Used Long Hole Drilling for sale (18,479)

Condition: new, column diameter: 432messurements (LxWxH): 3050 x 1185 x 3050weight approx.: 5600drilling performance: Stahl (S235JR) - 70Clamping table length: 1000Clamping table height: 500connected load: 11speed range: 44 - 1023Number of speed ranges: 29 - 1575traverse path - x: 1185traverse path - y: 1000Versatile application range, e.g., drilling, reaming, threading Electrically braked motor 24V DC electrical system and 2-channel safety circuit according to DIN EN 12717 Heavy, massive, high-quality cast construction Wide reach thanks to horizontally adjustable machine head Clearly arranged control panel Smooth swivel and travel axes Elaborately designed column swivel with optimized clamping for maximum stability and minimal clamping offset Robust, torsion-resistant construction of the arm Height adjustment of the arm via powerful motorized drive and lifting spindle Drill head gearbox running in an oil bath Arm guideways hardened and precision ground Gear wheels made of chrome-nickel steel, hardened and precision ground, resulting in quieter and smoother operation Drill head and column can be clamped or released together or separately Right-left rotation Massive, precise drill table, generously dimensioned Hardened and ground worktable with parallel T-slots Machine light Overload protection Thick-walled cast column ensures smooth running and stability LED lamp Coolant system with coolant tank integrated in the machine base Model: RD 6 / RD 7 Column is hydraulically clamped Lrsdpfx Afjwruk Uozsw

