Used Kasto Alternativ Saw for sale (5,736)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, Technical details: weight of the machine ca.: 1750 kg sawing motor: 2,2 kW total power requirement: 5 kW cutting speed: 17 - 90 m/min cutting diameter: 320 mm cutting range max.: 320 x 320 mm saw band length: 4.930 x 34 x 1,1 mm feed length: max 9x 600 mm dimensions of the machine ca.: 2,6 x 2,4 x 1,40 m Fsdpfx Aovpt Eyedrepk Bandsaw automatic, straight cut, min. cutting diameter 10mm, min. cutting length 6mm, min. offcut 15mm (automatic 80mm), max. weight of material 400kg/m, coolant box 60l, pump 16l/min, clamping pressure 20-60bar, dimensions: chipconveyor 2.400x 950mm roller track 2.200 x 950mm, 5pcs. saws (new) 4.930 x 34 x 1,1mm operating manual, *

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: unexamined, 1 used mitre band saw Manufacturer: Kasto Model: SBL 400 G Year of manufacture: 2002 Technical data: Length: 2491 mm Width: 1240 mm Height: 1369 mm (bow down), 2109 mm (bow up) Minimum cutting length: 6 mm Shortest remnant length: 35 mm Total weight approx.: 920 kg Total drive power approx.: 3.5 kW Mitre adjustment: 0-60° Cutting speed: 32/64 m/min Cutting feed: hydraulically controlled, discharge regulated Material clamping: manual Fpodpewuqbbjfx Adrsk Saw band dimensions: 5090 x 34 x 1.1 mm Saw band guide: carbide, replaceable Saw band tension: mechanical via tensioning cross Saw band cleaning: via easily replaceable wire brush, driven proportionally to the main drive Coolant: supply through a coolant nozzle, tank volume approx. 50 l, pump capacity approx. 16 l/min Cutting ranges in mm approx.: Mitre angle 0° (90°) / 45° / 60° Round: 400 / 320 / 240 Square: 320 x 320 / 320 x 320 / 220 x 220 Flat (W x H): 400 x 320 / 210 x 320

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Manufacturer: KASTO Type: KASTOtec A4 Year of construction: 2001 Specifications: Metric Metric US Standard Sawing capacity round 90 430 Sawing capacity flat 90 430 x 430 mm Feed range 0 - 600 mm Multi-feed range 0 - 9999 mm Min, saw length 35 mm Max. Sawing speed 12 - 120 Saw blade dimensions 6830 x 41 x 1.3 mm Saw power 7.5 kW Dimensions (estimate) length 4800 mm Fodju R R Avjpfx Adrepk width 2200 mm Height 2200 mm weight 5200 kg Please note: The information on this page is given in good faith and to the best of our knowledge, and where possible, has been obtained from the manufacturer, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, it does not constitute a representation or contract and we recommend that you check all relevant details.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Frietsch SAWMILL MACHINERY Purchase and sale of KASTO sawing machines Dear Sir or Madam, Fpjdpfxsgwaf Ds Adrsk We buy, sell, overhaul, and refurbish KASTO sawing machines. For over 40 years, we have experience with KASTO sawing machines and have specialized in overhauling these machines. We can also handle KASTO controls! The machines are overhauled by qualified personnel according to KASTO factory standards. We also source KASTO sawing machines according to your requirements for machine overhauls. Excellent price-performance ratio through professional machine overhauls. Technical data KASTOtwin AE 3 Dimensions of standard machine Length 2,345 mm Width 2,240 mm Height max. 1,835 mm Total weight approx. 2,500 kg Total drive power 7.0 kW Drive power, sawing motor, frequency-controlled 4.0 kW Cutting range in mm approx.: Cutting range Ø 320 mm Cutting range, flat (W x H) 320 x 320 mm Smallest dimension, round Ø 10 mm Square, H x W 10 mm Material feed length, single max. 750 mm Multiple feed 9,999 mm Shortest section length 6 mm Smallest diameter to be sawn 10 mm Minimum remaining piece in single cut 15 mm Shortest remaining piece length in automatic operation 100 mm Cutting speed, stepless 20 - 100 m/min Saw band dimensions Material support height 700 mm Cutting feed: stepless adjustment Material feed, ball screw Band tension Control system CompactControl Chip pressure regulation 20 to 60 bar Band slippage monitoring Coolant system

