser speckle extensometer - climate chambers Gksdpfx Akecxwq Reaob - high temperature furnaces ... just everything that is necessary for mechanical material testing up to the LASER TECH (optical laser speckle strain gauge for non-contact strain measurement of metal, plastic ... Ask also for other sizes. We offer new machines on the quality level of the market leader at prices of used machines.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Max. testing force 50 kN, actual WINDOWS software (free programmable testing procedure) more than 600 ready prepared testing results (demo machine for special price) The machine state is as new. Price of machine is without clamping heads (shown on the photo) because this equipment will be delivered as option according to your requirements. Price includes: - Machine 100 % functional - incl. load cell 50 kN (quality class 0.5 from 500 - 50000 N) - warranty 24 month - software LabTest - unique performance - without clamping heads (as option) - without costs for delivery (depending on distance) - incl. Setup, training and DAkkS calibration Optional: - clamping heads - bending support - compression plates Gkodpeptcmefx Akaeb - extensometer - climatic chamber Even everything for to perform standard test procedures or according to you company requirements up to high performance testing equipment like MICRON LASER SPECKLE (optical Laser Speckle extensometer for non contact measuring of elongation for metal, plastic and other... Please ask for different machines with higher / lower forces, special equipment or applications: We offer new machines with highest quality and best price ratio at fair prices!

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Max. testing force 10 kN, actual WINDOWS software (free programmable testing procedure) more than 600 ready prepared testing results - demo machine for special price The machine state is as new. Price of machine is without clamping heads (shown on the photo) because this equipment will be delivered as option according to your requirements. Price includes: - Machine 100 % functional - incl. load cell 10 kN (quality class 0.5 from 100 - 10000 N) - warranty 24 month - Software LabTest - unsurpassed flexibility, meets and exceeds your expectations - without clamping heads (as option) - without costs for delivery (depending on distance) - incl. setup, training Optional: - clamping heads - bending support - compression plates - extensometer - climatic chamber Even everything for to perform standard test procedures or according to you company requirements up to high performance testing equipment like MICRON LASER SPECKLE (optical Laser Speckle extensometer for non contact measuring of elongation for metal, plastic and other... Please ask for different machines with higher / lower forces, special equipment or applications: We offer new machines with highest quality and best price ratio at fair prices! Photos shows machine with optional equipment! Gkedpfx Akedb Nf Ijaeb

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Complete P20 & P30 HVAC Duct Flange Profile Roll Forming Lines with Butyl Sealant System For sale is a complete set of two professional roll forming lines for the production of P20 and P30 flange profiles, used in the manufacturing of rectangular HVAC ducts and fittings. The set includes: - P20 flange profile production line - P30 flange profile production line Both machines are equipped with an integrated butyl sealant application system. Depending on production requirements, the profiles can be manufactured with or without factory-applied butyl sealant. This provides full flexibility and allows the finished profiles to be adapted to different duct manufacturing technologies and customer requirements. The machines perform the complete production process – from coil decoiling, through multi-stage roll forming, to automatic cutting of the finished profile to the required length. Technical highlights - 18 roll forming stations - Automatic PLC-controlled cutting system - Production speed up to 9 m/min without sealant application - Production speed up to 5 m/min with butyl sealant application - Integrated butyl sealant application system - Complete production lines for P20 and P30 profiles Both machines are in very good technical condition. Since new, they have been used exclusively for the production needs of our own HVAC duct manufacturing facility. They have not been used for continuous mass production of profiles for commercial sale, therefore their overall level of utilisation is relatively low. Both production lines are fully operational, properly adjusted, tested and ready for immediate production. The machines are offered as a complete P20 + P30 set, allowing the buyer to establish in-house production of the two main flange profile sizes commonly used in the manufacturing of rectangular HVAC ducts and fittings. Relocation and commissioning support Gedpfxszx Rz Hs Akaekb We can provide technical assistance with dismantling and relocation of the machines. We can also support the buyer with installation, adjustment, testing and commissioning at the new production facility, helping to ensure that both lines are properly set up and ready for production after relocation. The machines can be inspected while in operation, and production tests can be carried out prior to purchase. The indicated price is NET and VAT will be added where applicable.

