Used Rippa R10 Eco for sale (6,603)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 24 months, input voltage: 230 V, total length: 700 mm, total width: 505 mm, total height: 870 mm, tank capacity: 20 l, empty load weight: 105 kg, power: 1.3 kW (1.77 HP), New machine with a 24-month warranty Advantages: + Tested with various doughs by our master baker and pastry chef + Very robust construction, power transmission via belt drive + No high-voltage power required – operation with 230V possible! + With 4 legs and a permanently installed bowl + Mobile machine, on swivel wheels with parking brake + Short kneading times with excellent results + With reverse gear, for mixing the ingredients before the kneading process + 10 kneading speeds, for particularly gentle to intensive kneading + 2 timers, with switch-over and shut-off automation + Ideally suited for the smallest batches + Bowl, center rod and spiral made of stainless steel + Transparent flour dust cover with shut-off automation + Fast spare parts supply within 1-2 working days Technical data: - Flour capacity: 1 - 8 kg - Dough capacity: 1.5 - 12 kg - Bowl volume: approx. 20 liters - Motor power: 1.3 kW (kneading spiral & bowl drive) - RPM at 50Hz (level 1 - 10) spiral: 65 - 320 - RPM at 50Hz (level 1 - 10) bowl: 6.5 - 32 Gijdpfxsivdyys Actjw - Connection values: 230V - 1 phase - 50Hz - Dimensions in mm: 505 x 700 x 870 (W x D x H) - Height with flour dust cover open: 1010 mm - Height, top edge of bowl: 560 mm - Net weight: 105 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 24 months, input voltage: 230 V, total length: 825 mm, total width: 520 mm, total height: 950 mm, tank capacity: 30 l, empty load weight: 130 kg, power: 1.8 kW (2.45 HP), New machine with a 24-month warranty. Advantages: + Tested with various doughs by our master baker and pastry chef Giodjivdy Dspfx Actow + Very solidly built, power transmission via belt drive + No high-voltage power required – operation with 230V is possible! + With 4 support legs and a permanently installed bowl + Mobile machine, on swivel wheels with parking brake + Short kneading times with excellent results + With reverse gear, for mixing the ingredients before the kneading process + 10 kneading speeds, for particularly gentle to intensive kneading + 2 timers, with switch-over and shut-off function + Ideally suited for smaller batches + Bowl, center bar, and spiral made of stainless steel + Transparent flour dust cover with shut-off function + Fast supply of spare parts within 1-2 working days Technical data: - Flour capacity: 1.5 - 12 kg - Dough capacity: 2.5 - 18 kg - Bowl volume: approx. 30 liters - Motor power: 1.8 kW (kneading spiral & bowl drive) - RPM at 50Hz (level 1 - 10) spiral: 65 - 320 - RPM at 50Hz (level 1 - 10) bowl: 6.5 - 32 - Connection values: 230V - 1 phase - 50Hz - Dimensions in mm: 520 x 825 x 950 (W x D x H) - Height with flour dust cover open: 1260 mm - Height, top edge of the bowl: 580 mm - Net weight: 130 kg

Condition: used, Technical details: tank capacity: - l voltage: 230 / 50 V / Hz weight of the machine approx.: Anlage ist demontiert kg OSMOSIS SYSTEM The system has been dismantled. We are selling the system/parts at cost price! Gijdpju Nw Ensfx Actsw Areas of application, e.g.: All types of contaminants are filtered out. e.g. bacteria, viruses, pesticides, nitrate, fertilizer residues, lime, salts The system was preserved in 2014. i.D. *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Micoflow insulator - Glovebox Glovebox insulator The device is unused. with microfilter extraction unit type 112108614A36, flow rate 1870 m³/h with 2 airlocks (for feeding and discharging work materials) Inlet/outlet size: W:400 x D:260 x H:430 mm ilumination 2x glove ports Castors (appliance can be moved) Front panel made of polycarbonate Interior dimensions: W:1200 x D:650 x H:100 mm Machine dimensions: W: 2100 x D: 850 x H: 2100 mm Weight: approx. 400 kg * Godpevw I Npefx Actoiw