Year of construction: 2012, condition: used, Used machine Year of manufacture: 2012 Equipment and technical data: Axes: X-axis: - Max. workpiece length: unlimited - Min. workpiece length: 250 mm - Traverse speed: 0-25 m/min Y-axis: - Max. workpiece width: 1,000 mm - Min. workpiece width: 80 mm - Traverse speed: 0-50 m/min Ljdoxya Rgopfx Afzerw Z-axis: - Max. workpiece thickness: 60 mm - Min. workpiece thickness: 10 mm - Traverse speed: 0-20 m/min Minimum and maximum workpiece sizes depend on the weight and on the length-to-width ratio! Units: 16-fold drilling head: - Vertical spindles in X direction: 5 pcs. - Vertical spindles in Y direction: 5 pcs. - Horizontal double drilling spindle in X direction: 2+2 pcs. - Horizontal double drilling spindle in Y direction: 1+1 pcs. - Spindle spacing: 32 mm - Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm - Motor: 1.7 kW Grooving saw: - In X direction - Speed: 4,000 rpm - Max. saw blade diameter: 125 mm - Motor: 1.7 kW (Grooving saw is integrated in drilling head) Milling unit: - Speed: 1,000 to 18,000 rpm - Motor (frequency-controlled): 3.3 kW - Collet chuck: max. 25 mm - Includes integrated extraction control (During drilling, only the drilling head is extracted; during milling, only the milling unit is extracted) Extraction: - Volume: 2,000 m³/h - Air velocity: 25 - 30 m/sec - Extraction nozzle: 1 x 150 mm Software: MASTERWORK-MACHINE VERSION Required air pressure: 8 bar Air consumption: max. 750 l/min Air tables in the working area Roller table at infeed and outfeed Additional foldable roller table at infeed Panel measuring sensor Ball screw spindle and linear guides Rack and pinion drive Central lubrication DXF file import Dimensions: 1,990 x 2,410 x 1,510 mm Weight: 1,300 kg Availability: short-term Location: Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1970, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 50 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 200 mm spindle taper MK 4 spindle turning speed range 55 - 600 U/min table diameter 500 mm column diameter 180 mm feeds 0,07/0,11/0,16/0,22 mm/U Ledpfxovlah Hj Afzerw total power requirement 1,47 / 1,84 kW weight of the machine ca. 500 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,3 x 0,65 x 2,17 m Heavy-duty pillar drill with a 2-speed motor and speed adjustment via a pulley. This machine is available at a special price! Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, ELECTRONIC VERTICAL DRILLING MACHINE FOR GLASS MODEL: PRIAM MANUFACTURED IN 2025/ BRAND NEW Priam model is a two-spindle (double-sided) vertical glass drilling machine. It is designed for customers looking for a functional and easy-to-use machine that is also durable. When designing it, we went back to the old school of machine construction – on heavy, heat-treated steel bodies with mechanical solutions for subsequent easier operation and servicing. With this different approach to design and manufacturing, our machine ensures many years of trouble-free glass drilling, providing a multiple return on investment. To make sure that the components of our drill are made with due care, we manufacture them in Poland using local contractors. The main body is made on site, by our company, and then heat treated and processed further in local areas. This ensures that all production is carried out under our careful supervision, and any imperfections can be detected and corrected before the product reaches the customer. This ultimately also supports the local machinery industry. The product’s components are at the highest European level. Our suppliers include SIEMENS, HITACHI, UNITRONICS,SCHNEIDER,GARLOCK Mechanical components are accessible, while in-service replacement is simple and quick. The Expoglass Priam drill - functionality at the highest level: ⦁ 2 spindles (front and back) – allowing to drill the pane in a single pass – without turning it ⦁ Electronically controlled loading bar – in order to set the size of the bottom edge of the glass from the hole, you just need to enter the required size on the touch screen and the machine will automatically adjust to the right position Ledegq Dl Aspfx Afzorw ⦁ Quick drilling bit change mode – after pressing the drill bit change button, both spindles are automatically locked (they cannot be turned), the vertical table, located between both drilling bit, slides down – thus opening a large space between them. This means that the drill bits can be unscrewed without the use of a wrench, and there is plenty of space to perform this operation comfortably. ⦁ Automatic (electronic) measurement of the drill bits length and position – after the drill bits have been changed, the machine automatically calibrates them, measuring their length so that it knows the distance between the glass and the drilling end of each bit – very important in small plants where there are no series, but most of the holes are made individually ⦁ Automatic (electronic) calculation of spindle cavity depth – after automatic calibration of spindles, the machine measures the thickness of drilled glass by itself, by pressing the glass, and then selects the perfect values of cavities on its own. The operator's only task is to click the "drill" button, the process is completely automatic ⦁ Electronically controlled feed of the spindles – significantly increases machine capabilities, in addition to enabling the operation of most of the foregoing functionalities, it also makes the feed values perfectly adaptable to any situation and changeable with just a few clicks on the screen. This is illustrated, for example, by the fact that e.g. after drilling a 15 mm piece of glass, you take 10 seconds to change the settings, you can immediately drill a 2 mm glass pane without fear of cracking or chipping. And all this without the experience and "intuition" of the operator