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: 113307651086088, functionality: fully functional, cutting height (max.): 260 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, total length: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, saw band length: 4,115 mm, saw band width: 38 mm, The Kasto SSB 260 VA is a fully automatic bandsaw machine designed for precise serial cuts of solid material, pipes, and profiles. It stands out for its compact design and high cutting accuracy. The machine features hydraulic workpiece clamping, automatic feed, and a coolant system. Additionally, a chip conveyor is integrated to increase efficiency. Cutting range round: 10 – 260 mm Cutting range square: 260 x 260 mm Smallest cut-off length: 5 mm Single feed: 600 mm Fpedswqw Tvjpfx Adrek Multiple feed: max. 5,400 mm Cutting speed: 15 – 125 m/min (stepless) Saw blade dimensions: 4,115 x 38 x 1.3 mm Drive power: 4 / 6.5 kW Machine weight: 2,110 kg Machine dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2,160 x 2,080 x 2,015 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, machine/vehicle number: 6459103320, functionality: fully functional, Technical Data KASTOtwin A 2 Dimensions of standard machine Length: 1,755 mm Width: 2,475 mm Height: 1,570 mm Total weight approx. 1,700 kg Total drive power: 5.0 kW Cutting range in mm approx.: Cutting range Ø 260 mm Cutting range, flat (W x H): 260 x 260 mm Smallest round dimension Ø 10 mm Square, H x W: 10 mm Single feed length max. 750 mm Multiple feed: 9,999 mm Shortest cut length: 6 mm Smallest diameter to be cut: 10 mm Minimum remnant per single cut: 15 mm Shortest remnant length in automatic operation: 100 mm Fsdpfx Adotiwz Ierepk Cutting speed, infinitely variable: 20 - 100 m/min Saw band dimensions: 4,530 x 34 x 1.1 mm Material support height: 700 mm Cutting feed: infinitely adjustable Material feed: ball screw spindle Band tension: hydraulic

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 3515 104 114, saw blade diameter: 350 mm, cutting range round steel at 45°: 100 mm, cutting range round steel at 90°: 100 mm, total length: 800 mm, total width: 1,250 mm, overall weight: 350 kg, cutting range square steel at 90°: 90 mm, The KASTOdisc U 10 is a robust semi-automatic vertical cold circular saw, suitable for precise metal cutting in workshops and medium series. Featuring two speeds and an adjustable feeder, it offers flexibility and high-quality cuts, while the pneumatic clamp stabilizes the material. Fsdpfewxcuzjx Adrjpk

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1991, functionality: fully functional, total height: 2,000 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, saw band length: 4,115 mm, saw band width: 41 mm, Fully hydraulic high-performance bandsaw in heavy-duty construction, featuring a horizontally parallel-moving saw band, designed for cutting profiles, tubes, and solid material of all qualities, including extremely difficult-to-machine materials (such as titanium, Inconel, Hastelloy). Suitable for use with bi-metal and carbide-tipped saw bands. Saw unit manufactured in solid polymer concrete, ensuring maximum running smoothness and extended saw blade service life. The saw unit is guided via a vertical and a round-column guide (double-column guide), with hardened and ground guide rails. Hydraulic saw band tensioning and hydraulically preloaded carbide saw band guides. Material clamping is achieved via two hydraulic vises. The machine operation is user-friendly. Cutting length can be set using a hand wheel, with a resolution of 0.1 mm. Piece count is set via a piece counter; upon reaching the set quantity, the machine switches off automatically. Material feed is executed by a feed cylinder, ensuring the highest cutting accuracy. The machines are easy to operate and work fully automatically. Model: SSB 260 VA Cutting capacity: 260 mm x 260 mm (Ø 260 mm) Technical Data: Bandsaw KASTO Fpedpfxoxc D Ege Adrok Bandsaw Automatic Machine Machine Type: SSB 260 VA Technical Data: 2-column guided Year of manufacture: 1991 Cutting range: 260 x 260 mm Drive power, saw gearbox: 4 kW Drive power, auxiliary units: 6.5 kW Cutting speed: 15-125 m/min Saw feed hydraulics: Infinitely adjustable Saw blade dimensions: 4115 x 41 x 1.1 mm Feed length: 600 mm Maximum feed (multiple feed): 5400 mm Material support height: 850 mm Machine dimensions: Length/Width: 1690 x 1900 mm Height: 2030 mm Machine weight: 2100 kg Accessories: - Chip conveyor - Coolant system - Multiple feed - Side guide rollers - Machine roller conveyor - Adjustable side guide rollers - Prepared for bundle clamping device - Multiple feed counter

Condition: used, max. diameter: 400 Fodsih N Shjpfx Adrjpk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6153102135, Used semi-automatic swivelling frame band saw, KASTOmicut U2.6, MFG: 2023, serial number: 6153102135, excellent condition, very little used, it is delivered with the roller from the pictures Fpodpfx Adjvyl Dvjrsk Universal, semi-automatic band sawing machine of very robust construction, designed for the rough use in workshops and capable to perform any cutting-to-length or miter cutting tasks (-45°/+60°) in the case of tubes, profiles and solid material. The infinitely adjustable cutting speed and the infinitely adjustable fully hydraulic cutting feed allow a sensitive and blade-saving cutting. Technical Data Cutting range 90° round: 260 mm Cutting range 90° flat (W x H): 310 x 260 mm Dimensions (L x W): 760 x 1620 mm Height, saw head lowered position: 1690 mm Height, saw head in highest position: 2040 mm Material support height: 950 mm Total weight: 510 kg Performance characteristics Total power: 2.0 kW Saw motor, power – frequency controlled: 1.5 kW Cutting speed infinitely variable – frequency controlled min 20 – 110 m/min Dimensions of saw blade: 3180 x 27 x 0.9 mm Saw blade guides: lateral guiding rollers and back slide bearings, interchangeable Material clamping: mechanical Cutting feed: hydraulic, infinitely variable Saw blade tension: mechanical Saw blade cleaning: by synchronously running, easy to interchange brush Electrical equipment: in accordance with DIN EN 60204. Supply voltage 440 Volt, 60 Hz. Control voltage 24 Volt Working Cycle (Semi-Automatic) Infinitely variable and fully hydraulic saw feed control Rotary table serving as material support Horizontal vice with quick adjustment and hydraulic short stroke Infinitely variable cutting speed 20 – 110 m/min via frequency regulated drive Coolant system with two coolant nozzles Automatic switch-off after end of cut and return stroke of the saw head by approx. 100 mm Infinitely variable mitre adjustment (-45° to + 60°) Infinitely variable saw blade arm adjustment Electrical protection of the saw blade covers (accident prevention rules) Synchronously running chip removal brush Glue anchors to dowel the machine Bi-metal saw blade, 4 - 6 teeth per inch Operating instructions manual according to the EU Machinery Directive and EN 82079 Price: 15.428 Euro + VAT, negotiable , FCA Oradea/Romania Irrtum, Anderungen und Zwischenverkauf vorbehalten / Subject to errors, changes and prior sale / Ne rezervăm dreptul la greșeli, modificări și vânzare prealabila. We speak English. /Wir sprechen Deutsch./ Beszélünk magyarul. /Nous parlons français/Vorbim romana

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Used semi-automatic swivelling frame band saw, KASTOmicut U2.6, MFG: 2023, serial number: 6153102136, excellent condition, very little used, it will be delivered with the two rollers from the pictures. Universal, semi-automatic band sawing machine of very robust construction, designed for the rough use in workshops and capable to perform any cutting-to-length or miter cutting tasks (-45°/+60°) in the case of tubes, profiles and solid material. The infinitely adjustable cutting speed and the infinitely adjustable fully hydraulic cutting feed allow a sensitive and blade-saving cutting. Technical Data Cutting range 90° round: 260 mm Cutting range 90° flat (W x H): 310 x 260 mm Dimensions (L x W): 760 x 1620 mm Height, saw head lowered position: 1690 mm Height, saw head in highest position: 2040 mm Material support height: 950 mm Total weight: 510 kg Fsdpfevyl Ihox Adrepk Performance characteristics Total power: 2.0 kW Saw motor, power – frequency controlled: 1.5 kW Cutting speed infinitely variable – frequency controlled min 20 – 110 m/min Dimensions of saw blade: 3180 x 27 x 0.9 mm Saw blade guides: lateral guiding rollers and back slide bearings, interchangeable Material clamping: mechanical Cutting feed: hydraulic, infinitely variable Saw blade tension: mechanical Saw blade cleaning: by synchronously running, easy to interchange brush Electrical equipment: in accordance with DIN EN 60204. Supply voltage 440 Volt, 60 Hz. Control voltage 24 Volt, DC. Upon request other voltages at additional cost. Working Cycle (Semi-Automatic) Infinitely variable and fully hydraulic saw feed control Rotary table serving as material support Horizontal vice with quick adjustment and hydraulic short stroke Infinitely variable cutting speed 20 – 110 m/min via frequency regulated drive Coolant system with two coolant nozzles Automatic switch-off after end of cut and return stroke of the saw head by approx. 100 mm Infinitely variable mitre adjustment (-45° to + 60°) Infinitely variable saw blade arm adjustment Electrical protection of the saw blade covers (accident prevention rules) Synchronously running chip removal brush Glue anchors to dowel the machine Bi-metal saw blade, 4 - 6 teeth per inch Operating instructions manual according to the EU Machinery Directive and EN 82079 Price: 16.456 Euro + VAT, negotiable , FCA Oradea/Romania Irrtum, Anderungen und Zwischenverkauf vorbehalten / Subject to errors, changes and prior sale / Ne rezervăm dreptul la greșeli, modificări și vânzare prealabila. We speak English. /Wir sprechen Deutsch./ Beszélünk magyarul. /Nous parlons français/Vorbim romana

Condition: used, Vesto saw with two discs for sale - electric motor: 2 x 7.5 kW, - complete with hydrostation, - electrical cabinet. Fpodpfxetqt T Io Adrok

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 102-014-3150, disk of circular saw-Ø: 400 mm cutting area at 90° round: 130 mm cutting area at 90° square: 210 x 80 mm Fsdpfx Ajdbp Eqedropk cutting area in mitre at 45° round: 130 mm cutting area in mitre at 45° square: 160 x 80 mm cutting speed: 11/22 m/min space needed: 2650 x 1450 x 1980 mm weight: ca. 1100 kg

Condition: used, KASTO PKS130 horizontal semi-automatic bandsaw. Fpedpfx Aoy E Nkijdrjk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1985, range L-W-H 400x300x200 mm saw diameter 420 mm weight of the machine ca. 3500 kg Producer: KASTO Fsdpfevf N Suex Adrepk Type: HBA 420U Year of manufacture: 1985 Dimensions (width x height x depth): approx. 400x200x300 cm At7Zcq Fully automatic NC horizontal bandsaw 1 chip conveyor, 1 external chip conveyor, 1 person. driven roller conveyor approx. 450 cm.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 102 039 1024 07265, cutting area at 90° round: 245 mm cutting area at 90° flat: 220 x 240 mm cutting area in mitre at 45°: 150 mm saw blade measures: 400 x 31 x 2 mm stroke speeds: 55 - 155 /min electrical connection: 380 V, 1,1 kW space needed: 1200 x 650 x 1250 mm Fodpfscd Tmyox Adrjpk weight: 340 kg

Year of construction: 1988, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 103.071.3156.78192, disk of circular saw-Ø: 400 u. 425 mm cutting area at 90° round: 130 mm cutting area at 90° square: 120 x 120 mm cutting area in mitre at 45° round: 130 mm cutting area in mitre at 45° square: 110 x 110 mm cutting speeds: 11 u. 22 m/min forward feed speeds: 670 mm/min Fpedez N Amspfx Adrsk cutting length: m. automat. Vorschub bis 1200 mm electrical connection: 380 V, ca. 4 kVA V sawing drive: 1,6/2,5 kW space needed: 1800 x 3800 x 2000 mm weight: ca. 1800 kg

Condition: good (used), Bow Saw KASTO PSB 260 AU Cutting ranges: Fpedpfx Adjx Ecthorsk Round bars: 260 mm Square bars: 240 x 240 mm Rectangular bars: 260 x 185 mm Cutting length: up to 750 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 2,920 kg, controller model: Siemens Simatic HMI, cutting diameter: 320 mm, cutting speed: 1,30,000 mm/min, saw band length: 6,300 mm, The machine was overhauled by Kasto in 2016! TECHNICAL DETAILS Cutting diameter: 320 mm Saw band length: 6,300 mm Cutting range: 420 x 320 mm Cutting speed: 20 – 130 m/min Material support height: 950 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control: Siemens Simatic HMI Total power requirement: 15 kW Dimensions & Weight Space requirement: approx. 6.35 x 6.76 x 2.41 m Machine weight: approx. 2,920 kg Fedpsywhdfsfx Adrjpk Pneumatic connection: 6 bar Coolant: 75 l Pump capacity: 40 l/min EQUIPMENT Infinitely variable feed rate Roller conveyor Chip conveyor Technical documentation The machine is supplied without robot and loading system. The machine must be reprogrammed by the customer for stand-alone operation.

Condition: used, Heavy Duty Powered Roller Conveyor KASTO with Steel Support Rollers Straight roller conveyor section with highly robust steel support rollers Roller conveyor length: 2000 mm Usable width (roller width): 500 mm Conveyor height: 880 - 930 mm Number of rollers: 7 pieces Roller spacing: 4x 295 mm, 2x 390 mm (center-to-center) Roller diameter: Ø 100 mm Transport speed level 1: 3 meters/min Transport speed level 2: 13 meters/min Motor power: 0.17 / 0.7 kW Fodpju Uwygefx Adropk Electrical connection: 400 Volt, 50 Hz - Reversible operation (right and left) - 2 transport speeds via drive motor with 2 speeds - All rollers driven, chain drive - Drive via FLENDER HIMMEL geared motor - Geared motor with brake - 1 adjustable-height support foot via slotted holes - Very robust and heavy design with ball-bearing steel rollers - Metal base frame, frame length 2230 mm Required space (L x W x H): 2650 x 870 x 900 mm Net weight: 580 kg Good condition

Condition: used, Hydraulic bandsaw, metal cutting saw, power hacksaw KASTO Type PSB WBS 210 / 230 Fsdpjifu Ayofx Adrspk Machine No. 115 106 1212 / 72783 Year of manufacture 1986 Cutting range - Round Ø 250 mm Cutting range - Square 225 x 225 mm Cutting range - Rectangle 260 x 100 mm Cutting speed 11 - 13 - 17 - 22 - 26 - 34 m/min Saw blade length 400 mm Motor power 1.4 and 1.8 kW, pole-changing Power connection 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Only for 90° cuts, no miter adjustment - Saw motor with 2 speeds and 3 V-belt stages - Hydraulic saw blade feed - Hydraulic cutting pressure adjustment via throttle valve - Rapid traverse for lowering the saw blade - Manually adjustable material support table with mm scale via handwheel - Manual material clamping - Coolant system in the machine base - Operating manual Space requirement L x W x H 1500 x 700 x 1550 mm Weight 590 kg Very good condition

Condition: good (used), gearing type: mechanical, Do you have gearbox damage on your Behringer or Kasto saw .....? Fpsdstv Eyvjpfx Adrek We can repair or refurbish your gearbox, no problem. In some cases we can also supply you with replacement gearboxes from stock

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Technical details: saw blade diameter: 250/285 mm cutting diameter: 50-70 mm total power requirement: 5,5 kW weight of the machine ca.: 1 t Saw type: circular saws Cutting direction: straight cut Automation: automatic Material type: structural steels, stainless steels, tool steels Material width: 60 mm Material height: 70 mm Fjdswvbk Aepfx Adropk *

Condition: excellent (used), Fully hydraulic high-performance band saw in the heaviest design, with horizontally parallel movable saw blade, for cutting profiles, pipes and solid material in all qualities, including extremely difficult to machine material (e.g. titanium, Inconel, Hastelloy) suitable for the use of bi-metal and hard metal saw blades. Saw unit in a fully solid design made of polymer concrete, this ensures the highest level of smoothness and service life of the saw blades. The saw unit is guided via two vertical square columns (double column guide) with hardened and ground guide rails. Hydraulic saw blade tensioning and hydraulically pre-tensioned hard metal saw blade guides. The material is tensioned via two hydraulic vices. The control system offers simple machine operation. The length can be set using a counter with 0.1 mm resolution. The quantity is set using a quantity counter, which switches the machine off when the quantity is reached. The material is fed via a hydraulic cylinder and ensures maximum cutting accuracy. The machines are easy to operate and work fully automatically. KASTO - fully hydraulic horizontal band saw HBA 420 AU CNC (420 mm x 420 mm / Ø 420 mm) Fully hydraulic high-performance band saw in heavy-duty design, with horizontally parallel movable saw band, for cutting profiles, pipes and solid material in all qualities, including extremely difficult-to-machine materials (e.g. titanium, Inconel, Hastelloy) suitable for the use of bi-metal and hard metal saw bands. The saw unit is made of solid polymer concrete, which ensures the highest level of smoothness and service life of the saw bands. The saw unit is guided by two vertical square columns (double column guide) with hardened and ground guide rails. Hydraulic saw band tensioning and hydraulically pre-tensioned hard metal saw band guides. Material tensioning is carried out via two horizontal frame clamps. Material feed via a non-driven roller conveyor integrated into the machine with twelve transport rollers, which makes it easy to transport short leftover pieces. Cutting area round 420 mm Cutting area square 420x420 mm Material feed with automatic 600 mm Multiple material feed 9999 mm Cutting speed continuously variable 20-130 m/min Total drive power 8 kW Drive power of saw motor 5.5 kW Clamping pressure reduction continuously variable Material support height 700 mm Saw band dimensions 6300x41x1.3 mm Shortest cutting length with automatic operation 6 mm Remaining piece length with automatic operation 100 mm Voltage 400V/50 Hz Dimensions LxWxH 3050x2420x2130 mm Weight 2920 kg. Year of manufacture 1995 Accessories: Chip conveyor, coolant system Fjdpovzlgasfx Adropk Special accessories: Driven machine roller conveyor CNC control Frequency-controlled drive Material end via Light barrier Cutting speed and feed controlled

Condition: excellent (used), The fully hydraulic production rapid-frame bandsaw features a universal hydraulic system for either exclusive or alternating cutting of thin- and thick-walled profiles as well as solid material, without the need to change the saw blade, using a standard tooth pitch of 3 or 4 teeth per inch. It is equipped with a pre-tensioned bow guide, enclosed oil hydraulics, three-position pivot bearing, separate coolant system, infinitely adjustable hydraulic cutting pressure, lift-off movement, accelerated return stroke, and comes standard with a continuously adjustable mitre device. Rapid traverse for saw bow lifting. The oscillating vice ensures optimal use of the saw blade. Longitudinal guide with ground and hardened guide rails transfers cutting pressure forces to the saw bow. Automatic end-stop shutdown. Push-button controls for ON, OFF, and rapid traverse lifting of the saw bow. Manufacturer: KASTO Fpedpfx Adjxdwbkerjk Model: Metal Frame Bandsaw Machine type: PSB 280 U Drive power: 2.2 kW Stroke rates: 40/51/64/80/102/128 per min Cutting speeds: 11/14/19/22/28/38 m/min Universal hydraulics: standard Saw feed: Hydraulic Round cutting capacity: 280 mm Flat cutting capacity: 280 x 150 mm Mitre adjustment: 0–45° Material support height: 600 mm Weight: 650 kg Dimensions (L/W): 1500 x 600 mm Height: 1000 mm Saw blade dimensions: 450 x 40 x 2 mm Year of manufacture: 1988 Accessories: Coolant equipment, rapid traverse lowering, rapid traverse raising.