Condition: ready for operation (used), The Klingelnberg PSR 500 U worm gear testing machine was designed as a universal machine for the flexible testing of worm gears and is used by manufacturers of gear and transmission technologies for the single-flanking rolling test process for worm gear sets (EFWP). Technical data: Max. worm gear diameter: 500 mm Max. spindle length: 500 mm Max. spindle diameter: 200 mm Center distance: 0 ... 400 mm Max. measuring speed: 60 rpm Braking torque: 2.5 Nm Max. worm gear weight: 150 kg Max. spindle weight: 50 kg Table diameter: 300 mm Gksdezxghvepfx Akajb Machine weight: 800 kg Dimensions: 1500 x 1500 x 1600 mm The following parameters can be measured here: • Flank deviations Fi', fi', fl', fk' • Flank clearance, runout, roundness (option) • Contact pattern with digital camera • Pitch deviation • FFT analysis, spectrum *Image shows the machine in its current condition as a retrofit/modernized unit. *Further information about the machine is available upon request.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), QUASAR 1200 kN tensile testing machine / universal testing machine most modern WINDOWS software (freely programmable test procedures), over 600 finished test results, machine price WITHOUT clamping device - final equipment according to your requirements Included in the price: - Machine in working order - incl. load cell 1200 kN (grade 05 from 1000 - 100,000 / grade 1 from 200 - 1000 N - Warranty 24 months - Software LabTest - unsurpassed flexibility, complete software (!) - without clamping tool - without delivery (distance-dependent) - incl. DAkkS (DKD) calibration Optional: - Mechanical clamping device - Hydraulic clamping tool - Bending tools - comression plates - Clip-on extensometer - Probe arm extensometer Godpfx Akjdb Ndceaekb - Video extensometer - Laser speckle extensometer - Climate chambers - High temperature furnaces ... just everything that is necessary for mechanical material testing up to the LASER TECH (optical laser speckle strain gauge for non-contact strain measurement of metal, plastic ... Ask also for other sizes. We offer new machines on the quality level of the market leader at prices of used machines.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, 1 Universal Testing Machine Type H 10 KM Used device with Windows 11 software for tensile, compression, and bending tests; comes with one pair of wedge grips up to 10 kN and a certificate for tensile and compression displacement measurement. For testing in tension, compression, shear, bending, etc. • This is a dual-spindle benchtop model. • The machine complies with DIN 51220 and 51221, Class 1. • Digital display for force and displacement, 4½ digits, with peak value memory. • Five-range automatic switching for force and displacement measurements. • Digital speed adjustment from 0.5 to 1000 mm/min in increments of 0.1 mm. • Break detector and automatic return function are standard features. • Driven by a precision servo motor with high-frequency chopper control unit and digital feedback for load-independent, constant speed. • Quiet operation thanks to toothed belt drive and ball screw spindles with bellows cover. • Fully computer-controllable via RS 232 interface. Gedoxghlfspfx Akaekb Max. load: 10 kN in tension and compression Max. travel: 1150 mm without grips Force measurement: Strain gauge Measurement principle: Temperature-compensated Displacement measurement: Built-in optical encoder, 0.01 mm resolution Power supply: 220-250 V, 50-60 Hz Power consumption: 1.0 kW Dimensions: Height 1575 mm, Width 635 mm Clear width of frame: 410 mm Weight: approx. 95 kg Includes: 10 kN load cell and certificate for force and displacement.

