Used Cross Cut Optimization for sale (20,674)

Condition: excellent (used), Optimizing cross-cut system GreCon type 2004 with infeed cross conveyor with outfeed conveyor with 4 ejectors with chain bed Technical specification: Max. width of workpieces: 250 mm Max. Thickness of workpieces: 80 mm Diameter of saw blade: 450 mm Cutting speed: 90 m/sec. Saw motor: 5,5 kW Bedpfen Hwl Aox Abtsll Control saw shaft: pneumatic Drive chain: servo motor Min. working width: 40 mm Min. input length: 500 mm Net weight: approx. 1.800 kg was overhauled and then no longer used Location: Austria, near Ried im Innkreis

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 209070, CASATI BIT 900/2000 veneer cross-cutting machine. Fully functional. Bsdpfx Aouna E Hsbtjll

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, Optimized miter saw Manufacturer: Reinhardt / Paul Type: SlimLine 110 Year of manufacture: 2023 Blodjzuy I Uopfx Abtsl Technical data - Working direction: from right to left - Wood type: MDF, chipboard, solid wood, Kerto, plywood - Wood length: 300 - 3000 mm - Wood width: 30 - 350 mm - Wood thickness: 15 - 110 mm - Minimum cross-section: 15 x 30 mm - Maximum cross-section: 58 x 125 mm - Miter length: 80 - 2700 mm - Processing: automatic miter cutting - Working height: 900 mm - Operating voltage: 400V / 50Hz / 3Ph - Motor: 5.5 kW 400VD / 690VY 50Hz - Feeding with 3 buffer positions - Electronic control with Windows 10 and Beckhoff TwinCAT - Full optimization without error cutting - Backlog monitoring - PALETTI PROCESS VIEWER - PALETTI OFFICE Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, I sell the automatic optimising end cutting saw Salvador Superpush 200, year 2012. Input table automatic feeding 5,10m (pusher system) Outut table 3,00m Total length: 9,00m Bedpfxoyi Suwo Abtsll Optimising with automatic cutting sequence modes. Available immediately. CE version. Documentation included.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1994, Automatic defect cross-cut system Wood width max. 260 mm Wood height max. 100 mm Saw 7.5 kW Feed 6,9 kW worked 1995 - 2012 approx. 4 hours/day Blodpfxjkv Unto Abtsl

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, total width: 1,500 mm, total length: 11,300 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, cutting width (max.): 350 mm, saw blade diameter: 550 mm, roll width: 430 mm, spindle diameter: 35 mm, cutting length (max.): 5,300 mm, hole diameter of the disc: 35 mm, CEMIL TR550 semi-automatic cross-cut saw Specification: Bodjwa Dhljpfx Abtsll • condition - used, ready to work • manufacturer - CEMIL • model - TR550 • max working width - 350 mm • max working height - 130 mm • maximum cutting length - 530 cm • blade diameter 550 mm • blade mounting spindle - 35 mm • blade speed - 3080 rpm • right, receiving table 505 cm long • left table 600 cm long • tables and feed 43 cm wide • adjustable cutting speed • adjustable pusher speed • possibility of working in automatic and manual cycle • in the machine, possibility of setting, among others length and number of cut elements, board length, waste length • extraction nozzle - fi 140 mm • weight approx. 280 kg • instructions in Italian, control partially translated into Polish • overall dimensions after unfolding - 11,300 cm x 150 x 180 cm (length x width x height) • body dimensions - 110 x 150 x 180 cm (length x width x height) Additional information: • very good, factory technical and visual condition • the photos show the actual condition of the item for sale • possibility of switching on and checking the device on site • the price given in the auction does not include VAT

