Used Svedala Vibrating Chute Svedala for sale (2,712)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Povder sieve Model SV-200 Screen type stand Mesh 149 µ External dimensions 700 x700 x1200mm 220-240V voltage Power Consumption 40W Performance ~ 20kg/5min Hedpfxsbwh S Sj Ahfjfn Frequency of 50Hz Tank with fluidisation

Condition: new, color: grey, Field of application: Mining Empty weight: 32.000 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 2200 x 310 x 430 cm Tyre size on axle rear: 225 Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 100% Hfsdpfx Aoyh Hngjhfsn MOBILE SAND MAKER Feeding Hopper : 10 m3 Crusher Feeding Belt Conveyor 800*9000mm VSI700 Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher 132kw Vibrating Screen 2 Decks 1600x5000mm 11 kw Feedback conveyor 600*8000mm Stockpile Conveyors 600*8000mm Mobile Chassis 2 Axles-Compacible With EU Road Regulations Automation -PLC- with Tablet and PC Controlled Industrıal Paint on 1 Layer Linings-120-140 Micron- Barriers-Ladders-Platfroms Galvanised PLANT DETAIL Production Capacity 40-60 tph 0-5mm Maximum Feeding Size 50mm Feeding Height 3.8 meters Main Configuration VSI Crusher + Vibrating Screen Total Motor Power 165 kW Electric Generator Requirement 350 kVA Weight of the plant 31 Tonnes Sizes of the plant 14(L) x 3 (W) x 4.2(L) meters Chassis Type Single chassis on wheels Production Capacity 100-150 tph Maximum Feeding Size 50mm FEEDER PROPER FOR HEAVY DUTY Dimensions : 900x4100 mm Bunker : 15 m³ Capacity : 150 to 200 tons / hour Grid Length : 1160 mm Main Body Sheet : 20 mm. Weight : 5.5 tons. Number of springs : 111 ea Type of Bypass : Flat grid type (throttle transfer) Grill casting : 16-18 mn. 1,5 cr. Type of Bunker : With flat ramp climbing Anchorage slots : pin click - fit Bypass chute : With rear additional saddle 2-Model : VSI 700 -CR Max Feed : 35 mm. Hard Condition Rotor Diameter : 760 mm. / Off Std. Rotor Rotor Speed : 50-70 m / s. Drive : 132 kW / 1500 rpm. Capacity : 40-60 tons / hour 0-5 sand production at 5-32 mm feed. Total Capacity : 80-120 tons / hour Weight : 8,500 kg Rotor Diamond Inserts (Two-row - 6 pcs Ductile Iron Tungsten Carbide Tipped) Other Wear Parts (2 Molybdenum, 22 Chrome Alloy Castings) Electric Motorized Hydraulic Unit (Used for Belt tensioning and Upper Body Lifting.) One-sided maintenance platform with ladder. Drive pulley for two separate speeds (1400 rpm - 1600 rpm) Vibration sensor switch Maintenance Crane Crusher Feeding Belt conveyor Rated sizes : 800 x 9000 mm Motor power : 7 kw 1500 d/d Power Transmission : Motorized Reducer Drive drum : 273 Vulcanized Rubber Coating Tail drum : Angle process over pipe Body Construction : Sheet Metal Body Rubber Tension System : SNH type sliding bedding Carrier : triplet assembly pedestal Group of turning roll : single hanger system Type of reducer : İ-MAK reducer Band rubber : 5 layers of 10 mm EP-125 eksaş conveyor Drive bearings : UCF type with...