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, TECHNICAL DATA AXES Max. workpiece dimensions X-Y-Z mm 3050 x 800 x 50 Min. workpiece dimensions X-Y-Z mm 300 x 90 x 10 Drilling/slotting working area mm 0 x 800/0 x 800 X axis stroke mm 750 Max. travel speed of X-Y axes m/min 25 DRILLING UNIT Vertical spindles Number 7 (4X-4Y one common) Horizontal spindles (along the Y axis) Number 2 (1+1) Horizontal spindles (along the X axis) Number 1 Fixed grooving saw (direction) X Grooving saw diameter mm 100 Max. grooving saw thickness mm 5 Motor power kW (HP) 1.5 (2) Spindle speed rpm 3350 Grooving saw speed rpm 4300 INSTALLATION Power supply V (Hz) 380 / 400 (50 / 60) Installed power KVA 4.5 Compressed air requirement bar 6 Compressed air consumption Nl/cycle 90 Extraction requirement m3 / h 1200 Extraction air speed m / sec 20 Extraction nozzle diameter mm 80+80 F10L Drilling unit Includes: - 7 independent vertical spindles - Drill chuck D10 mm - Distance between spindles 32 mm - 2 horizontal drilling heads, 1 in X direction with one drill, 1 double drilling head in Y direction (1 + 1 drill chuck D10 mm) - Speed 3350 rpm - 1 integrated sawing unit in X (max. Diameter 100 mm) - Saw blade speed 4300 rpm - Motor power 1.5 kW - Vertical pneumatic travel per spindle 70 mm - Horizontal pneumatic travel of the drilling unit. Positioning of the workpiece and drive of the work unit: A CNC-controlled suction cup clamps the workpiece and positions it sequentially under the work unit during machining. Movement in the X and Y axes takes place on THK guides with transmission to reinforced toothed rails. Movement in the Z axis is pneumatically controlled on ball-bushing guides with adjustable stop positioning. The positioning of the work units is carried out using technology and drives with DC motors. CNC CONTROL The control system was specially developed for use in drilling and milling machines. CN - 7" color screen with touchscreen function - Alphanumeric keyboard - Self-diagnosis and any error messages or malfunctions that may occur, in the operator's language Programming - Programming via the CN - Automatic optimization of drilling operations - Option of plate zero point shift - Option of saving and importing drilling programs via USB dongle - Option of importing drilling programs from CAD-CAM external software Configuration - User interface in the same language as the instruction manual Graphic representation of the unit configuration Vacuum suction cups "B-Power Vacuum suction cups with double vacuum connection, recommended for particularly porous panels (e.g. MDF light). Machine user interface software Xilog Maestro USB Hardware and software requirements: - Operating system: Windows XP Professional (SP2), Windows Vista or Windows 7 - Processor: Intel compatible, 2GHz min; Multicore processor recommended - Memory capacity: 1GB min., recommended 2GB - Free disk space: 5GB - Graphic card: Compatible OpenGL (The code includes a DVD for installation and a USB key) Xilog Maestro Features Programming - Parametric, graphic programming - Assisted programming with graphic and syntax help for drilling operations - Possibility to create and save machining macros Integrated additional functions - Self-diagnosis and possible error messages or malfunctions, in the operator's language - User interface in Ledpfx Ajvvi I Rjfzjrw

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7766 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Diameter of processed rods: 12mm/16mm/24mm - Sequence: - Input - 2 rubber feed rollers - 2-knife cutting head - Sleeve - 2 rubber feed rollers - 2 rubber idle rollers - 2 rotation speeds + forward/reverse - Interchangeable tool head - Feed motor 2×0.25kW - Main motor 3.1kW - Extraction nozzle diameter 90mm Ljdoxl D Itspfx Afzorw - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1140x770x1100mm - Weight: 136kg ADVANTAGES - Not repainted - Compact size - Interchangeable tool head - DTR technical documentation - Second-hand dowel making machine, in very good condition Net price: 6,500 PLN Net price: 1,550 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, working width: 5020: ca. 140: Drehstrom 230 V / 400 V - 1,5bending angle (max.): 180bending length: 5020 - HIGH PROFITABILITY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - HIGH QUALITY STEEL - EVEN CONTACT PRESSURE Lodpfx Aferzx Ebozjrw - HAND CUTTER - WITH PROFILING DEVICE - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for plumbers and large and small sheet metal processing companies. It is particularly characterized by its simple and sophisticated design and is not susceptible to repairs. The RULI long bending machine works fully hydraulically; clamping and bending are each controlled with a small lever. The pendulum-mounted and vertically closing upper beam enables contact pressure to be evenly distributed over the entire length and prevents the sheet metal from shifting during clamping. 2 degree scales allow you to read and adjust the individual bending angles. The machine is installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (min. 12 cm).