Condition: used, Technical details: tank capacity: - l Gedpfx Aou Nw Hlsctsiw voltage: 230 / 50 V / Hz weight of the machine approx.: Anlage ist demontiert kg OSMOSIS PLANT *

Year of construction: 1998, condition: good (used), Offer 26141 Technical specifications: - Negative pressure cabin with viewing window - Work area size: approx. W 530 x H 400 x D 450 mm - Front door that folds upwards, with access openings for operation - Blast chamber accessible by hand for operating the blasting gun - Viewing window: 280 x 180 mm Godpszgchbsfx Actoiw - Abrasive recovery system - Pressure reducer with water separator - Foot pedal - Base frame: W 900 x H 600 x D 900 mm - Drive: 400 V / 0.55 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 900 x H 1800 x D 900 mm - Weight: approx. 200 kg

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, operating pressure: 140 bar, empty load weight: 94 kg, input voltage: 230 V, warranty duration: 6 months, temperature: 155 °C, KARCHER HDS 558 C Eco HOT WATER PRESSURE WASHER This device features new accessories, including a German R+M gun, a stainless steel lance, a steel braided hose, and a 25° power nozzle. Giedpfx Aozb Ertjctew A durable brass head with new ceramic pistons and seals guarantees long and trouble-free operation. A highly efficient single-phase motor ensures stable operation even during prolonged use. With operating parameters of 140 bar and 550 l/h, the machine can be effectively used for heavy-duty work in construction, logistics, and agriculture. Each device we offer has individually taken photos; you are buying exactly what you see. TECHNICAL DATA: Model: HDS 558 C Eco Power supply (V): 230 Capacity (l/h): 290-550 Pressure (bar): 30-140 Maximum temperature (°C): 80/155 Connected power (kW): 3.2 Fuel tank (l): 16 Fuel consumption (kg/h): 3 Weight (kg): 94 Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm): 940 x 600 x 740 EQUIPMENT: NEW durable pressure gun from the German brand R+M NEW stainless steel pressure lance NEW reinforced 10m steel braided pressure hose NEW 25° power nozzle WATER FILTER AND GEKA CLAW COUPLINGS - FREE KEY FEATURES: Open oil system - no operating time limits Built-in chemical tank allows for dosing of cleaning fluid directly through the machine Very clear and intuitive control panel Simple design and easy access to individual components under the housing make The machine is user-friendly and easy to service. The RM110 water softener tank prevents corrosion and scale buildup inside the heating coil and other pipes.

Condition: used, Drying machine HENRI PETIT JEAN Eco 600A Gjdpfx Acsyvk Scsteiw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: chip conveyor, X - 2,320 mm, Y - 1,980 mm, Z - 860 mm, with B, C, A axes, HF spindle, 7 kW, 12,000 - 40,000 rpm, max. 5.5 Nm. Sinumerik 840 D Giodpfx Aowvqmyectjw

Condition: good (used), input voltage: 400 V, working width: 600 mm, total width: 3,480 mm, total length: 1,400 mm, total height: 2,640 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,000 kg, König Eco Twin 800 Dough divider and rounding machine Classic König Rex, 6-row Gjdpfx Acsx Ncc Tjtjiw with spreading belt, proofing cabinet Deposition device for 60x80 trays Stainless steel design Connection: 400V, 16A CEE plug Dimensions: approx. 3480 x 1400 x 2640 mm (W x D x H) Used machine We have other bakery machines in stock!