Condition: used, Zwick / Roell Type: LTM10 Maximum testing frequency: 100 Hz, depending on the amplitude Dynamic testing force in tension/compression: 10 kN Static testing force in tension/compression: 7 kN Piston stroke: 60 mm Positioning and repeatability accuracy: +/- 2 µm Godozh D R Hspfx Akaskb Speed range: 1 mm/min - 1 m/s Testing space height without force sensor: 1170 mm Weight with linear motor: 1065 kg (without control unit) Maintenance: according to maintenance instructions, partially performed by Zwick/Roell Accessories: Screw chucks, software (TestXpert research) Connection: 400V 50/60 Hz 32A 3Ph/PE Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Haida Type: HD-B604-S Sensor: TECSIS load cell Max. capacity: 2T / 20 kN Unit: G, kg, N, LB (adjustable) Resolution: 1/250,000 Accuracy: ± 0.5% Max. stroke: 700 mm (without fixture) Test speed: 0.1-500 mm/min (adjustable) Voltage: 220V AC ± 10%, 50/60Hz Gedpfozgr Eiox Akaekb Chuck range: 0-7 mm Weight: approx. 175 kg Dimensions (W x D x H): 88 x 50.5 x 150 cm Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Universal Testing Machine PM50 Force: 50 kN Crosshead travel: 1200 mm Installation space: 400 mm Overall height: 1817 mm Weight: approx. 380 kg Resolution: 0.01 mm Testing speed: 0.03-1000 mm/min Return speed: 1000 mm/min Load cell: 50 kN Includes evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode using a numeric keypad, allowing for a "quick test" even without a PC. For tests that require data storage and recording of the curve, we offer the basic software, which allows you to control and evaluate the test. This enables you to generate various test sequences and create a test report. Furthermore, you have the option to process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery and commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 Gkedped R Dp Eofx Akaeb - Clamping devices: Pressure plates, bending devices, shear devices, wedge clamps, scissor clamps, peeling clamps, screw clamps, pneumatic clamps, and hydraulic clamps.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Universal testing machine PM5 Force: 5 kN Crosshead travel: 520 mm Working space depth: 66 mm Overall height: 1036 mm Weight: approx. 48 kg Resolution: 0.01 mm Testing speed: 1-500 mm/min Return speed: 700 mm/min Force sensor: 5 kN Includes evaluation electronics and basic software. Gkoded R Dqbspfx Akasb Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for a "quick test" even without a PC. For tests that require data storage and recording of the curve, we offer the option to control and evaluate the test using the basic software. This allows you to generate various test sequences and create a test report. Furthermore, you have the option to process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery and commissioning - DAkkS or manufacturer calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Clamping devices: Pressure plates, bending jigs, shear jigs, wedge clamps, scissor clamps, peeling clamps, screw clamps, pneumatic clamps, and hydraulic clamps.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Max. testing force 5 kN, actual WINDOWS software (free programmable testing procedure) more than 600 ready prepared testing results - demo machine for special price The machine state is as new. Price of machine is without clamping heads (shown on the photo) because this equipment will be delivered as option according to your requirements. Gkodsdb Nfpopfx Akajb Price includes: - Machine 100 % functional - incl. load cell 5 kN (quality class 0.5 from 50 - 5000 N) - warranty 24 month - software Graphwork 6 (actual) - without clamping heads (as option) - without costs for delivery (depending on distance) - incl. setup, training Optional: - clamping heads - bending support - compression plates - extensometer - climatic chamber Even everything for to perform standard test procedures or according to you company requirements up to high performance testing equipment like MICRON LASER SPECKLE (optical Laser Speckle extensometer for non contact measuring of elongation for metal, plastic and other... Please ask for different machines with higher / lower forces, special equipment or applications: We offer new machines with highest quality and best price ratio at fair prices! Photos shows machine with optional equipment!

Condition: used, Type: POWER SWING 20 kN Sincotec Resonance Testing System Power Swing 20 kN Manufacturer Service Performed General Information: For sale is a used resonance testing system Power Swing 20 kN from Sincotec Test Systems GmbH. The test bench was operated in single-shift use, with all maintenance carried out regularly by the manufacturer. Key Features: - Robust design for continuous operation - Precise resonance testing up to 20 kN - Manufacturer maintenance included - Ideal for research, testing, and development applications Technical Data – Test Bench Feature / Value - Overall height of test bench: 1215 mm (without clamping device) - Width of test bench: 2005 mm - Depth of test bench: 1205 mm - Maximum force amplitude: 10 kN - Maximum total force: ±20 kN - Measurement transducer accuracy: min. Class 1 (according to DIN EN 10002-3) Technical Data – Control Cabinet Feature / Value - Overall height of control cabinet: approx. 1800 mm - Table top height: 1080 mm - Width of control cabinet: 650 mm (narrow table top) / 1450 mm (wide table top) - Depth of control cabinet: 700 mm (narrow table top) / 800 mm (wide table top) - Weight: 152 kg (small table top) 187 kg (large table top); with granite plate: 247 kg Site Requirements Feature / Value - Required space: 4.3 × 3.0 m - Required ceiling height: 2.5 m - Floor load capacity: 234 N/cm² Power Requirements Feature / Value - Voltage: 400 V three-phase AC with neutral and protective earth - Phase rotation: clockwise sequence - Voltage fluctuation: ≤ ±10 % - Short voltage dips: < 20 ms - Limits for continuous interference: interference class A according to VDE 0871 - Frequency: 50 Hz ± 1 % - Protective earth / ground resistance: < 0.3 Ω Connection and Fusing Feature / Value - Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz (clockwise phase sequence) - Connector: CEE plug, 5-pin, 16 A - Fuse rating: 16 A Godpfx Aozii A Djkaokb Test bench weight: approx. 3.6 t Max. weight of clamping device: 250 kg Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see image) (Subject to changes and errors in technical specifications!) Further questions can be answered by phone.