Year of construction: 2015, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Technical specifications for the bale opening line for RDF, MSW, paper, and cardboard: Manufacturer: Cross Wrap Oy Ltd., Siilinjärvi, Finland Type: BO 4000 Year of construction: 2015 Number of bales opened: 674 Operating time: only 3 days, exclusively during the initial commissioning of the entire system upon new installation Opening time: approximately 45 seconds per bale Bale dimensions (W x H x L): 1100 x 1100 x 1400 – 1900 mm Max. bale weight: 2,000 kg System conveying height: 1,400 mm Max. system conveying width: 1,200 mm Material to be opened: RDF/MSW System availability: 98% Noise level of the bale opening line: 85 dB(A) Total connected load: 37 kW Rated current: 125 A Control panel: SIEMENS SIMATIC HMI Touch Controller: SIEMENS S7 ET200S Bodezp H R Eepfx Abtell Installation dimensions: 8,463 x 2,890 x 3,960 mm (L x W x H) Scope of supply: Infeed conveyor: 3,500 x 1,200 x 1,400 mm Feed conveyor to the opener: 1,500 x 1,200 x 1,400 mm Bale opener (gripper with knife) Special equipment: Oil heating in the hydraulic oil tank Control cabinet heating Oil cooler for hydraulic unit Explanation for the short operating time: The entire Cross Wrap bale opening line, type BO 4000, was installed in 2015 at a municipal waste incineration plant. The reason for installing the system was to ensure that municipal waste could continue to be accepted, compressed, wrapped, and stored even during an operational disruption or maintenance of the incineration plant until the disruption was resolved. Subsequently, all the bales were to be opened again, and the waste fed into the normal incineration process. This worst-case scenario never occurred. The system was installed, commissioned, and then never used in normal operation. Only during the commissioning and initial operation of the entire system in 2015 were 674 bales opened over three days. The system is in very good condition and is immediately ready for operation. Due to restructuring measures in the incineration plant, the installation space of the bale opener was needed. This means that the complete line is now available for sale. Brief description of the bale opening process: The compressed bales are placed on the infeed conveyor from the side or from the rear using a forklift. To open the bales, they must be positioned horizontally to the conveyor with the wire or twine binding; otherwise, the bales must be rotated by 90° beforehand. The opening conveyor brings one bale at a time in front of the cutting unit. The grippers hold the wires or the twine binding. The rotating knife cuts the bale lengthwise. After that, the gripper returns to its starting position. The opened bale is now conveyed via the conveyor to the discharge chute and then falls onto the subsequent conveyor system. Remarks: New price of the complete system: €296,000. The documentation (operating manual, CE declaration, electrical/hydraulic circuit diagram) is complete. The system has been dismantled into transportable units, stored, and is available for inspection and loading in the short term. We assume no liability for the technical data or any potential errors.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, New Optimizing saw SALVACUT 5000 by SALVAMAC Innovative high speed optimizing saw with optimization and elimination of wood defects, with double traction with upper rollers and lower feed belt with independent management. From an idea of Salvador Christian. Blodpen E Sl Refx Abtsl