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, Used machine Year of manufacture: 1989 Equipment and technical data: - 2-jaw drill chuck for up to 20 mm shank diameter Ledpfx Afewkba Hozerw - Pneumatic position adjustment on 2 levels, 0-100 mm - Max. drilling depth 150 mm - Precision indexing rail 12 mm - Central locking and cross adjustment - 2 pneumatic safety clamping cylinders - Motor 1.5 kW - Speed 2800 rpm Dimensions (without stop): 1100 x 1100 x 1500 mm Weight: approx. 310 kg Availability: short-term Storage location: Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, total length: 4,300 mm, total width: 1,880 mm, total height: 2,350 mm, Empty weight: 1.310 kg - Year: 2016 - Documentation available: No Lodpfxsxy Rk Rj Afzerw - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AB/226310 - Transport dimensions: 4300mm x 1880mm x 2350mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 1310kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: new, The SSB F 60 Super VT PRO is a cutting-edge Column Drilling Machine that exemplifies KNUTH's commitment to delivering robust and precise machining solutions. Designed for versatile operations, this machine excels in drilling, countersinking, reaming, and tapping, making it a perfect fit for workshops tasked with single and small series production, especially in steel construction and maintenance of large systems. The machine features an electronically controlled servo quill feed complete with a large touchscreen control panel for intuitive operation and effortless selection of machining parameters. Its heavy-duty construction, characterized by a durable cast iron build, ensures high drilling and thread cutting capacity, while the motorized table height adjustment and ± 45° swivel range enhance flexibility during use. With standard features including automatic thread cutting cycles, an efficient coolant system, and a comprehensive accessory set, the SSB F 60 Super VT PRO stands out as an invaluable tool in any professional setting. You can order online today to elevate your machining capabilities with this precision-engineered drilling machine from KNUTH. Lsdoq Rdqnopfx Afzjrw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Drilling capacity: 25 mm, spindle mount: MK 3 Storage location: Nattheim Ljdpfovvi Aujx Afzsrw

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7717 Lodsw Tii Tepfx Afzjrw TECHNICAL DATA - Workpiece length: 2780mm - Workpiece width: 800mm - Main motor: 4.2kW - Grinding belt width: 150mm - Right/left rotation - Electric table height adjustment (up/down) - Extraction nozzle diameter: 180mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 4000x1520x1540mm - Weight: 637kg ADVANTAGES – Not repainted – Electric table adjustment – Used sander, in very good condition Net price: 9500 PLN Net price: 2260 euros depending on the exchange rate, 4.2 euro (Prices may vary in case of significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, column diameter: 210messurements (LxWxH): 1260 x 700 x 2180weight approx.: 1120drilling performance: Stahl (S235JR) - 32column diameter: 210Drilling table T-slot size: 19Drilling table T-slot spacing: 171Clamping table length: 600Clamping table height: 380connected load: 3Maximum spindle to drilling table distanc: 1060speed range: 73 - 1247Number of speed ranges: 6 Lrodpfx Ajwrukuefzow

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Used machine Year of manufacture: 1993 Features and technical data: 2-jaw drill chuck up to 20 mm shank diameter Pneumatic positioning adjustment on 2 levels 0-100 mm Max. drilling depth: 150 mm Precision indexing rail 12 mm Center locking and cross adjustment 2 pneumatic safety clamping cylinders Motor 1.5 kW Speed: 2800 rpm Long hole drilling device, lowerable, with 2 program cams Machine weight approx. 310 kg Machine dimensions (W x D x H): 1100 x 1100 x 1500 mm (without stop) Availability: short-term Location: Röllbach Lrsdpfx Ajw I Uy Tofzew

Year of construction: 2003, condition: ready for operation (used), Main Drive Spindle speed range 10000 Movement X-Axis Movement 1600 mm X-Axis Rapid Traverse 20000 mm/min Y-Axis Movement 1200 mm Y-Axis Rapid Traverse 20000 mm/min Z-Axis Movement 500 mm Z-Axis Rapid Traverse 20000 mm/min W-Axis Movement 1200 mm Table Number of tslots 5 Table load 10000 kg Tools Type of tool holder SK 50 Lredpfxexx Dt Ns Afzow This 3-axis BUCK TBFZ 1600 drilling machine was manufactured in 2003. It features a robust table size of 1500x1500 mm, capable of handling loads up to 10,000 kg. The spindle supports SK 50 tool shanks and operates with a motor power of 30 kW, achieving speeds up to 10,000 rpm. Ideal for heavy-duty drilling, this machine offers a comprehensive range of motion with X, Y, Z, and W axes travel paths and a B-axis rotary table. Contact us for more information. Application Types Other Machine Tools