Condition: excellent (used), max. wheel diameter 5 - 630 mm Gkodpfx Asyyqtzskasb gear width 500 mm max. module 20 min. module 0,5 workpiece weight 350 kg Control IBH Macro max. workpiece diameter 630 mm clamping length 1050 mm total power requirement 1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,0 x 0,7 x 2,4 m Spur gear software for internal and external gearing Profile inspection standard crowning head - root relief K - profile Direction test standard crowning head - root relief K - profile graduation test Axis position correction for on-the-fly measurements up to 0.2 mm axis position error Snail software 3 carriers for gears, 1 carrier block, calibration device, Windows 7

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, Universal Testing Machine PM3 Force: 3 kN Crosshead travel: 520 mm Working space depth: 66 mm Overall height: 1036 mm Weight: approx. 40 kg Stroke resolution: 0.01 mm Testing speed: 1-500 mm/min Gksdpfx Akofdzupjasb Cc7d2rmq Return speed: 700 mm/min Force sensor: 3 kN Includes evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for a "quick test" even without a PC. For tests that require data storage and recording of the curve profile, we offer you the option of control and evaluation with the basic software. This enables you to generate different test sequences and create a test report. Furthermore, you have the option of further processing the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery and commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Clamping devices: Pressure plates, bending fixtures, shear fixtures, wedge clamps, scissor clamps, peeling clamps, screw clamps, pneumatic clamps and hydraulic clamps.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Universal testing machine PM10 (10 kN) – Complete system including software For sale is a versatile universal testing machine PM10 with a maximum testing force of 10 kN. The system is characterized by its flexibility and efficient stand-alone operation. The machine is ready for use, including evaluation electronics and basic software for comprehensive data analysis. Technical data & performance features • Maximum testing force: 10 kN (including matching load cell) • Crosshead travel: 700 mm • Testing space / installation space: 400 mm • Testing speed: 1 – 500 mm/min • Return speed: 700 mm/min • Path resolution: 0.01 mm • Overall height: 1,230 mm • Weight: approx. 85 kg Highlights & operation • Flexible stand-alone operation: Quick tests can be performed directly on the machine via a numeric keypad, completely without a PC. • Powerful basic software: Machine control, recording of curves, and detailed data storage when connected to a PC. • Open data interface: Easy export of raw data for further processing in your own programs (e.g., Excel). Scope of supply • Universal testing machine PM10 • Load cell 10 kN • Integrated evaluation electronics • Basic software for control and evaluation Optional services & accessories (upon request) • Service: Delivery, professional installation, and commissioning on site • Certification: DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 • Extensive range of clamping devices: Pressure plates, bending and shear devices, wedge and scissor clamps, peeling and screw clamps, as well as pneumatic or hydraulic clamping devices. Gjdpfxjyc U Uge Akaekb The machine is available immediately. Please contact us for an individual offer including the appropriate accessories for your testing requirements!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1975, max. wheel diameter 160 - 1.600 mm gear width 250 mm max. module 20 min. module 1,5 Gksdpfx Akjt Hwptjajb total power requirement 1 kW weight of the machine ca. 3 t dimensions of the machine ca. m

Year of construction: 2026, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Universal Testing Machine PM5 Force: 5 kN Traverse Travel: 520 mm Working Depth: 66 mm Overall Height: 1036 mm Weight: approx. 48 kg Position Resolution: 0.01 mm Test Speed: 1–500 mm/min Return Speed: 700 mm/min Load Cell: 5 kN Incl. evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, enabling “quick tests” without the need for a PC. For testing procedures requiring data storage and curve recording, our basic software provides both control and evaluation functions. This allows you to generate different test sequences and create a test report. In addition, raw data can be further processed in your own software. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning Gksdpoydanhofx Akajb - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear devices, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, max. wheel diameter 2500 mm gear width 0 mm max. module 34 Gkedpfxot Hw Aae Akaeb min. module 1 total power requirement ca. 15 kW weight of the machine ca. 15 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,20 x 2,00 x 2,90 m Extra große ZR-Prüfmaschine, Gegenhalter