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, warranty duration: 12 months, Angled Cutting for Single Boards and Packs of Boards: Efficiency and Precision Without Compromise The TRGSI, just like the TRSI, is a monoblock system designed to ensure outstanding installation speed and effective vibration reduction. A true innovation powerhouse for achieving flawless results in record time! Programmed Cutting for Single Boards and Packs Fixed Measurements and Customized Sequences: Thanks to the ability to manage various cutting schemes, it’s easy to set up fixed or sequential cuts, optimizing every operation. Blodsv Iqd Repfx Abtjl Industrial CNC Technology: An advanced system that allows for the quick storage of different cutting plans. Up to 25 different measurements can be managed simultaneously, with angled heads and independent options for every specific need. Customizable Cutting Programs: Work parameters (such as quantity and waste) are easy to set and can be customized according to individual preferences. Each cutting plan can be saved for quick access. Easy Program Loading: Cutting programs can be uploaded via USB in just a few steps, with files in .txt format for practical and fast management. Advanced Optimization: Two cutting versions to maximize efficiency: OL Version optimizes length, while the E Version offers total optimization, minimizing waste. Operating Dynamics Fast and Precise Movement: The steel guide with ball recirculation and dual sliding carriage, powered by brushless motors, ensures unmatched speed and accuracy. Durability and Perfect Sliding: The reinforced structure ensures optimal sliding, increasing the system's durability and reliability. Pneumatic Pusher: Equipped with fully protected and highly visible stroke, the pneumatic pusher system ensures maximum control and precision. Perfect Angling and Precision: The synchronization between the lateral arm before the blade and the pneumatic presses guarantees a perfect cut, both in quality and angle. Advanced Accessories for Loading and Unloading With dedicated accessories, the system can be configured for manual or fully automatic loading and unloading operations, ensuring an uninterrupted workflow.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, Technical specifications: - Motor power 2.2 kW S1 - Max. Saw blade diameter: 350 mm - Saw blade holder: 30 mm - Cutting time per stroke: 1.5 sec. - Speed ​​on the saw shaft: 3800 rpm - Air consumption per cycle: 5 L - Working table height: 900 mm - Extraction nozzle: 2x100 mm - Operating pressure: 7-8 bar - Net weight: approx. 200 kg - Required air flow 1000 m³ / h - Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz 3-phase - Cutting capacity in mm: 45 x 230 60 x 210 90 x 180 100 x 125 Standard basic equipment: - Saw blade feed pneumatic drive - Automatic engine brake - Set of operating keys Bsdpjfhbuyjfx Abtell - Emergency stop push button - Speed ​​control for saw blade feed - Fixed vertical protection device - Upper safety pressure device (pneumatic protective hood) - Suction speed at least 28m / sec. - Colors: basic stand light gray RAL 7035, doors telegrey RAL 7046, protective shield and protective hood zinc yellow RAL 1018

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 1988, Mechanization for in front of a planer for KVH/BSH Blsdpfjytgr Eex Abtol - For lengths up to approx. 13 m - Ideal KVH+BSH system for upstream of the planer - Longitudinal destacking – singulation - Cross-cut saws: 4 circular saws with adjustable side positioning - Crosscut dimensions: 180 x 220 mm, 150 x 300 mm - Operation requires only one person

Condition: good (used), Code: 0370 Brand: HAFFNER - GERMANY Model: DGS 187 - CE Standard Double mitre saw with tilting blades for cutting wood, aluminum, pvc and various materials - CE Standard Bljdpsuiwqhjfx Abtol Technical data: Blades diameter mm 500 F 30 N° 2 motors each Kw 2,2 - Rpm 2800 Cutting length max mm 3400 Cutting length min mm 230 Blades inclination 45° - 90° Electronic positioning cutting length of left cutting unit Hydropneumatic saw feed Pneumatic workpiece clamping Control panel double buttons Electronic head positioning programmer N° 2 suction ports diameter mm 120 Compressed air 6 bar Overall dimensions mm 4600 x 1300 x 1650 h Weight kg 550

Condition: good (used), Code: 0246 Bljdpfjxztydox Abtol Brand: OMGA Model: TR 2B - NC - CE Standard Automatic double mitre saw with numerically controlled positioner for cutting frames, wood profiles, furniture, wooden window frames, doors, plastic materials, and various - CE standard Technical data: Numerically controlled positioner: allows cutting lists to be stored and the moving head to be positioned automatically Cutting length 3500 mm Blade diameter 350 F 30 mm Motors each 2,2 Kw Rpm 3000 Cutting width 170 mm Cutting height at 90° 102 mm N° 2 vertical pneumatic pressers Suction mouth diameter 80 mm Compressed air 6-7 bar Overall dimensions mm 4400 x 1000 x 1500 h Weight kg 600