Year of construction: 2019, condition: excellent (used), Memmert ICH 750 L eco – ex demo (2019) – L version with lighting We offer a Memmert ICH 750 L eco climate chamber, L version (with lighting), from 2019. This unit comes directly from the manufacturer's showroom and has been used very little. It is in very good technical and visual condition. Key features: * Model: ICH 750 L eco (L version – with lighting) * Year: 2019 (ex demo) * Capacity: approx. 750 liters * Temperature range: * without humidity: 0°C to +60°C * with humidity: 0°C to +60°C * Humidity range: 10–80% RH * Energy-efficient ECO cooling system * Digital controller with intuitive operation * Stainless steel chamber L version – lighting: * Integrated lighting system (light + UV) * Ideal for photostability testing (e.g., according to ICH Q1B) * Uniform illumination of samples * Possibility of operation in day/night cycles Equipment and advantages: * Precise temperature and humidity control * Very good uniformity of conditions within the chamber Godpfx Aceymy Utetsiw * Quiet and stable operation * Reliability and high-quality Memmert construction Condition: Ex demo unit – minimal signs of use, fully functional, tested before sale. Additional information: Upon request, we can send photos, a video of the unit in operation, or conduct an online presentation. 9-month warranty on spare parts for the unit.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, total width: 3,700 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, empty load weight: 285 kg, DGUV certified until: 06/2028, electrical fuse: 16 A, opening width: 45 mm, space requirement length: 1,235 mm, space requirement width: 3,700 mm, type of input current: three-phase, NEW +++ Dough Sheeter Rondostar 4000 ECO +++ NEW Computer control / Touch panel for all types of dough for sheeting and lamination Stainless steel design, mobile with adjustable feet Sheeting thickness adjustable from 0.2 to 45 mm electrically Electric flour spreader Up to 635 mm product width Includes 2 dough rollers / manual reels Easy tool cleaning Max. 15 kg dough piece weight Dough collection trays on the left and right Only available from us, DGUV V3 certified Machine is mobile Connection: 400V, 16A-CEE plug Dimensions: 3700 x 1235 mm, WxD New machine & SAB certified With warranty Giodpfx Acex Ncdkjtsw Quality from a specialist company! Benefit from over 35 years of experience! Options: Automatic reels Maintenance contract Service package Spare parts box Trailing device Delivery service Instruction and commissioning We have other top dough sheeters in stock!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, warranty duration: 24 months, input voltage: 230 V, DGUV certified until: 06/2027, total length: 825 mm, total width: 520 mm, total height: 950 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, power: 1.8 kW (2.45 HP), electrical fuse: 10 A, spiral kneader Model: ECO 18 Kneading machine with mature and robust technology! LED control Dough machine with 2 timers 2 gears in 10 steps for min/max 2.5 to 18 kg of dough flour dust hood Giedom Tqykepfx Actsw Stainless steel boiler and spiral Machine mobile with 4 brakes DGUV V3 tested Connection 220V, 1.8 kW, Schuko plug Dimensions: 520 x 825 x 950 mm, WxDxH NEW machine With 24 months warranty TOP selection of bakery machines!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, fuel type: electric, Please contact Gebrauchtgeräte Center for more information Gijdpfxszfpahs Actsw

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 3 months, input voltage: 400 V, DGUV certified until: 06/2027, year of last overhaul: 2026, total length: 1,175 mm, total width: 800 mm, total height: 1,370 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, power: 9.6 kW (13.05 HP), electrical fuse: 32 A, Spiral mixer / dough machine Kemper Model: SP 75 ECO proven technology ... already tried and tested many times! simple manual control 2 speeds, 2 timers TOP mixing machine for doughs from 6 to 120 kg stainless steel bowl and spiral robust technology Dimensions: 800 x 1190 x 1280/1700 mm, W x D x H Connection 400V, 32A-CEE plug Used machine, refurbished with warranty + spare parts service Option: Delivery service Maintenance contract Service package E-Box Instruction and commissioning Gjdpfx Aswq Higectsiw We have many more TOP spiral mixers in stock!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, warranty duration: 24 months, input voltage: 230 V, DGUV certified until: 06/2028, total length: 700 mm, total width: 505 mm, total height: 870 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, power: 1.3 kW (1.77 HP), electrical fuse: 10 A, spiral kneader Model: ECO 12 Giodpfxomfnuis Actsw Kneading machine with mature and robust technology! LED control Dough machine with 2 timers 2 gears in 10 steps for min/max 1.5 to 12 kg of dough flour dust hood Stainless steel boiler and spiral Machine mobile with 4 brakes DGUV V3 tested Connection 220V, 1.3 kW, Schuko plug Dimensions: 505 x 700 x 870 mm, WxDxH NEW machine With 24 months warranty Visit our large bakery machine park!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, cutting diameter 335 mm Giodey Uy Svjpfx Actow capacity 90 degrees: flat 500 x 335 mm capacity 45 degrees: round 330 / 305 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat 320 x 335 / 305 x 335 mm capacity 60 degrees: round 180 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat 170 x 335 mm saw band length 4400 x 34 x 1,1 mm Control SIEMENS speed 15 - 150 m/min work height max. 750 mm material layer max. 250 kg/m coolant tank capacity 80.0 ltr. oil volume 30.0 ltr. power capacity 5.5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1980 kg range L-W-H 2900 x 2350 x 1900 mm current new price approx. 80.000 euros special price on request - in checked conditions - machinevideo - ?v=_FF5YAF3AUs Equipment: - MEBA double mitre bandsaw - fully automatic - with electric miter adjustment via servo motor * Adjustment right up to 60° / left up to 45° - Material feed 0 - 600 mm // with multiple feed 0 - 9999 mm - Infinitely variable lowering speed 0-300 mm/min - Saw blade speed via frequency-controlled AC drive (15-150 m/min) - Automatic cutting pressure and feed monitoring - Hydraulic full-stroke material clamping - Automatic movement of the clamping vices - Material feed via servo-controlled ball screw drive - roller conveyor - operating instructions Special accessories included : - MEBA hydraulic bundle tensioning device

Condition: used, Bütfering ECO 111 Electronic Wide-Belt Calibration and Fine Sanders Contact roller unit 85 SH CPS electronically controlled segmented pad Working width 1100 mm Terminal for various operating programs with selector switch and LED display Motor power approx. 11 kW Brush cleaning unit RTE additional compact roller table at infeed RTA additional compact roller table at outfeed Machine is FULLY REFURBISHED and in TOP CONDITION Available ex-stock Lieboch Gedpfx Acey Rzf Aetoiw

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, power: 11 kW (14.96 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, intake manifold diameter: 350 mm, year of last overhaul: 2020, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Schuko Intermediate Filter System “Eco Var 04” Professional dust extraction system Schuko Eco-Var 04 (year of manufacture 2004) – complete system including piping, control system, and emission permit. For sale is a powerful and fully functional industrial dust extraction system from the premium manufacturer Schuko, type Eco Var 04 (year of manufacture 2004). The system is ideally suited for woodworking companies for efficient extraction of chips and dust and is offered including an extensive pipe and control system infrastructure. Technical data & equipment • Manufacturer: Schuko • Model series: Eco Var 04 (intermediate filter system) • Year of manufacture: 2004 • Drive power: approx. 11 kW (powerful, efficient fan) Gjdpfx Aozddwgjctsiw • Discharge: Rotary valve airlock with 5 sealing lips (ensures safe, pressure-loss-free material discharge into containers, silos, or briquetting presses) Extensive accessories & infrastructure (included) • Pneumatic valves: approx. 20 units for automatic shut-off of individual machine connections. • Pipe & hose system: approx. 80 meters of robust extraction pipe including the corresponding flexible hoses. • Pneumatic infrastructure: compressed air connections including all associated pneumatic hoses for valve control. Product advantages & condition • Complete package: No tedious searching for individual parts – from the filter system to the piping and the complete control and pneumatic system, everything is available for workshop installation. • Robust industrial quality: The Eco-Var series from Schuko is known for its durability, high filter area, and reliability in daily workshop use. • Energy-efficient: Thanks to the approx. 20 pneumatic valves, the extraction performance is only provided where work is currently being carried out, which saves a lot of energy. Note for buyers: The system is in a well-maintained and fully functional condition, appropriate for its age. Inspection can be arranged.