Condition: used, Universal Tool Milling Machine DECKEL Type FP 1 Machine No. 51265 Year of manufacture: approx. 1967 Travel paths X: 300 mm Y: 150 mm Z: 340 mm Table size 600 x 200 mm Spindle taper SK 40 - S20 x 2 Spindle speed 40–2000 rpm, 16 steps Motor power 1.0 and 1.6 kW, pole-changing Power supply 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Feed on X and Z axes - Spindle speed via 2 motor speeds and 8 gear steps - Quill movement at vertical milling head 60 mm - Swiveling, rotating, and tilting angle table - Coolant pump in machine base - Separate control cabinet Space requirements L x W x H 1100 x 1100 x 1600 mm Weight 690 kg In good condition Lrsdpfxsghtvaj Afzew

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10604 Manufacturer: UNION Type: TC 110 Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC Control: SINUMERIK 840 D Powerline Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany X-Travel: 2000 mm Y-Travel: 1250 mm Z-Travel: 1000 mm W-Axis: 550 mm Table Height: 1050 mm Spindle Diameter: 110 mm Number of T-slots: 10 Max. Workpiece Weight: 6000 kg Clamping Area: 1250 mm T - groove width: 22 mm T - slot spacing: 125 mm Tool Taper: ISO 50 Max. Torque: 1639 Nm Feed Speeds X/Y/Z Axis: 6000 mm / min Rapid Traverse X-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Travel Y-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Traverse Z-Axis: 15000 m / min Feed Capacities X/Y/Z: 16000 x 16000 x 20000 N swivel angle: 360 ° Lrsdexxpc Aspfx Afzew

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1992, With VE 320 electronic Year of manufacture: 1992 Drilling capacity in steel: 32 mm Thread cutting device Mechanical feed infinitely variable via potentiometer Clamping surface table: 500 mm x 360 mm Drilling depth adjustment with digital display Protective device Lrodpfx Ajxc Iw Hofzew Drilling depth: 150 mm Spindle taper: MK 3 Spindle speeds 140 rpm – 1400 rpm stepless with digital display Drill table illumination

Condition: new, working width: 3010: ca. 140: Drehstrom 230 V / 400 V - 1,5bending angle (max.): 180bending length: 3010 - HIGH PROFITABILITY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - HIGH QUALITY STEEL - EVEN CONTACT PRESSURE - HAND CUTTER - WITH PROFILING DEVICE - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT Lredjrzx Dwopfx Afzow The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for plumbers and large and small sheet metal processing companies. It is particularly characterized by its simple and sophisticated design and is not susceptible to repairs. The RULI long bending machine works fully hydraulically; clamping and bending are each controlled with a small lever. The pendulum-mounted and vertically closing upper beam enables contact pressure to be evenly distributed over the entire length and prevents the sheet metal from shifting during clamping. 2 degree scales allow you to read and adjust the individual bending angles. The machine is installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (min. 12 cm).

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, Ref. -No.: 10600 Manufacturer: G.BREDA Type: R 55 2000 Year of construction: 1989 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Italy Machine-No.: 16XXXXX Spindle Taper: MK 5 Clamping Area: 1000 - 1700 mm Automatic feeds: 0,06 - 1,00 mm / rev Spindle Speed: 30 - 1200 RPM Drive Capacity - Spindle Motor: 400 V / 5,5 kW Bore Capacity In Steel (Diameter): 55 mm Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 4800 t Dimensions Of The Machine Ca.: 2,99 x 1,12 x 2,85 m Drill spindle stroke: 240 mm Drilling performance reaming: 80 mm Thread cutting: M 40 approx. Further information: - Reach min. / max. / 320 / 2005 mm - Column diameter 360 mm - Boom stroke 855 mm - Spindle - base plate approx. 1000 - 1700 mm - E - Central clamping - Cube table Lrjdoxxpcpepfx Afzew - Hydraulic vice - Coolant device The machine can be viewed under power by arrangement.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1996, Universal tool milling machine KUNZMANN WF 4/3 With 3 axes Heidenhain digital readout Year of construction: 1996 Lrjdpfx Afeq Ulucjzjw Travels: X 400 Y 320 Z 400 Speed range: 40 - 2550 rpm With the following accessories: Rigid angle table 800 mm x 360 mm clamping surface Mechanical handwheels for X , Y , Z axis Hydraulic tool clamping Automatic central lubrication pump for X , Y , Z axis Machine light 4-piece machine shoes Coolant device Operating instructions THE MACHINE WAS ONLY USED FOR APPRENTICE TRAINING !!! THE MACHINE IS IN GOOD CONDITION !!!

Condition: new, working width: 5020: ca. 140: Drehstrom 230 V / 400 V - 1,5bending angle (max.): 180bending length: 5020 - HIGH PROFITABILITY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - HIGH QUALITY STEEL - EVEN CONTACT PRESSURE - HAND CUTTER - WITH PROFILING DEVICE - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT Lodpsrzx Efjfx Afzsrw The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for plumbers and large and small sheet metal processing companies. It is particularly characterized by its simple and sophisticated design and is not susceptible to repairs. The RULI long bending machine works fully hydraulically; clamping and bending are each controlled with a small lever. The pendulum-mounted and vertically closing upper beam enables contact pressure to be evenly distributed over the entire length and prevents the sheet metal from shifting during clamping. 2 degree scales allow you to read and adjust the individual bending angles. The machine is installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (min. 12 cm).

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, Ref. -No.: 10582 Manufacturer: SCHARMANN Type: FB 75 Opticut Year of construction: 1992 Type of control: CNC Control: Heidenhain 426 Storage location: Halberstadt Lredpfxjxxpccs Afzsw Country of origin: Germany Machine-No.: 141XXXX X-Travel: 850 mm Y-Travel: 1000 mm Z-Travel: 700 mm Tool Taper: SK 40 Turning Speeds: 15 - 1250 RPM spindle quill: 75 mm

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1999, Universal Tool Milling Machine TOS FNGJ 32 3-axis Heidenhain digital readout Year of manufacture: 1999 Travel: X 600 Y 400 Z 400 mm Spindle speed range: 40 – 2000 rpm Supplied with the following accessories: Fixed angle table, 800 x 400 mm clamping surface Vertical milling head Extendable quill Various SK 40 tool holders Safety guard Chip tray Lodpfxexc It Is Afzerw Machine lamp Automatic central lubrication pump for X, Y, Z axes Coolant system 4 machine leveling pads

Condition: new, working width: 6020 x 1000: ca. 140weight approx.: 2 tomessurements (LxWxH): ca. 7000 x 1700 x 1500: Drehstrom 230 V / 400 V - 1,5bending angle (max.): 180bending length: 6020 Ljdpfx Ajrzx Eiefzjrw - HIGH PROFITABILITY - FULLY HYDRAULIC - HIGH QUALITY STEEL - EVEN CONTACT PRESSURE - HAND CUTTER - WITH PROFILING DEVICE - ELECTRONIC ANGLE ADJUSTMENT The RULI long folding machine is the ideal machine for plumbers and large and small sheet metal processing companies. It is particularly characterized by its simple and sophisticated design and is not susceptible to repairs. The RULI long bending machine works fully hydraulically; clamping and bending are each controlled with a small lever. The pendulum-mounted and vertically closing upper beam enables contact pressure to be evenly distributed over the entire length and prevents the sheet metal from shifting during clamping. 2 degree scales allow you to read and adjust the individual bending angles. The machine is installed on a concrete floor or ceiling (min. 12 cm).