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, warranty duration: 12 months, Customizable Sawing Machine: The Ideal Solution for Small and Medium Sections Total Optimization, High Precision, and Maximum Speed in One Tool TRV 1200 is the perfect saw for tackling the daily challenges of processing single boards, whether raw or painted. With its advanced technology, this ultra-fast and efficient cutting system allows you to optimize each operation without stress for the operators. Whether for small or medium sections, the TRV 1200 is designed to meet all your needs, with a continuous work cycle that ensures flawless performance. Bljdov Ip Uzopfx Abtsl Intelligent Operation and Full Automation With the innovative touch screen, you can easily upload cutting lists directly from the device or remotely, from your office. Once you select the desired optimization, the system autonomously handles all subsequent stages, including: Material introduction (*see Cursal accessories) Automatic advancement and positioning Immediate data transmission to the CNC and optimization Piece evacuation Quality, width, and length selection (*see Cursal accessories) Maximum Speed and Precision Without Compromise With TRV 1200, speed is exceptional: 195 m/min, self-limited by the Brushless servo motor. The synergy of a high-performance optimizer, an indestructible machine structure, and precise table control ensures flawless results. The CNC-driven motorized belts and pneumatic pressure wheels guarantee perfect material positioning. Total Versatility for Every Type of Processing The TRV 1200 perfectly adapts to various applications, from recovery work to defect cleaning, or even more complex tasks that require advanced software processing. It is the ideal partner for optimizing every phase of the process, ensuring maximum results with minimal waste. Advanced and Easy-to-Use Programming Software Over 100 preset cutting plans: customizable widths, quality, and cutting specifications Different optimization options: for commercial value, for scrap, for quantity, for length, and mixed optimization Optimization simulation to ensure the best material management Continuous monitoring of worked quantities Internal optimization within the machine body to simplify the process and save valuable space Advanced Numerical Control for Efficient Management The heart of the TRV 1200 is the powerful CNC, an industrial computer that ensures continuous production without stoppages. With the HD touch screen, you can easily import data via USB and access simple yet powerful software, quick to learn and easy to use. Moreover, you can rely on online remote assistance for real-time troubleshooting. Discover how TRV 1200 can transform your production: speed, precision, and optimization at your fingertips.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, power: 4.4 kW (5.98 HP), cutting height (max.): 6,000 mm, saw blade diameter: 500 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 90 °, rotational speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, On sale Pertici saw that is no more required. wo headed automatic saw for cutting aluminium profiles. Saw blade diameter: 500 mm Max cutting lenght: 6000mm Min cutting lenght: cca 330 mm Engine power: two three-phase motors, each one 2,2 kW (summary4,4 kW), 2800 rpm Head tilt: 90-45° Year of production : 2016 Price: 9300€ The machine can be seen in Rugvica, Croatia (nearby Zagreb). Blodeztc Dcepfx Abtjl

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Cutting capacity: 55x360, 80x340, 95x325, 125x295, 135x280 mm Minimum work piece thickness mm.10 Working table tilted 8° Cutting unit technical features: Pneumatic upstroke saw TR500 Motor power 10 HP (7,5 kW), Volt 400/50 Hz. TCT Blade dia.500 mm., F=30 Z=144 S=4,6 Cutting cycle speed: 4 seconds Push feed system technical features: PUSH FEED SYSTEM AVAILABLE LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE Feeding by rack and pinion system and brushless motor Positioning precision +/- 0,4 mm Strong infeed motor for a packet weight of 80 kgs Maximum push feed system speed 90 m/min Pneumatic rising of the pusher at the end of the cutting cycle and overhead returning. Data entry management: 12 inch TOUCH-SCREEN Controller (800x600 pixel) USB Port Bjdpfx Abehw Ng Iotell Ethernet Port LINUX Operating system Loading and save machine parameters via USB Port Cutting cycle (pattern) editing and entered directly on the controller Transfer of cutting lists created by PC via USB or Ethernet Port Working software: Manual input of loading board length Partial optimization without length reading of the board Cutting cycle with 3 optimization options (Maximum length, Sequence and Board sequence) N°1000 cutting lists made up of 11 sizes or one list of 10000 sizes in sequence Package "OPTI": automatic board length detection and full optimization. Piece length reading by photocell Cutting cycle: with 6 optimizing criteria: (Longest length, Sequence, Board sequence, Volume, Minimum waste and Priority length) Package "OPTI PLUS": total optimization with knots and defects removal (OPTION NOT INSTALLED ON THE MACHINE) Technical Description: Package "OPTI PLUS": for knots and defects removal Photocell for reading wood mapping knots and defects Marking with fluorescent chalks/crayon (Note Ð Can only be ordered in combination with ZA250) Pneumatic side clamp device Program creating lists on PC in XML

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7940 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. saw blade diameter: 500mm - Spindle diameter: 30mm - Blade guard included - Hydraulic blade feed - Cutting height: 140mm Blsdpfx Absztzc Dstjl - Main motor: 4.4kW - Table size (L/W): 570x870mm - Table height from base: 750mm - Roller tables: 2 pcs - Infeed roller table: 1170mm – Outfeed roller table: 1210mm - Sliding roller width: 600mm - Overall dimensions (without roller tables) L/W/H: 1040x820x900mm - Weight: approx. 570kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Germany – 2 roller tables – Pneumatic saw blade stroke – Used saw in perfect condition Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 EUR (based on exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, TRV 1700: High-Performance Optimizing Saw for Finger Joint and Moulders The TRV 1700 is the ultimate solution for woodworking professionals, offering precision, speed, and advanced optimization. Designed in three different configurations with Ø 500, 550, and 600 mm blades, this optimizing saw is available in the following versions: TRV 1700A – Automatic with programmed cutting TRV 1700E – EB – Optimized cutting to maximize yield and reduce waste TRV 1700S – Simple cutting on mark for essential operations Thanks to its high versatility, the TRV 1700 is perfect for quickly removing knots and defects from wooden boards. It is the ideal machine for applications where maximum length is a priority, such as parquet flooring, or when only defect selection is required. Advanced Optimization Software Over 100 cutting plans, customizable by width and quality Smart optimization algorithm for: Commercial value Waste reduction Quantity Length Mixed optimization Pre-cut simulation for maximum efficiency Real-time monitoring of processed quantities Integrated optimization within the saw, simplifying the workflow Machine Structure & Technical Features Reliable conveyor belt traction system without adhesive parts Blsdsv Iqbpopfx Abtol Non-slip rubberized pressure wheels, suitable for all materials Thick pressor for safe clamping of chips and irregularities PLC-controlled silent blowers for continuous workspace cleaning The TRV 1700 integrates seamlessly with moulders and finger jointers via Cursal’s feeding systems, ensuring a smooth and efficient in-line production process. With a wide range of customizable accessories (see the dedicated section), it can be upgraded from a standard version to a fully equipped high-end configuration. Recommended Applications Parquet flooring – Ideal Windows and construction – High compatibility Furniture components – Well-suited Laminated beams, planks, structures – Well-suited Finger joint recovery – Ideal Choose the TRV 1700 for optimized cuts, reduced waste, and maximum production efficiency.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0323 Brand: SML - ITALY Model: SILVER P 35/EL - CE Standard Electronic double mitre saw for cutting wood, frames, pvc, aluminium, plastics and various materials - CE Standard Technical data: Oleo-pneumatic head lowering Max cutting length mm 5200 Min cutting length mm 50 Cutting height mm 100 Max cutting width mm 170 Blade diameter mm 350 F30 Motor Hp 3 each - Rpm 3000 Bledpfxjtu Hy Ee Abtel Electronic head positioning programmer Bimanual blade lowering control Pneumatic pressures for workpiece clamping N° 2 suction ports diameter mm 60 Working pressure 7 bar Overall dimensions mm 6300 x 1000 x 1600 h Weight kg 1100