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, *complete with SKAKOTROL control-unit C 400* volume: 700 Kg. loading capacity: max. 500 Kg. Hsdpfxjwhqkco Ahfsfn

Condition: new, Bowl vibrator incl. pneum. separating ramp - total volume approx. 220 l - diameter bowl approx. 1150 mm Hodjd I Dmwepfx Ahfsfn - max. parts size 180 mm - PU-layer bottom 15 mm - PU-layer side wall 13 mm - motor 1,1 kW - motor speed 1500 rpm - total height approx. 1100 mm - total weight 460 kg - incl. dosing pump - incl. conrol box with variable speed control, 1000 - 1500 rpm

Condition: new, - without sideward drain - total volume of bowl 53 l - working volume of bowl 40 l - dimension approx. 790 x 415 x 670 mm (h) - dim. of working trough approx. 590 x 290 x 290 mm (h) - motor 0,55 kW - engine (rpm) 1500 Hfjdpfx Aod I Dnyjhfen - bottom P.U. layer of the trough 10 mm - side wall P.U. layer of the trough 8 mm - weight 80 kg - incl. dosing pump - incl. controlbox (speed control included, 1000 – 1500 rpm)

Condition: new, - incl. sideward drain - total volume of bowl 130 l - dimension approx. 1280 x 890 x 920 mm (h) - dim. of working trough approx. 1000 x 380 x 410 mm (h) - motor 1,1 kW - 380 V / 50 Hz - engine (rpm) 1500 - bottom P.U. layer of the trough 15 mm - side wall P.U. layer of the trough 10 mm - weight 300 kg - incl. dosing pump Hfjdpfed I Dqgjx Ahfsn - incl. controlbox (speed control included, 1000 – 1500 rpm) - as option with noise isolation cover - as option with seperating walls

Condition: excellent (used), WSM SZ-250K Feeder The WSM SZ-250K is a feeder from WSM-Automation, specifically designed for applications with high cleanliness requirements. The "k" in the model designation stands for "short" and refers to the reduced length of the sorting spiral, which minimizes the generation of abrasion caused by material level and vibrations. Function: It is a feeder that combines the advantages of screw conveyors with the need for clean processes. Special feature: The shortened sorting spiral (effective length) is the core innovation to minimize contamination through abrasion. Application area: It is used where a high level of cleanliness is required during the feeding process to ensure clean assembly. Feeding unit SZ-250K consisting of: Belt hopper BB-01-B (0.5 l) with level control and contamination barrier Screw conveyor WFL 200 IU (200 mm) with singulation device Aluminum frame with plexiglass housing Overall dimensions: Hodsx Elfcepfx Ahfjfn H: 740 mm W: 700 mm D: 380 mm Screws: M 2.5 x 6 mm Voltage: 230 volts You can find more items - new and used - in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: excellent (used), WSM SZ-250K Feeder The WSM SZ-250K is a feeder from WSM-Automation, specifically designed for applications with high cleanliness requirements. The "k" in the model designation stands for "short" and refers to the reduced length of the sorting helix, which reduces the formation of abrasion due to filling levels and vibrations. Function: It is a feeder that combines the advantages of helix conveyors with the need for clean processes. Special feature: The shortened sorting helix (effective length) is the core innovation to minimize contamination from abrasion. Application area: It is used where a high degree of cleanliness is required during feeding to ensure clean screwing/fastening. Feeding unit SZ-250K consisting of: Hfsdpfx Ahox Elkfofjn Belt hopper BB-01-B (0.5 l) with level control and dirt brake Helix conveyor WFL 200 IU (200 mm) with singulator Plexiglas enclosure Overall dimensions: H: 740 mm W: 700 mm D: 380 mm Screws: M 2.5 x 6 mm Voltage: 230 Volts You can find more items – new and used – in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: used, Vibratory spiral conveyor / sorting device / spiral conveyor / vibratory conveyor RNA Vibratory bowl, sorting device / screw feeder with vibratory conveyor for screw technology Feeding system, feeder Manufacturer: RNA Rhein-Nadel Automation GmbH Type SRC-N200-2R Year of manufacture: approx. 2000 Bowl diameter (top): 250 mm Bowl diameter (bottom): 190 mm Bowl internal height: approx. 45 mm Sorting track width: approx. 3 mm Overall height (drive + bowl with sorting track): 240 mm Hedsy Tpttjpfx Ahfsfn Power connection: 230 volts, 50 Hz - Conveyor spiral made of metal Space requirement Ø x H: 260 x 240 mm Weight: 13.5 kg Good condition Matching control units with suitable connection plugs are available under stock numbers: 61867, 61866, 61856, 61858, 61889.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 9,895 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 121-02396, total height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 4,000 kg, total length: 2,500 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, input voltage: 400 V, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the item on time between October 7, 2026, and October 14, 2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Drum diameter: approx. 1,450 mm MACHINE DETAILS Input voltage: 400 V Input frequency: 50 Hz Input current: 9 A Hfedezu Ix Uepfx Ahfsn Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,500 x 2,000 x 2,200 mm Total weight: 4,000 kg Operating hours: 9,895 h

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 71400, For sale is a RÖSLER Rotomatic R 150/15 SE, including a separation station, conveying technology, control cabinet, and control system. This unit comes from our ongoing production facility and was dismantled solely due to a plant upgrade. The unit is fully functional, ready for immediate use, and can be inspected and demonstrated in operational condition by appointment. Technical data Manufacturer: RÖSLER Oberflächentechnik GmbH Model: Rotomatic R 150/15 SE Machine type: Continuous belt grinding machine Year of manufacture: 2016 Serial number: 71400 Working channel length: 15 m Total power: 17 kW Main drive: 12.5 kW Equipment Complete system including: Rotomatic R 150/15 SE Separation station Workpiece conveyor belt Grinding media return system Control cabinet with PLC control Pneumatic and process water technology Automatic continuous operation Integrated workpiece/grinding media separation Variable processing time Designed for continuous industrial operation Application areas Ideally suited for: Deburring Rounding Smoothing Cleaning Surface finishing Belt grinding of mass-produced parts Suitable for workpieces made of: Hfjdpfxozizu Ej Ahfon Steel Stainless steel Aluminum Brass Zinc die casting Sintered and stamped parts The Rotomatic is particularly suitable for the continuous processing of large quantities and can be easily integrated into automated production lines. The Rotomatic principle ensures that sensitive workpieces are processed particularly gently and according to the first-in-first-out principle.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 3,700 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 21220, total height: 1,310 mm, tank capacity: 450 l, usable tank capacity: 310 l, input voltage: 400 V, outer diameter: 1,480 mm, We offer this very well-maintained rotary vibrator RA21, manufactured in 2025. This rotary vibrator is a versatile finishing machine for deburring, rounding, and polishing parts. It offers high finishing performance, easy operation, and reliable processes. The rotary vibrator has a sloped container bottom, which reliably guides the workpieces to the integrated screening area. The large screening area with a tangential outlet ensures safe separation of workpieces and grinding media. An automatic washing system is installed, which automatically removes grinding dust from the parts. The cleaning centrifuge is used to process contaminated process fluids. These systems are characterized by their high cleaning performance and are equipped with a separate process water tank for dirty and clean water. Hjdpfx Aezgti Ashfofn If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Pneumatic Vibratory Feeder, Explosion-Proof Vibrating Trough, Pneumatic Vibratory Conveyor, Used Machine Manufacturer: NetterVibration Type: Netter NTK Overall dimensions: Width: 950 mm Depth: 430 mm Height: 1340 mm Trough dimensions: Discharge opening size: 155 × 125 mm Width: 670 mm Depth: 420 mm Height: 250 mmPneumatic Vibratory Feeder, Explosion-Proof Vibrating Trough, Pneumatic Vibratory Conveyor, Used Machine Manufacturer: NetterVibration Type: Netter NTK Hfjdpfx Ahezat Elsfsn Overall dimensions: Width: 950 mm Depth: 430 mm Height: 1340 mm Trough dimensions: Discharge opening size: 155 × 125 mm Width: 670 mm Depth: 420 mm Height: 250 mm

Condition: used, Vibratory hopper, dosing hopper, storage bunker, linear vibratory feeder, sorting device Hfodey E T Dtopfx Ahfjn Vibratory bowl feeder, spiral feeder / vibratory feeder Vibratory bowl, screw feeding with vibratory feeder for screwdriving technology Feeding system, feed device Manufacturer: MÜLLENDERS Type: MLF-G2 Year of manufacture: approx. 2000 Hopper capacity: approx. 4 liters Vibration frequency: 6000 Hz Control voltage: 24 volts DC (an external power supply is required) Mains connection: 230 volts, 50 Hz - An external 24 VDC power supply is required for the start/stop signals (the controller does not have an internal 24 VDC power unit). - REO control unit, type Reovib RS6 439-459, for adjustable vibration speed - Stainless steel hopper, hopper open to the rear - Base frame made from aluminum profile system Required space L x W x H: 380 x 210 x 700 mm Weight: 20.5 kg Good condition

