Used Bertolaso Beverage Machine for sale (66,563)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, Arburg 470C 1500-400 Year of manufacture: July 2009 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 45 mm Injection weight: 232 g Injection pressure: 1580 bar Dosing volume: 254 cc Clamping unit: Clamping force: 150 t Type distance: 470 x 470 mm Clamping platen size: 650 x 650 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - touchscreen Additional equipment: Core pull control Injection unit hardened - bimetal Screw diameter can be changed Dimensions: Weight: 4790 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.44 x 1.63 x 2.09 m Drive: Pumps/Motor: 18.5 kW Heating power: 9.4 kW Total power: 27.9 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. You can receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Gkodpfszy I I Hjx Akasb Price: Upon request

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 15 h, functionality: fully functional, total height: 900 mm, total length: 900 mm, total width: 700 mm, overall weight: 180 kg, input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, laser hours: 15 h, laser power: 3,000 W, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: Max Photonics, Equipment: documentation/manual, Hongniu HN-2000H – 3000W Fiber Laser Cleaning Machine Industrial fiber laser machine for fast removal of rust, paint, coatings and surface contamination. This is an ex-display/demo machine and has been used for only approximately 15 hours. It is in excellent, very clean condition. Specifications: 3000W MAX Photonics laser source Gksdpfx Akszy D Dkeaeb Industrial water chiller 10 m cleaning torch cable Dimensions: 900 × 700 × 900 mm Weight: 180 kg Included: One-year supply of protective lenses Nitrogen cylinder 20 m extension cable An invoice will be provided. The machine is located in İzmir, Türkiye, and is available for inspection.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, Demag Ergotech Compact 250-80 Year of manufacture: 1995 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 18 mm Injection weight: 20 g injection pressure: 2400 bar Dosing volume: 22.8 ccm Clamping unit: clamping force: 25 t tie bar distance: 280x280 mm size of clamping platens: 410x410 mm ejector: hydraulic clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: NC4 Additional equipment: Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Original Demag mold crane: chain, electrically controlled, 2 lifting speeds Dimensions: Weight: 2600 kg Length/width/height: 3.20x1.30x1.80 m Drive: Pumps/motor: 7,5 kW Heating power: 3,7 kW Total power: 11,2 kW Gkodpfx Akezy H S Roaeb All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to get a video of technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests in our company in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, Arburg 270C 400-70 Year of manufacture: 2007 Gsdpfxezy Icds Akaekb Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 22 mm Shot weight: 31 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosage volume: 34 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 40 t Tie bar spacing: 270x270 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Euromap 67 Robot interface 2x air valves 1x hydraulic core pull Hot runner control Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Proportional valve on the injection unit – precise injection Screw diameter change possible Dimensions: Weight: 2370 kg Length/Width/Height: 2.99x1.43x1.98 m All offered machines are started and tested by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Arburg 320C 500-250 Year of manufacture: 2004 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 35 mm Shot weight: 121 g Injection pressure: 1,820 bar Shot volume: 144 cc Clamping unit: Clamping force: 50 t Tie bar spacing: 320x320 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA Additional equipment: Euromap 12 Robot interface Air valve x 1 Gksdpfx Akjzy Idnjajb Hydraulic core pull x 1 Injection unit hardened – bimetallic Dimensions: Weight: 2,330 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.41x1.47x1.99 m Drive: Pump/motor: 15 kW Heating capacity: 6.5 kW Total power: 21.5 kW All machines offered are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, Chen Hsong JetMaster 88-MK6 with Sepro Industrial Robot Succes 7 / Hybrid Machine Gjdpfx Akszy Iaioaskb Year of manufacture: 2021 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 41 mm Shot weight: 246 g Injection pressure: 1890 bar Dosing volume: 271 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 128 t Tie bar spacing: 410x410 mm Platen size: 620x605 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle Control: BECKHOFF - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Hybrid machine: high-speed, energy-saving, and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 2 Control with hot runner system x 8 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Main motor of the machine - servo motor with inverter drive - energy saving Central lubrication Automatic tool height adjustment Rexroth hydraulics The machine was serviced in Germany Robot Samfacc Year of manufacture: 2022 4-axis robot: 3 axes are driven with servo motors (electric): X, Y (telescopic), Z; Axis C – pneumatic Safety package for robots Robot with adapter, conveyor belt, and protective housing Purchase of the robot and conveyor belt for an additional charge Dimensions: Weight: 4000 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.90x1.30x1.80 m All machines offered are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Arburg 320C 500-100 / Excellent technical condition Year of construction: 10.2004 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 25 mm Injection weight: 45 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Metering volume: 49 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 50 t Distance between tie bars: 320x320 mm Size of the clamping platens: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA Additional equipment: The machine is in excellent technical condition and was used for testing injection molds Operating hours: 25,739 h in automatic mode Gsdpfxszy Iflj Akaekb Total number of operating hours: 30,661 h Hydraulic core pull x 1 Reinforced injection units - bimetal Proportional valve on the injection unit - precise injection Built-in pressure quality control system from the Sensor Kistler brand - mold pressure measurement It is possible to change the screw diameter to smaller or larger: 20 mm or 30 mm Dimensions Weight: 2300 kg Length/width/height: 3.18x1.47x1.99 m Drive: Pump/motor: 15 kW Heating output: 4.9 kW Total output: 19.9 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Arburg 370H 600-100 / Hybrid Machine Year of manufacture: November 2011 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 20 mm Injection weight: 29 g Injection pressure: 2500 bar Dosing volume: 31 cc Clamping unit: Clamping force: 60 t Type distance: 370 x 370 mm Clamping platen size: 510 x 510 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle-type Control system: SELOGICA - touchscreen Additional equipment: Hybrid machine: high-speed, energy-saving, and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 3 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Control system with hot runners x 12 Hardened injection unit - bimetal Main machine motor - servo motor driven by an inverter - energy saving The injection unit is driven by the servo motor Driven by an inverter Machine with cylinder/battery with compressed nitrogen (additional charging for fast work) Central lubrication Dimensions: Weight: 3190 kg Gsdpfx Akjzy If Sjaekb Length/Width/Height: 3.68 x 1.45 x 2.04 m All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, Krauss Maffei KM 80-180 CX with the Sepro Industrial Robot 55 sprue picker Year of construction: 2005 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 30 mm Injection weight: 77.4 g Injection pressure: 2025 bar Dosing volume: 85 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 80 t Distance between tie bars: 420x420 mm Size of the clamping plates: 670x670 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control: MC V - touch screen Additional equipment: Euromap 67 Robot interface Control unit with air valve Hydraulic core pull x 1 Hardened injection unit - bimetal Sprue picker Sepro Industrial Robot 55 Year of construction: 2018 It is possible to purchase a Moretto brand raw material feeding system for an additional charge The set includes: - Screw feeder, volumetric with hopper - Feeder with proportional valve Dimensions: Weight: 3900 kg Length/width/height: 3.80x1.50x2.10 m Drive: Pumps/motor: 15 kW Gedpfxozy H Ufj Akajkb Heating output: 8.12 kW Total output: 23.12 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Krauss Maffei KM 350-2000 AX / Electric Machine / Production line with the Krauss Maffei LRX150-1018 robot Year of manufacture: 2011 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 60 mm Shot weight: 720 g Injection pressure: 2420 bar Dosing volume: 792 ccm Gedpezy Ipkefx Akaskb Clamping unit: Clamping force: 350 t Tie bar spacing: 810x730 mm Mold size: 1110x1030 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle Control system: MC6 - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Electric machine: energy-saving and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air core puller x 2 on the side of the fixed mold platen Hydraulic core puller x 3 on the side of the moving mold platen Control system with hot runner system x 10 Injection unit is wear-resistant and resistant to corrosion Main motor of the machine - servo motor driven by an inverter - energy saving Central lubrication Parallel movements Automatic tool height adjustment Robot Krauss Maffei LRX150-1018 Year of manufacture: 2011 5-axis robot: 4 axes are driven by servo motors (electric): X, Y-telescopic, Z, B-rotation; Axis C – pneumatic Travel distances in axes: X-900, Y-1800, Z-2500 Safety package for robot Robot with adapter, conveyor belt and protective housing Purchase of the robot and the conveyor belt at an additional cost Dimensions: Weight: 22600 kg Length/Width/Height: 8.00x2.35x2.30 m All machines offered will be started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Wittmann Battenfeld VM 150/525 R1280 Servo Power / Vertical Injection Moulding Machine with Rotary Table Year of manufacture: 2015 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 35 mm Shot weight: 175.6 g Injection pressure: 2743 bar Dosage volume: 193 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 150 t Tie bar distance: 0x0 mm Platen size: 1280 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: UNILOG B6 Additional equipment: Gjdpfx Akezy Ikzjaskb Vertical injection moulding machine with rotary table Hybrid machine: high-speed, energy-saving, and very quiet Air valve x 5 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Hot runner control x 12 Injection unit is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant Rotary table diameter: 1500 mm Rotary table driven by a servomotor, controlled by an inverter Dimensions: Weight: 11,300 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.83x1.50x4.07 m All machines offered are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Krauss Maffei KM 161-540 PX / Electric Machine Year of manufacture: 2019 Injection unit: Gkjdpfx Akozy Inyjajb Screw diameter: 40 mm Shot weight: 206 g Injection pressure: 2377 bar Dosing volume: 226 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 160 t Tie bar spacing: 520x470 mm Platen size: 710x660 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle Control: MC6 - Touchscreen Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition Electric machine: energy-saving and very quiet Operating hours: approx. in automatic operation Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve with vacuum x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Control with hot runners x 15 Injection unit is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant Main motor of the machine - servomotor driven by an inverter - energy saving Central lubrication Parallel movements Automatic tool height adjustment Dimensions: Weight: 13200 kg Length/Width/Height: 5.60x1.72x1.95 m All machines offered are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Wittmann Battenfeld EcoPower 110/350 / All-Electric Machine / Operating hours: approx. 15,000 in automatic mode Year of manufacture: 2019 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 35 mm Shot weight: 153.8 g Injection pressure: 2083 bar Dosage volume: 168 cc Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 110 t Tie bar spacing: 470 x 420 mm Platen size: 682 x 682 mm Ejector: electric Clamping unit: toggle lever Gkjdpfxjzy Ilre Akaeb Control system: UNILOG B8 - Touchscreen Additional features: Machine in excellent technical condition All-electric machine: energy-efficient and very quiet Operating hours: approx. 15,000 in automatic mode Total operating hours: 21,800 Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 1 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Hot runner control system Injection unit is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant Central lubrication Dimensions: Weight: 4,800 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.91 x 1.42 x 2.10 m All machines offered are started up by our service technicians prior to sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Battenfeld EcoPower SE 300/1330 / Electric machine Year of manufacture: 2012 Gjdjzy Ii Ropfx Akajkb Injection unit: Screw diameter: 50 mm Injection weight: 491.4 g Injection pressure: 2470 bar Metering volume: 540 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 300 t tie bar distance: 770x720 mm size of clamping platens: 1090x1170 mm ejector: electric clamping unit: toggle lever control: UNILOG B6 - touch screen Additional equipment: electric machine: high speed, energy saving and very quiet Machine in very good technical condition Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 8 Control unit with hot runners x6 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Parallel movements It is possible to change the screw diameter for fi 45, 55, 65 mm Dimensions: Weight: 14100 kg Length/width/height: 7.20x2.04x2.20m Propulsion: Pumps/motor: 0 kW Heating power: 22 kW Total power: 0 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to get a video of technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests in our company in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, Arburg 1200T 800-150 / Vertical Injection Molding Machine with Rotary Table Year of Manufacture: 2005 Injection Unit: Screw Diameter: 25 mm Injection Weight: 45 g Injection Pressure: 2500 bar Dosing Volume: 54 cc Clamping Unit: Clamping Force: 80 t Tiebar Distance: 0 x 0 mm Clamping Platen Size: 1200 mm Ejector: Hydraulic Clamping Unit: Hydraulic Control System: SELOGICA Additional Equipment: Air Valves x 6 Hydraulic Core Pullers x 6 Gkjdpfxszy Ihts Akaeb Control System with Hot Runners Injection Unit Hardened - Bimetal Rotary Table Diameter: 1200 mm Kistler Sensor - Mold Pressure Control Machine serviced by the authorized Arburg Service Center in Germany Dimensions: Weight: 7400 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.92 x 1.61 x 3.78 m Drive: Pump/Motor: 22 kW Heating power: 9.4 kW Total power: 31.4 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. You can receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, Arburg 370S 600-70 Year of manufacture: 2008 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 25 mm Shot weight: 40 g Injection pressure: 1,550 bar Metering volume: 44 cm³ Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 60 t Tie bar spacing: 370 x 370 mm Platen size: 510 x 510 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Gkedpfx Akszy Ifxoaeb Additional equipment: - Euromap 67 - Robot interface - 8x air valves - 1x hydraulic core pull - Controller for hot runner (6 zones) - Injection unit: hardened, bimetallic - Integrated sorting flap - Integrated original Arburg side gate picker - Option to set up vertical injection unit using special brackets - Screw diameter can be changed to 22, 25, or 30 mm Dimensions: Weight: 3,160 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.48 x 1.46 x 2.03 m All machines offered are started and tested by our technicians prior to sale. A video of the technical tests for the selected machine can be provided, or live technical tests can be attended at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, Engel ES 1350/275 HL with Engel ERC 53/1-E Robot / Machine in very good technical condition Year of manufacture: 2001 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 60 mm Shot weight: 547 g Injection pressure: 1834 bar Metering volume: 618 cm³ Clamping unit: Clamping force: 275 t Tie bar distance: 0x0 mm Platen size: 1050x900 mm Ejector: hydraulic Gkodozy Iwbopfx Akajb Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: CC 100 Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition Operating hours: 35,819 h in automatic mode Tie-barless machine Hydraulic core pull x 3 Hot runner control x 16 Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Machine has been regularly serviced by authorized Engel service Dimensions: Weight: 20,000 kg Length/Width/Height: 7.10x2.15x2.30 m All offered machines are started and tested by our service technicians before sale. You can request a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests at our facility in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Arburg 470C 1500-675 Year of manufacture: 2004 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 60 mm Injection weight: 427 g Injection pressure: 1440 bar Metering volume: 508 ccm Clamping unit: clamping force: 150 t tie bar distance: 470x470 mm size of clamping platens: 685x685 mm ejector: hydraulic clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA Additional equipment: Euromap 12 Robot interface Core pull control Injection unit hardened - bimetal Parallel movements Dimensions: Weight: 4660 kg Length/width/height: 5.00x1.93x2.22 m Drive: Pumps/motor: 30 kW Gsdpfx Aszy I Hiekaskb Heating power: 14,9 kW Total power: 44,9 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to get a video of technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests in our company in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, Arburg 470C 1500-400 with robot Wittmann W721 Year of manufacture: 12.2006 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 40 mm injection weight: 184 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Metering volume: 201 ccm Clamping unit: clamping force: 150 t tie bar distance: 470x470 mm size of clamping platens: 650x650 mm ejector: hydraulic clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - touch screen Additional equipment: Euromap 67 Robot interface Control with air valve Hydraulic core pull x 1 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Built-in conveyor belt and sorting flap Robot Wittmann W721 Year of manufacture: 2006 4-axis robot: 3 axes are driven by servo motors (electric); axis C - pneumatic Travels in axes: X-550, Y-1200, Z-3000 Touch control panel The safety package for robots Robot with adapter Purchase of the robot for an additional charge Dimensions: Weight: 4900 kg Length/width/height: 4.44x1.63x2.09 m Drive: Pumps/motor: 18.5 kW Heating power: 10,2 kW Total power: 28,7 kW All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. Gjdozy I Hpspfx Akaskb It is possible to get a video of technical tests of the selected machine or participate in live technical tests in our company in Łódź. Price: Upon request

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, - Fagor 8055 CNC control - Additional tank for internal spindle cooling (15 bar) 400 liters - Year of construction 2005 Technical data: - Travel X/Y/Z: 610 / 455 / 520 mm - Rapid traverse: 24 m/min - Working spindle speed: 8000 rpm Gedpfx Aetvf Htokaekb - Tool holder: BT40 - Table size: 762 x 363 mm - Maximum table load: 350 kg - Motor power: 18 kW - Operating voltage: 400 V - Weight: 3140 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, We are offering several Dürkopp Adler industrial automatic pocket sewing machines from our garment production facility. The machines are designed for the automatic production of piped, flap, and welt pockets and are suitable for industrial trouser, jacket, and garment production. Machines available: • Dürkopp Adler 739 991001 K3 – BVL Automatic 2015 • Dürkopp Adler 745-34-2A – Piped/Welt Pocket Automatic – 30 mm – 2 units • Dürkopp Adler 745-34-2B – Automatic Pocket Sewing Machine – 10/16 mm • Dürkopp Adler 1970 Automatic Sewing Unit for attaching pocket facings The Dürkopp Adler 745 series is designed for the automatic sewing of piped pockets, flap pockets, and welt pocket openings. Depending on the machine configuration, the units are equipped for different pocket widths and production applications. The machines come from an industrial garment factory and were used in professional production. Important: This advertisement covers several machines. The main machine advertised is the Dürkopp Adler 745-34-2B, but the other machines listed above are also available for sale individually or as a package. Photos in the advertisement show the different machines currently available. Location: Romania Quantity: Multiple machines available Sale: Individual machines or complete package Price: On request / depending on machine and quantity Inspection of the machines can be arranged. For serious buyers, additional photos, machine identification details, and videos can be provided upon request. We are open to offers for individual machines as well as for the complete package. Gkedpfx Akjzzkurjasb

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008606, Max. panel width: 3200 mm Max. panel length: 1000 mm No of Bottom Units: 5 No of Top Units: 2 Gkedpfx Akozqz Rcsasb Positioning of Units by NC: yes Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007243, Max. machinable height: 120 mm Gsdpfxsy Nkpbs Akajkb Maximum machinable width: 230 mm Max. forward feed speed: 12 m/min Operator shafts number: 4

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008601, Max. panel width: 3200 mm Max. panel length: 1000 mm Godpfx Akszbrnheajkb No of Bottom Units: 6 No of Top Units: 4 Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: used, Elektrischer Eckenrunder / Electric Corner Rounder Pescha EK 100 Elektrischer Eckenrunder / Electric Corner Rounder Pescha EK 100 mit 3 Werkzeugen / with 3 Set of Blades Serial-No. 202 076 Geschwindigkeit / Speed max. 50 cycles/min Online-Video-Inspection by WhatsApp - MS Zoom - Telegram On Stock Emskirchen/Nürnberg - Available Immediately - Can be test Godpfozz A N Usx Akaekb