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, max. wheel diameter 400 mm gear width NA mm max. module 5 min. module total power requirement kW Gksdpfx Aket Hw Ebeaob weight of the machine ca. t dimensions of the machine ca. m Manual Two Flank Gear Tester

Year of construction: 2024, condition: new, Universal testing machine H50TMCI / 900 Watt Gkjdpfjiq Hxcsx Akajb Mechanical design: in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1) 2 backlash-free ball screws, drive via AC servomotor, Fmax = 50 kN, stiffness 65 kN/mm 1 working area up to nominal load: Working area width: 510 mm (optional widening: +240mm / +530mm) Max. test stroke without testing tools, adapters and load cells: 1095 mm (optional extensions: +250mm / +500mm) Optional: Conversion to a benchtop model, required additional component: base table Travel speeds: Test speed 0.001 - 800 mm/min at full load Return speed 800 mm/min Force measurement: Measuring range: in the range of 0.4 - 100 % of the nominal load, class 1 (optional class 0.5) (+/- 1 % of the displayed value in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Resolution of the force measurement: +/-180,000 digits with a 20ms integration time The machine is supplied with a factory test certificate. If a factory or DKD calibration is to be performed at the customer's location upon request, this additional effort must be calculated separately. Crosshead travel measurement: Incremental square-wave input with encoder monitoring, storage of the crosshead position Resolution of the crosshead travel measurement:

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, max. wheel diameter 400 mm workpiece dia. 36-300/400 mm axis distance 135-290 mm spindle turning speed - stepless 3000 1/min dist. between centers 100-550 mm Control Siemens 840D weight of the machine ca. 4000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2000x3055x2788 mm Test method: - Single flank rolling test - Double flank rolling test - Structure-borne noise test - Heli testing in two-flank contact. Features: - Use of up to 6 test slides - Highest testing accuracy and repeatability - Machine table with workpiece drive - Swiveling pneumatic unit - Spray oil lubrication (type: Vogel) - Oil mist extraction (type: Elbaron) Gkedpey D T Suefx Akaeb

Condition: good (used), weight of the machine ca. 5,5 t Gsdozidz Uopfx Akaskb Table tip diameter: 35 mm Tip height above table: 75 mm Counterholder tip diameter: 50 mm Counterholder tip stroke: 40 mm Minimum center-to-center distance: 20 mm Minimum measuring height above table: 50 mm Maximum measuring height above table: 550 mm Table diameter: 260 mm Base circle diameter: 0–630 mm Maximum rolling path: ±115 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 300 kg X-axis: 230 mm Y-axis: 370 mm Z-axis: 500 mm Max. workpiece diameter: 630 mm Software for new PCs: Windows 11 Bevel gear software, if desired, available only on Metrotek installations Additional information: - Machine calibrated according to DAKKS on November 19, 2017

Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 5 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, Universal testing machine H5TMCI 250mm Extended mechanical structure: 2 backlash-free recirculating ball screws, drive via AC servo motor, Fmax = 5 kN, stiffness 10 kN/mm Gkjdpfxemdpafs Akajb 1 working area up to nominal load: working chamber width: 420 mm (optional extensions: +190mm / +330mm / +620mm) max. test stroke without test tools, adapters and KMZ: 1025 mm (optional extensions: +250mm / +500mm) Optional: conversion to floor model, required additional assembly: substructure table Travel speeds: Test speed 0.001 - 2000 mm/min at full load Return speed 2000 mm/min Force measurement: Measuring range: in the range 0.4 - 100 % of the nominal load class 1 (optionally class 0.5) (+/- 1 % of the displayed value according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1) Resolution of force measurement: +/-180,000 digits at 20ms integration time The machine is delivered with a factory test certificate. If, at the customer's request, a factory or DKD calibration is to be carried out at the installation site, this expense must be invoiced separately. Crosshead travel measurement: Incremental rectangular input with encoder monitoring, storage of crosshead position. Resolution of the crosshead travel measurement: