Used Müller Maschinen Gmbh Sm 152 for sale (72,103)

Condition: good (used), Outreach: 915 mm Foded Ixy Ijpfx Ap Dspn Taper: MK3 Length: 1700 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 2000 mm Weight: 1000 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, Equipment: type plate available, Used stainless steel container Last use: Pharmacy Item number:10821 Volume: 20000L Fodjth Shqepfx Ap Depn Operating pressure: Atmospheric Max. Operating temperature: +80 °C Type: horizontal on 4 feet Material (wetted parts): 1.4301 / AISI 304 Design: single-walled Tank dimensions: Cyl. height: 4500mm Total height: Approx. 3100mm Height of the feet: 970mm Outer diameter: 2500mm Total width: 2750mm Total length: 4600mm materials: Interior: 1.4301 / AISI 304 Outside: 1.4301 / AISI 304 Equipment: Manhole: 440 x 340mm Type plate: yes

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 20 h, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 10660, filling weight (min.): 20,000 g, filling weight (max.): 11,00,000 g, Second-hand Feige ATEX pallet filling machine for sale. type 16.1-B-00x Ex II 2G c IIB T3 The machine comes with a new Stainless steel filling valve and a new filling lance, and is equipped with Feige FST-10E weighing electronics (latest weighing electronics). Fpsdpfxszxhtas Ap Djn Easy adjustable for different packages and easy to operate. Proven technology, Feige has sold over 5.000 filling machines. Suitable for filling weights. from 20 kg to 1,100 kg. Suitable for canisters, drums on a pallet and IBC's . Optional installation by our own local service engineers (Benelux).

Year of construction: 2007, condition: used, Dust jacketing machine Müller Martini Vesta (A710) Year: 2007 The jacketing machine completes the external appearance of the books by precisely and tightly wrapping the jackets and folding in the flaps. Description: - Infeed conveyor - Automatic jacket feeder - Scoring station - Book opening station Fpedpfxozxztye Ap Don - Case separation station - Case closing station - Straight delivery - Lay down device: A 440 NE - Excluding pump Max. mechanical speed: up to 3.900 cycles/h Book block format (max): 305 x 390 x 80 mm Book block format (min): 95 x 125 x 10 mm Book thickness (min): 8 mm Jacket size (max): 900 x 390 mm Jacket size (min): 295 x 125 mm Flap width (max): 150 mm Flap width (min): 50 mm

Condition: like new (used), operating hours: 250 h, SHI Machines Type: BlueBox Virtually unused with only 250 operating hours! Technical specifications: Power: 120 kW Torque: up to 470 Nm Speed: up to 6,000 rpm Operation: Four-quadrant operation Safety package: Bulletproof cover & data filter for "Go" signal line Dimensions: approx. 2800 × 1600 × 1300 mm Accessories, etc.: 1 clutch 120 - steel, incl. adapter Clutch size: 100 Max. speed: 7,300 RPM Max. torque: 1,000 Nm 1x adapter 1x clutch steel size 100 1x adapter 2 ø40 1x adapter 2 ø50 1x adapter 2 ø60 1x clamping device ø40 1x clamping device ø50 1x clamping device ø60 Adapter mounting tool Clutch 120 - CFRP, incl. adapter Max. speed: 8,500 RPM Max. torque: 720 Nm Adapter mounting tool CISPR 25 test bench made of wood on wheels for EMC BlueBox 120, size 2500 x 1000 x 900 mm Fpsdpfx Apsy Tg R Ne Den Load capacity up to max. 500 kg, incl. 2 mm hot-dip galvanized ground plane Payload: up to 1,400 kg Weight: approx. 2,500 kg Operating voltage 400 V, 250 A Control voltage 24 V Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, information provided are subject to change!) We would be happy to answer any further questions you may have by telephone.

Condition: used, Oil Mist Extractor, Emulsion Mist Separator, Used Machine Manufacturer: IFS Industriefilter Service GmbH Type: IFM 2000 Overall dimensions: Width: 1170 mm Depth: 700 mm Height: 1100 mm Weight: 136.5 kg Year of manufacture: 1995 Electrical data: 400V, 1.5 kW, 3.2 A Fpedpeyn Rmiefx Ap Dsn Filter size: 605 x 615 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Overview These fermenters (iso tank) were manufactured in 2018 by Germany BrauKon GmbH. The equipment consists of 3 fermenters, designed for beer fermentation. The tanks are still installed and connected to energy and are available immediately. The equipment can be visited in production on request. Technical data  - Capacity: 10 hl each - Application: Beer fermentation - Configuration: 3 × iso fermenters Fpedeywn Svspfx Ap Den  

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, The separation is achieved through repeated fractionation on up to 5 longitudinally arranged, superimposed sieve decks, the inclination of which increases downwards. The sieve frame is driven by unbalanced motors. The installed sieve decks have the following sizes: 15-10-5-3-1 mm. The machine was in operation at an R&D center in Israel. As the company now operates a production facility in Europe, the R&D center will be closed. The machines will be transported to Europe at the owner's expense and can be delivered EXW at a port or at the production plant in Europe. Fodpfx Apozl Sv Sj Djpn The details for optimal transport need to be clarified. The machine price does not include packaging on a pallet.

Year of construction: 2022, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Q230213, For sale is an unused system for flameless explosion pressure relief, manufactured by REMBE. The device is in absolutely new condition, still packaged in its original wooden transport crate, and will be delivered including original documentation and accessories. Technical data (according to the nameplate): Manufacturer: REMBE GmbH Safety+Control Type: Q-Rohr-3-G-24 Nominal size: DN 600 / 24" Relief area: 2700 cm² Material: Stainless steel Seal: Graphite Burst pressure (at 22 °C): nominal 0.700 bar g (min. 0.595 / max. 0.805) Certification: ATEX (IBExU 16 ATEX 2029 X) Signal unit: ROSE Systemtechnik (Type 15.061003, max. temperature 200 °C) Scope of delivery: 1x REMBE Q-Rohr-3-G-24 (in original wooden crate) 1x Original operating manual 1x PHOENIX CONTACT isolation amplifier (MACX MCR-EX-SL-2NAM-T-SP, original packaging) Fpodpfx Aszxgtfop Don The system is ideal for industrial and process plants that require the highest ATEX safety standards. An on-site inspection is possible by arrangement.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 94447285, Year of construction: 2023, lifting height: 4,000 mm, chain length: 4,000 mm, load capacity: 500 kg, lifting speed: 75 mm/s, fine lifting speed: 18 mm/s, power: 0.49 kW (0.67 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, For sale is a like-new, immediately ready-for-use Demag electric chain hoist, including a matching aluminum track (3.8 m), trolley, and a professional Demag wireless remote control. The system was manufactured in June 2023 and is in excellent, well-maintained condition. Technical data (chain hoist): Model: Demag DC-COM 5-500 (1/1 H4 V4.5/1.1) Year of manufacture: 06/2023 Load capacity (SWL): 500 kg (0.5 t) Hook travel / chain length: 4.0 m (4000 mm) Lifting speeds: 4.5 m/min (main speed) / 1.1 m/min (fine lifting speed) Motor power: 0.49 kW / 0.10 kW Operating voltage: 3 ~ 380–415 V / 50 Hz Protection class: IP 55 Fedpfx Apszxg T Ee Dopn Features & scope of delivery: Demag electric chain hoist with chain and load hook Aluminum track (length: 3.8 m) including trolley Demag wireless remote control (handheld transmitter) for precise and wireless operation Including the corresponding charging unit/power supply and connection cable Ideally suited for workshops, warehouses, or assembly workstations where precise and safe lifting is required. Inspection is possible by arrangement.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, tank capacity: 77,390 l, inner diameter: 3,000 mm, outer diameter: 3,400 mm, overall weight: 20,760 kg, manhole location: side, operating temperature: 100 °C, 1 compressed air tank. Manufacturer: Walter Krämer Fürstenwalde Fpodpjzvxu Nofx Ap Dsn Diameter of tank without insulation: 3000 mm Diameter with insulation: approx. 3400 mm Overall height with feet and nozzle: approx. 12500 mm Capacity: 77390 liters Operating pressure max.: 20 bar Test pressure, water pressure test: 26 bar Empty weight: 20760 kg Tank steel material: P355 NH-W1 Manhole: 600 mm with hinged cover Year of manufacture: 1997 Insulation: Mineral wool Includes tank documentation and TÜV (German technical inspection association) documents. The last TÜV inspection with water pressure test was carried out in 2018. Result: minor rust particles on the bottom, continued operation is guaranteed.

Year of construction: 1980, condition: ready for operation (used), overall weight: 25,000 kg, pressing force: 408 t, stroke length: 1,490 mm, table length: 4,500 mm, table load: 60,000 kg, table width: 2,500 mm, Hydraulic press manufactured in 1980. This FRITZ MULLER ZAE 400-25.1.1 features a substantial press force of 400 t and a table size of 4,500 × 2,500 mm. The ram and additional clamping plate size is 4,500 × 2,500 mm, with a ram stroke of 1,490 mm, providing robust performance for various applications. The travelling table supports a maximum load of 60 t. If you are looking to get high-quality pressing capabilities, consider the FRITZ MULLER ZAE 400-25.1.1 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Pressing Force • Ram Force: 4000 kN • Table Ejector Force: 200 kN • Ram Cushion Force: 2000 kN Stroke • Ram Stroke: 1490 mm • Table Ejector Stroke: 550 mm • Ram Cushion Stroke: 200 mm • Max. Stroke: 900 mm (UT) Working Area • Ram Cushion Surface: 4000 × 1500 mm • Max. Tool Installation Height: 2390 mm • Max. Travelling Table Load: 60 t Fsdpfx Aozvyzwop Dopn Clamping Surfaces • Ram & Additional Clamping Plate: 4500 × 2500 mm • Travelling Table: 4500 × 2500 mm Additional Information • Oil Capacity: 3000 l HLP46 • Oil Cleanliness Class: 15/13/10 according to ISO 4406 • Travelling Table: Max. Load 60 t

Condition: new, tank capacity: 437 l, wall material: stainless steel, Unused, temperature-controlled stainless steel container with insulation Article number: 10910 Volume: Approx. 437L Material: 1.4404 stainless steel V4A Surface: Interior IIId, exterior satin finish Welded seams inside the container pickled, passivated and brushed Operating pressure: ATM Operating pressure for thermoplates: Max. 1.8 bar -Vertical design on three legs -Top: 1/2 hinged lid, 1/2 fixed with screws, with tension handle (can be locked open) -Sheet metal grids below the hinged lid as a strainer, screwed on, removable -1x thermoplate on the cylinder, inlet/outlet connection 3/4", operating pressure max. 1.8 bar -1x thermoplate on the bottom, inlet/outlet connection 3/4", operating pressure max. 1.8 bar -Insulation t=30mm mineral wool for cylinder and bottom, welded stainless steel insulation jacket 1.4301 -Bottom: Conical bottom with central outlet and forward-extending pipe DN50 DIN11851 -Outlet valve: ball valve DN50 DIN11851, gasket EPDM/PTFE -Agitator flange on the top Container dimensions: Outer diameter: 650mm Cylindrical height: 1300mm Overall width: 750mm Overall length: 850mm Overall height: 1930mm Fpodpfxozwmr Ej Ap Don Materials: Interior: 1.4404 / AISI 316 Exterior parts: 1.4404 / AISI 316 Features: Outlet diameter: DN50 Distance from outlet to bottom: 110mm Height of legs: 330mm Nameplate: yes Agitator: Variable speed propeller agitator for low-viscosity media Type: SRT8-1500-Vari Manufacturer: Schwarzer Rührtechnik GmbH Power: 0.75kW Speed: 1410 RPM (continuously adjustable) Voltage: 3PH 400V -Solid agitator shaft attached to the agitator motor, not removable -Agitator shaft balanced for smooth running within the speed range -1 piece 3-blade mixing propeller Ø 138mm at the end of the agitator shaft Mixing propeller made of a stainless steel casting, highly polished -Stainless steel flange, sealing V-ring, EPDM -Motor mounted on neoprene rubber buffers Infinitely variable speed control of the agitator motor via a compact, motor-mounted frequency inverter, manufactured by Getriebebau NORD. Including potentiometer. Pre-programmed for agitator operation. Operating voltage 3PH 400V

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, machine/vehicle number: Drymex S 5, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 8,286 h, Beautiful, robust, and excellently maintained drying system, consisting of 2 units, 1 large drying chamber made of stainless steel with a perforated sheet metal floor incl. piping and the Blue Evolution XL steam cleaning device from Beam. Fsdsyffqqopfx Ap Dopn Ideal for gentle drying of food (herbs, tea, wheatgrass), low-temperature drying with electricity (below 40°C), for indoor use only. The individual segments of the perforated sheet metal floor can be opened individually (for cleaning). In top condition, very solidly built. Dimensions: Units - 1.95 x 1.25 x 2.00 m, Drying chamber: 7.40 x 2.67 x 2.50 m. Stainless steel: 1.4301 The entire system is very well maintained, still assembled, and fully operational. Can be inspected at any time while powered on. The drying chamber can also be divided and connected to one unit each. This will provide you with two identical dryers. Price negotiable.

Year of construction: 2001, condition: used, Hard cover book line VBF / Muller Martini Diamant Year: 2001 Description: - Semi automatic setting - Book measuring table - Stand-alone pre-heating device: IR - Infeed conveyor - Starfeeder - Rounding and backing station - Glue unit - Gauzing station - Book mark suction device - Glue unit - Head and tail banding station - Pressing station - Casing-in station - Case infeed device - Case pre-stacking conveyor - Case bending station - Case forming station - Coldglue circulation pump - Hotmelt nozzle glue system for joint gluing in casing-in section Building in machine VBF / Muller Martini EP 680 L Year: 2000 Description: - Book forming station - Delivery Fjdpfeyid Nwjx Ap Dopn - Delivery to the left Book stacker VBF / Muller Martini BLSD 600 D Year: 2001 Book block format (max): 380 x 270 x 80 mm (hxwxt) Book block format (min): 100 x 100 x 4 mm (hxwxt) Size range opened case (max): 660 x 390 mm Size range opened case (min): 190 x 105 mm Max. mechanical speed: 3.600 cycles / hour Note!: Specifications are subject to typographical errors and changes in comparable models by the manufacturer!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, pressure 100 t table surface area 800 x 800 mm ram stroke 450 mm throat 400 mm dayligth 800 mm table height over floor 900 mm die cushion capacity 40 t die cushion stroke 200 mm oil volume 700 l rapid traverse - down 185 mm/sec rapid traverse - up 160 mm/sec working feed 55 mm/sec Fjdpeyif Nrsfx Ap Depn total power requirement 17 kW weight of the machine ca. 5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,2 x 1,2 x 3,4 m Machine has cushion in table.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1961, pressure 025 t table-size 450 x 500 mm stroke 500 mm Fodexukpcepfx Ap Depn dayligth 550 mm throat 200 mm table height over floor 800 mm hole in the table 130 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Saddle stitcher Müller Martini Primera A110 Year: 2008 Fodpfxsx Dkk Ee Ap Djpn +/- 9.400 production hours Operation / Control - Colour monitor with touch screen Feeders - Horizontal signature feeders: 6 x 1555 - Cover feeder: 1529 - Pump(s) Stitching unit Müller Martini 0380.0452 - Oblique sheet control - Thickness control - Stitching heads: 2x HK75 - Delivery to the left - Reject gate, for incomplete products Trimmer Müller Martini 0449.0430 - Sets of knives: 1 - Center cutting device - Sets of knives: 1 Delivery Müller Martini Perfetto (0450.0401) - Compensating stacker - Delivery to the left Description modified on 4-4-2025

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, Title: Strassburger Filter SF400oDEC/30S Integra – Stainless Steel Plate Filter Press – Year of Manufacture 2020 – NEW / unused Brief Description: For sale are unused, original-packaged plate and frame filter presses from the renowned German manufacturer Strassburger Filter GmbH + Co. KG. The units are in new condition, have never been put into operation, and are originally packaged by the manufacturer. Manufacturer: Strassburger Filter GmbH + Co. KG (Germany) Model / Type: SF400oDEC/30S, Integra format Machine designation: FI6722 – FP PRE 1 Year of Manufacture: 2020 Serial Number: e.g. 032003303920 (other serial numbers available) CE Marking: Yes Condition: New / unused Original packaging Never installed, never used in production Stock item Quantity available: 3 identical machines available New Price: New price €94,000 per unit Design / Material: Completely stainless steel Plate and frame filter press Gasketed plates Pharmaceutical / Biotech design Hydraulic closure including hydraulic unit CE-compliant Technical Data: Plate format: 425 × 400 mm Number of filter chambers: 28 Total filter area: approx. 3.4 m² Total volume: approx. 13.6 liters (100%) Max. operating pressure: 6 bar Max. operating temperature: 95 °C CIP / SIP capable (cleaning up to 121 °C) Dimensions & Weight: Fodox Ihufepfx Ap Dopn Length: approx. 1,649 mm Width: approx. 600 mm Height: approx. 1,145 mm Weight of filter frame: approx. 480 kg Weight of plate pack: approx. 120 kg Plate Pack: 14 filter plates 13 filter frames 1 end frame 1 baffle plate 28 filter layers per configuration Hydraulics & Drive: Hydraulic closure Hydraulic unit included Motor power: 1.5 kW Electrical connection: 400 V / 50 Hz Valve voltage: 24 V DC Compressed air requirement: 3.0 bar Connections: Product inlet and outlet DN25 Vent / drain DN15 Connections according to DIN 11864-2 Drip tray available Application areas: Pharmaceutical production Biotechnology Chemical industry Pre-filtration Precipitation and clarification processes Location: Germany Inspection possible by appointment Available immediately

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, Place: Austria Available immediately Fodpfx Aoxy Rddsp Depn

Condition: new, Factory-new agitated vessel with dissolver Type: STOC2200RWD Volume: approx. 2,266 liters Design: Vertical construction on three height-adjustable feet Construction: Single-walled Medium-contacting material: 1.4301 stainless steel (AISI304) Surface: External satin finish, internal BA (IIId) Internal weld seams: Pickled, passivated and brushed Max. operating pressure: Atmospheric Max. operating temperature: 95°C Top: 15° conical top Bottom: 15° conical bottom with central outlet DN50 DIN11851 Tank dimensions: Tank diameter: 1,430 mm Cylinder height: 1,250 mm Total height: 2,160 mm Foot height: 500 mm Outlet to floor distance: 350 mm Equipment: 1x Ø 500 mm manway cover with swivel bracket on top, EPDM gasket 1x agitator flange connection IEC200 3x calotte / height-adjustable feet 1x stainless steel vent/bleeder valve DN50, non-pressurized, on the top 1x DN50 DIN11851 outlet port centered in the bottom 1x DN50 DIN11851 port with blanking cap on the top 1x DN65 DIN11851 port with blanking cap on the top 2x lifting lugs on the top 1x ladder bracket on the cylinder 1x nameplate Agitator: Dissolver Manufacturer: Schwarzer Rührtechnik GmbH Type: SRTDMK/7.5-1500 Power: 7.5 kW Speed: 1,410 RPM Operating voltage: 3PH 400V Fpsdow Dy Hlspfx Ap Den - Heavy-duty agitator shaft mounted to the agitator motor with muff coupling - Agitator shaft dynamically balanced for smooth running within the speed range - 1 piece dissolver disc Ø 275 mm screwed onto the end of the agitator shaft - Stainless steel flange with V-ring seal, EPDM - Motor mounted flexibly on neoprene rubber-metal buffers

Condition: new, Factory-new electrically heated stainless steel mixing tank, insulated, with propeller agitator, including operating manual and CE declaration of conformity. Model: EBB150RWP Also available with alternative agitator types and in other sizes. Capacity: 152 L Approximate dimensions: Ø 660 mm x cylindrical height 625 mm Total height: 910 mm (+ agitator motor) Material: 1.4301 (V2A) stainless steel Finish: IIIc / 2B Weld seams ground Maximum operating temperature: 110°C Operating pressure (tank): atmospheric -Upright design on castors -Top: Hinged lid, half bolted, half hinged, with removable stainless steel safety grid -Bottom: Flat bottom with lateral outlet DN50 DIN 11851 and disc valve, EPDM gasket -Agitator flange connection on top -2x push handles -1x type plate Agitator: Propeller agitator Power: 0.25 kW Speed: 980 rpm Fodpfx Apoym Ucls Dspn Operating voltage: 3-phase 400 V

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Overview: Manufactured in 2004 by the German company Dr. Datz Maschinenbau GmbH, this reliable 24-head wire bail capper is designed for securely sealing wire bail closures on bottles. A high-quality German-built machine, ideal for efficient and precise capping operations in bottling lines. Fsdpfsyb R Rnsx Ap Djpn Technical Details: - Manufacturer: Dr. Datz Maschinenbau GmbH - Type: BVM 24R - Year of Manufacture: 2004 - Number of Capping Stations: 24 - Closure Type: Wire bail closures - Machine Direction: Left to right

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Parker-Airtech presents the latest generation of nitrogen generators, which impress with an outstanding air factor on the market. Our systems are characterized by the exclusive use of high-quality components, which ensures their longevity and reliability. The cost-effective operation of the system is characterized by low power consumption with maximum output, low-maintenance operation of the system, no additional gases such as hydrogen to reduce oxygen and high-quality and durable components. This means that the system can pay for itself in the shortest possible time. An intelligent monitoring system enables continuous monitoring of the operating parameters and ensures that you are always informed about the status of your system. Whether in the office or on the go - our system can also be conveniently viewed on your mobile phone, so that you always have control over your nitrogen production. The system is individually tailored to your needs. Fsdpfx Apjwzv His Djpn Parker-Airtech has made it its mission to offer you the best technologies to optimally support and maximize your processes. Trust in innovation, quality and performance - choose Parker-Airtech.

Year of construction: 2011, condition: not inspected (used), Complete gas treatment and catalytic oxidation system with heat recovery – built in 2011 On behalf of our client, we offer a high-quality industrial gas treatment and catalytic oxidation system for sale. The system was originally designed and built for the treatment of methane, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbon-containing gas streams from a geothermal application. It is still fully assembled and can be inspected by appointment. The system was taken out of service in 2015 in functional condition and subsequently decommissioned professionally. All components in contact with the process medium were emptied and cleaned. Since the decommissioning, the system has neither been operated nor regularly maintained. A current functional test has not been carried out. Before recommissioning, a technical inspection and, if necessary, the modernization of individual components – in particular, the control and automation technology – are required. Technical data Manufacturer: KOPF Holding GmbH (complete system) Model: Customer-specific special system Year of construction: 2011 Process air/exhaust gas flow rate: up to 6,000 Nm³/h Methane conversion according to original design: 90% Burner output: 250 kW Waste heat utilization: up to approx. 370 kW thermal output System scope Vacuum degassing system Hydrogen sulfide absorber Vacuum compressor system Water treatment Catalytic oxidation system Catalytic reactor up to 750 °C Two-stage pre-filtration Stainless steel main heat exchanger Waste heat recovery heat exchanger Fpedpfx Apjzr T Dko Djn Gas burner Frequency-controlled main fan Dräger gas measurement technology Siemens S7 control system with process visualization Extensive measuring, control and safety technology Documentation Extensive original documents are available for the system, including: Process description Layout drawings Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) Isometrics Quotation and project documentation The completeness of Ex certificates and pressure vessel documentation is currently being checked. Condition System completely assembled Taken out of service in functional condition in 2015 Components in contact with the process medium emptied and cleaned Not operated since decommissioning Sale in current condition Inspection possible by appointment The system is particularly suitable for applications in gas treatment, methane oxidation, VOC/exhaust gas purification, biogas, landfill gas or comparable industrial processes. Sale is on behalf of the client. Technical data is provided to the best of our knowledge based on the available original documents. A current functional test has not been carried out. Errors, changes and prior sale are reserved.