Condition: new, Vibratory feeder Hfsdpsy H Ewhjfx Ahfjn Deprag ADFS-01811-P/15 / Deprag ADFS-2-1508-1-X

Condition: ready for operation (used), * Brand: Metso/CFBK * Dim. vibrating chute: 4600 mm x 1100 mm Hfedpfey H Iwqex Ahfsn * Driving: 18,5 kW E-motor * Incl.: steel construction * Excl.: hopper

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 66184003, type of input current: three-phase, The details pertaining to the machine are provided below. 1)The quoted price pertains to the machine labeled as No. 1 in the drawings provided in the images. Hfodjw U A Skepfx Ahfon 2)The other units shown in the image, which are designed to operate synchronously with the machine, can also be quoted upon request. -Unit No. 2 functions as a large vibration conveyor and is the initial unit onto which the logs are loaded. -Unit No. 4 is used as a small vibration conveyor and includes a screen for separating smaller products. -Unit No. 5 is a product transfer conveyor equipped with a metal detector unit. -Unit No. 3 is a screw conveyor. It is positioned beneath Machine No. 1 and transfers the chips to the product transfer conveyor. -Unit No. 6 transports the produced chips to the designated area. Chipping Height : 380mm Chipping Width : 650mm Rotor - Diameter : 1200mm Number of Knives : 3 chipping knives and 1 counter-knife Infeed Capacity : Approx 30-40 t/h (Depends on kind of material, material mixture, type of feeding and humidity) Chipping Length : Approx. 25mm Electric Motor : 2 x 125kW Voltage : 380-400V Geared Motors : 2 x 11kW Sew Eurodrive Infeed Rollers : 9 Pcs Feeding : Horizontal Drive : By Belt

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Vibrating screen, used only a few times. Hfodoxl S Tkjpfx Ahfon

Condition: used, Complete primary and secondary crushing plant, consisting of the following components: Primary crusher: LOKOMO K-140 single-toggle jaw crusher 1,400 x 1,200 mm, feed hopper, vibrating feeder and discharge chute. Secondary crusher: LOKOMO G4214 cone crusher, cone diameter: 1,350 mm, feed and discharge box, electrical and hydraulic installation. Screening plant: LOKOMO B 256T, screen area: 4,000 x 1,300 mm, with steel structure. Secondary crusher: LOKOMO S21-14 cone crusher, cone diameter: 2,100 mm, hydraulic installation; optionally with steel structure. Conveyor belts: LOKOMO 800mm x 10m, 1200mm x 6m, 1000mm x 31m, and 1400mm x 32m. Hfedpfjwcyh Hox Ahfen

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Syspal 508/023144 Vibratory conveyor Hfodswmdauopfx Ahfjn Serial: K80201-1 2019, Stainless, conveyor dimensions 1500mm x 270mm, adjustable vibration control, mobile, 1P508h

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Masterfill Filling Machine S 500 The Masterfill S 500 is a high-performance, precision filling machine designed to meet the demanding requirements of modern dairy and food production facilities. Built for reliability, efficiency, and hygiene, the S 500 delivers consistent filling accuracy across a wide range of liquid and semi-liquid products. Engineered with advanced control systems, the S 500 ensures smooth operation and minimal product waste, making it ideal for filling milk, yogurt, cream, sauces, and other viscous products. Its robust stainless-steel construction guarantees durability while complying with strict food safety and hygiene standards. The machine features user-friendly controls, allowing operators to easily adjust filling volumes and production speeds to suit different product types and packaging formats. With its compact footprint and efficient design, the Masterfill S 500 integrates seamlessly into existing production lines. Key Features - High-precision volumetric filling system - Suitable for liquid and semi-viscous products - Hygienic stainless-steel construction - Easy-to-use control interface - Adjustable filling speed and volume - Low maintenance and easy cleaning - Compact and space-efficient design Applications - Milk and dairy products - Yogurt and desserts - Cream and sauces - Beverage and liquid food products Materfill S500 6 head fill while rise filler M2-AF Serial number 4716 YOM 2006 Filling capacity 2ml to 2000 ml The filler is a 6 head automatic filler, with the capacity to store 50 separate preset menus, Brief FDS • Controlled by Siemens S7 PLC via Mitsubishi Beijer HMI • Jars feed in vis constant stainless steel slat band • Jars indexed via program-controlled infeed and outfeed pneumatic gates. • Jars filled via positive pressure within 50 ltr holding tank (this could be changed easily to a constant positive pressure into manifold via modulating pump) • Volume controlled via Nixon BNO turbine flow meters communications with siemens high speed counter. • Liquid feeds into jar with rise during fill or above jar for fill time • Full SIP, CIP, and flush capability programs available Dico CapperSerial number 3/379Brief FDS  Capper with rotating starwheel  Will cap Square of round Jar/ Bottles (change parts included)  Jar enters, signals PEC starwheel turns 90⁰ under capping head  Capping lowers on cam, retracts on cam  Jar/ bottle clamp activated of adjustable cam onto 5/2 valve  Starwheel turns 90⁰ onto exit conveyor  Current capping head removable, for 40mm cap (no alternative head)  All systems work on cams and relays, no PLC  Motor runs on DOL for capping (clutch adjusted and variable speed gearbox)  Cam motor uses inverter. Guards with interlocked access doorway Required services.  3 Phase 32-amp electrical supply  7 Bar air pressure Main control panel Cap sorter and feederRNASRC-N 400-2LSerial no 00801Brief FDS  40mm cap sorter and feeder  Vibrating bowl agitates caps upwards  Air jets and cut outs sort caps placing in correct orientation  Cap chute allows smooth passage to dispensing head with some adjustment  Cap dispenser works on bottle/jar passing under and catching cap, this allows the retaining jaws to open and release cap  Side or over independent speed controlled wheel assists in cap leveling Required services. Hfsdpfx Ajywuczohfsn  240V electrical supply  3 Bar air pressure Filling volume: 25-2000 ml Controls: SIEMENS S7 via Mitsubishi H...

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Machine type: EVP 1500 Manufacturer: ERBA Power kW: 11 Total volume: 1500 L Description: The EVP 1500 vibratory finishing machine from ERBA features a flat working tank bottom without separation. It is ideally suited for larger and heavier workpieces. Emptying and/or separation is performed via bottom discharge (manual/pneumatic). Upon request, the machine can be equipped with reinforced suspension and a reinforced motor for higher loads. The motor speed can be continuously adjusted via a frequency converter (optional). The system can also be equipped with fully automatic PLC control (optional). ERBA vibratory finishing systems are known for their durability and longevity, which is also due to the hot-cast polyurethane lining of the working tank. As an experienced partner, we offer expertise in all aspects of vibratory finishing. Together with you, we develop efficient solutions for optimal process results. Hodpfx Aoyq N Drohfefn The stated price is net plus the currently valid statutory VAT and plus freight costs. Items shown in pictures may include accessories that are optionally available and subject to additional charges. The quoted price refers to the base machine. If you are interested, we look forward to hearing from you. We are happy to advise you without obligation. The European Commission provides a platform for online dispute resolution (ODR platform). This offer serves exclusively as an online presentation of our goods. Contract negotiations are concluded via telecommunication (email, telephone, messaging portal). In the first step, we will provide you with a non-binding offer, along with information on our general terms and conditions including imprint and the right of withdrawal, before any purchase/contract conclusion occurs.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Machine type: EVT 400 Manufacturer: ERBA Power kW: 4.0 Total volume: 400 liters Description: The EVT 400 long trough vibratory finishing machine from ERBA features a robust, hot-cast polyurethane lining. Discharge or separation is carried out via a bottom drain (manual/pneumatic). Removable dividers allow the work tank to be partitioned into compartments for individual processing of parts. The machine is equipped with an electrical control cabinet and can be optionally fitted with a fully automatic PLC process control system. Upon request, a reinforced suspension and a more powerful motor can be installed for higher loads. The motor speed can be continuously adjusted via frequency inverter (optional). As an experienced partner, we provide expertise in all aspects of vibratory finishing. Together with you, we develop efficient solutions for optimal process results. Hfjdpfoyq N D Esx Ahfen The stated price is net, plus the currently applicable statutory VAT and freight costs. The photos may show the system including accessories, which are optionally available and subject to additional costs. The quoted price refers to the base machine. The photos are for illustration purposes only. The actual appearance and dimensions may differ from those shown. If you are interested, we look forward to your inquiry. We are happy to advise you without obligation. The European Commission provides a platform for out-of-court online dispute resolution (ODR platform). This offer serves solely to present our goods. Contract negotiations are conducted via telecommunication (email, phone, messaging platform). The first step will be to send you a non-binding offer, which will also include information about our general terms and conditions, legal notice, and right of withdrawal before a purchase/contract is concluded.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Machine type: BPT 1000 Manufacturer: ERBA Hsdeyq Rcpopfx Ahfofn Power: 2 x 5.5 kW Total volume: 1,000 L Description: The ERBA BPT 1000 twin-motor long trough vibratory finishing machine is ideal for ball polishing or processing heavy workpieces. Thanks to its two motors, it can handle even particularly heavy media loads and applies the necessary pressure to the workpieces. It is equipped with a durable hot-cast polyurethane lining. Emptying or separation is performed via a bottom outlet (manual/pneumatic). The process chamber can be partitioned using removable dividers, allowing for individual processing of parts. The machine comes with an electrical control cabinet and can optionally be fitted with fully automatic PLC process control. The motor speed can be infinitely adjusted by means of a frequency converter (optional). As an experienced partner, we provide expertise in all aspects of vibratory finishing. Together with you, we develop efficient solutions to achieve your optimal process results. The listed price is net, plus the currently applicable statutory VAT and freight costs. The pictures may show the system including optional accessories, which are available at additional cost. The quoted price refers to the base machine. The photos are for illustrative purposes. Actual appearance and size may differ from the images. If you are interested, we look forward to hearing from you. We are happy to provide you with a consultation, with no obligation. The European Commission provides a platform for out-of-court online dispute resolution (OS platform). This offer is for presentation purposes only. Contract negotiations take place via telecommunication (Email, phone, messaging portal). Initially, we will send you a non-binding quote, along with our general terms and conditions including imprint and information on the right of withdrawal, before any purchase/contract is concluded.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Machine type: EVP 550 Manufacturer: ERBA Power kW: 4.0 Total volume: 585 l Description: The ERBA EVP 550 vibratory finishing machine features a flat-bottomed process bowl without an integrated separation unit. Emptying and separation are done via a manual or pneumatic bottom discharge system. Upon request, the machine can be equipped with reinforced suspension and a heavy-duty motor for increased loads. The motor speed can be infinitely adjusted via frequency inverter (optional). An optional fully-automatic PLC control system can also be installed. Hsdpfxoyq Rhxe Ahfsfn ERBA vibratory finishing systems are renowned for their durability and longevity, largely due to the hot-cast polyurethane lining of the process bowl. As an experienced partner, we provide expertise in all aspects of vibratory finishing. Together, we develop efficient solutions to ensure optimal process results tailored to your requirements. All prices are net, plus the applicable VAT and freight charges. Accessories shown in the images may be optionally available and are subject to additional costs. If you are interested, we look forward to hearing from you. We are happy to provide you with non-binding advice. The European Commission provides a platform for out-of-court online dispute resolution (ODR platform). This offer is intended exclusively as an online presentation of our goods. Contract negotiations are conducted via telecommunications (e-mail, telephone, message portal). As a first step, we will send you a non-binding offer, which also includes our general terms and conditions, imprint, and information on the right of withdrawal, prior to any purchase or contractual agreement.