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), Swing diameter over bed/facing slide: 330mm/260mm, max. turning diameter: 200mm, max. turning length: 450mm, travel X/Z: 160mm/450mm, rapid traverse: 30m/min, speed: 5000rpm, tool stations: 12, tool holder: VDI30, max. workpiece weight: 100kg. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3300mm/1750mm/2400mm, weight: approx. 3800kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Gijdpjzdkphsfx Actsw

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), A CNC universal lathe is available. Swing diameter over bed/facing slide: 680mm/465mm, max. turning diameter: 465mm, max. turning length: 1050mm, travel X/Z: 300mm/1050mm, rapid traverse: 20m/min, speed: 3250rpm, tool positions: 12, tool holder: VDI40. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3300mm/1950mm/2500mm, weight: approx. 7500kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Gedozdkpbspfx Actjiw

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 10,370 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,035 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, feed length X-axis: 1,035 mm, feed length Y-axis: 560 mm, feed length Z-axis: 510 mm, feed rate X-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 30 m/min, nominal power (apparent): 17 kVA, torque: 83 Nm, controller manufacturer: Siemens 810D, total height: 2,758 mm, total length: 3,137 mm, total width: 3,355 mm, table width: 560 mm, table length: 1,200 mm, table load: 1,000 kg, overall weight: 4,250 kg, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 13,362 h, number of slots in tool magazine: 20, tool length: 300 mm, tool diameter: 80 mm, tool weight: 6,000 g, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, - Year of manufacture: 2010 - Condition: good, used Giedszbhvbopfx Actew - Control: Siemens 810D - Table: 1200 x 560 mm - Travels: 1,035 x 560 x 510 mm - Spindle speeds: 20 - 8,000 rpm We are still working on this machine. It is a good machine.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Suitable for automatic machining of PCD-tipped milling cutters, shank tools, disc-shaped tools, and optionally profile tools using the disc electroerosion process. Accessories: Total enclosure, SK 40 or 50 workpiece carrier according to preference, Cooling unit for dielectric, Automatic fire extinguishing system, Gjdpsy T It Eefx Acteiw Measuring probe, SK 40 or 50 measuring mandrel depending on workpiece carrier, Alphanumeric keyboard for data management, Software package for peripheral machining of end mills and jointing cutters, linear machining in all common axis directions, Software package for compact and radius machining, profile cutters in path-travel and plunge-cutting processes, Software package for profile tools, 4-path program for peripheral electrodes, Software package for circular saws for complete machining of tooth backs and flanks of all common geometries, Automatic central lubrication, 1 short dressing holder, 1 mounting flange for erosion wheel. Machine is brand new!! Originally packed and full warranty from Vollmer! Cutter outer diameter: max. 250 mm Shank tool diameter: from 10 - 100 mm Outside diameter of disc-shaped tools: 380mm cutting length: Max. 20 mm Cutting length: Max. 20 mm Tangential clearance angle: max. 6 ° Radial clearance angle: -15° to + 6° Chamfering: automatic max. 70° X axis travel: 280 mm Z-axis travel: 330 mm workpiece carrier cone: SK 50 Y axis travel: 280 mm Workpiece carrier cone: SK 50 A-axis rotation range: 360° B-axis swivel range: +/- 30 ° Tool weight max: 20 kg clearance angle: 30° Dimensions L x W x H: = 1905 x 2520 x 2430 mm Connected load: 3.4 kW (400 V / 50 Hz) colour: grey RAL7045 / RAL 7047 Diameter of rotating electrode: Max. 150 mm Rotational electrode speed: 80 - 1500 rpm weight: approx. 3000 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Single-shaft shredder MRZ 530 Included: + Profile rotor for increased throughput Options: Double knife row + €895 net Veneer and paper scraper + €970 net * recommended for extremely thin materials with a thickness of less than 3 mm Our mütek single-shaft shredder MRZ 530 shreds a wide variety of materials, such as residual wood of all kinds, softwood, chipboard and hardboard, pallets, construction timber, demolition wood, carpet, cables, paper, cardboard and plastics. The machine is characterized by a robust design, which guarantees consistent quality in continuous operation. We would be happy to provide you with a free test using your material. We invite you to visit us in Neckartailfingen for this purpose. Alternatively, you can send us your material by freight forwarder, and we will document the test with pictures and videos. Machine data: Motor: 15 kW; 400 V - 50 Hz - 3 phase, Goded Db N Ispfx Acteiw Knives: multiple rotation, Rotor diameter: 260 mm, Control: Siemens S7-1200 PLC, Hopper (mm) 510 x 810 mm, Hopper volume approx. 0.4 m³, Throughput 1 - 5 hopper loads / h, Hydraulically operated slide, Screen size as required (10 - 40 mm), Suction nozzle Ø 160 mm, Weight approx. 1,000 kg, Dimensions approx. 1550 x 1100 x 1640 mm, Moisture content of the raw material: must be below 30% (oven-dry). Standard included: • Fast hydraulics • Profile rotor • Control cabinet with Siemens PLC control • Automatic star/delta start • Automatic OFF when the rotor is idle • Removable suction chute • Speed 70 - 100 rpm for higher throughput • Cyclic control to avoid idle times • Performance-enhancing step control of the hydraulic slide • Stable guides for the hydraulic slide Further shredder options: - Raise the shredder by 30 cm (preparation for conveyor belt) + €1,980 net - Inclined conveyor belt + €8,770 net Horizontal part: 1200 mm Ascending part: 2500 mm Angle: adjustable from 0-60 degrees Discharge height: approx. 2000 mm + - 100 mm - Overband magnet + €5,980 net - Control of conveyor belt and overband magnet + €2,750 net (Start and stop synchronized with the shredder) Requirements for the input/raw material: - The moisture content (oven-dry) must be below 30% - Metals and mineral impurities such as sand, stones, etc. lead to increased wear.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Delivery time approx. 3-4 months Shredder MRZ 830 Commodity code: 84659600 Feed opening 800x1000 mm Motor: 18.5/22 kW; 400 V - 50 Hz - 3-phase Blades: multiple, rotatable Hydraulically operated slide Screen opening as desired (10 - 40 mm) Suction nozzle Ø 200 mm Weight approx. 1,600 kg Dimensions (l x w x h) approx. 2290 x 1420 x 1750 mm Gisdpsd Dgw Ujfx Actjw Turbo coupling Standard features include: - Automatic star/delta starter - Fast hydraulics - Auto. OFF when the rotor is idle - Speed 70-90 rpm for high throughput - Cycle control to avoid idle times - Performance-enhancing stepped control of the hydraulic slide - Pertinax guides for the hydraulic slide - Vibration-damping machine feet - CE compliant The shredder is designed for shredding untreated wood, chipboard and MDF boards, and other materials after testing and approval by the manufacturer. Additional shredder options: - Raise shredder by 30 cm (preparation for conveyor belt) + €2,140 net - Articulating conveyor belt + €8,770 net Horizontal section: 1200 mm Rising section: 2500 mm Angle: adjustable from 0-60 degrees Discharge height: approx. 2000 mm + - 100 mm - Over-band magnet + €5,980 net - Control system for conveyor belt and over-band magnet + €2,750 net (Start and stop synchronized with the shredder) Requirements for the raw material: - Moisture content (as received) must be below 30% - Installation temperature: temperature-controlled room at a minimum of +5°C - Metals and mineral contaminants such as sand, stones, etc. will lead to increased wear.