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, warranty duration: 12 months, TRSI Automatic Saw: Power, Precision, and Optimization TRSI Ø600 Push-Feed Saw – 90° Cut: Perfect for Beech Sawing Bledpov Iqddefx Abtsl The TRSI Ø600 is an automatic optimizer push-feed saw, designed for cutting beech planks with constant thickness and variable width. Its modular monoblock structure and Ø600 blade make it ideal for high-precision operations. Key Features: Programmed and Optimized Cutting: Precise and repetitive operations, or optimization to reduce waste and maximize material yield. TRSI Ø700 Push-Feed Saw – 90° Cut: Beam and Packaging Cutting The TRSI Ø700 is designed for high-performance cutting of beams and packaging. With a Ø700 blade and a robust structure, it provides high productivity in both sawmills and packaging industries. Key Features: Programmed and Optimized Cutting: Maximizing material usage while minimizing waste. TRSI: The Customizable Solution for Every Sector The TRSI is the ideal automatic saw for companies seeking speed, reliability, and precision. Customizable to your needs, it fits perfectly into various production sectors. Advanced Technology: Advanced Software: Easy programming and process optimization. Full Integration: Compatible with your business systems. Remote Assistance: Technical support always available. Superior Performance: Ultra-Precise Movement: Rapid push-feed on ball screw guide for smooth and accurate cuts. Brushless Motors: High performance and reliability. Reinforced Structure: Guarantees smooth operation without vibrations. Accessories for Maximum Productivity: Customized Loaders: Reducing downtime. Manual and Automatic Printers: Clear marking of semi-finished products. Optimized Discharge Systems: For all types of processing. Trust Cursal for Innovation and Performance With the TRSI, you can achieve maximum efficiency and precision, customizing every aspect of the machine to optimize production flow. Contact us for a tailored consultation and take your production to new levels of quality.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, Rip and cross saw REMA DMLK 30 Producer of REMA Machine model / type DMLK 30 Year of production 1997 Machine category Longitudinal and transverse saw Location Bledpfefv Hphjx Abtel Gorzów Wlkp. Conditions of delivery PERSONAL COLLECTION Cost of delivery Customer cover Startup type to be agreed Description Comments - after the technical review - very good condition - year of production 1997 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: main engine 3.9 kW trolley length 1370 mm blade diameter 300 mm angle adjustment 0 - 45 " height adjustment cutting height max. 90 mm cutting width on the right side 885 mm ruler length 1350 mm ratchet extended receiving table two kinds of blade rotation speed 3700 and 5000 RPM The protractor visible in the photos is an additional option for PLN 400 net dimensions: length / width / height 135 x 85 x 135 cm weight ~ 320 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, maximum blade diameter: 350 mm minimum blade diameter: 340 mm two motors, 3 kW each 400 V Blsdpfx Abjzmwl Uotsl year of manufacture: 2014 left unit fixed, right unit movable pneumatic clamping system maximum distance between blades: 2800 mm minimum distance between blades: 600 mm weight: approximately 800 kg

Condition: used, Rema DMGB-35 double cross-cut saw, including an outfeed conveyor belt, for cross-cutting timber on both sides. This machine was specifically used for cutting doors to size. Bodozryuvspfx Abtoll In its current condition, the cutting length is limited to 1,000 mm, but this can be extended. Technical data: - Belt length: approx. 1,700 mm + 2,700 mm - Cutting width: max. 2,500 mm - Cutting height: max. approx. 80 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, cutting height (max.): 100 mm, cutting width (max.): 2,500 mm, saw blade diameter: 400 mm, height adjustment type: mechanical, Equipment: saw blade guard, Double-blade panel saw, Eima Type 122 Bsdjzwkrvopfx Abtjll Cutting width, min/max: 210-2500 mm Cutting depth: 2500 mm Maximum blade diameter: 400 mm Cutting height: ~100 mm Motor power: 2 x 4.4 kW Electronic cutting width adjustment

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7937 TECHNICAL DATA - max. blade diameter: 500mm - spindle diameter: 30mm - top pneumatic clamp - blade guard cover - pneumatic blade feed - max. cutting height: 150mm - max. cutting width: 350mm - main motor: 5.5kW - extraction port diameter: 120mm - table dimensions (LxW): 740x500mm - table height from base: 900mm - roller tables: 2 pcs - infeed roller table with guide: 2050mm - outfeed roller table: 1650mm - roller table width: 510mm - overall machine dimensions without table (LxW xH): 1200x640x1280mm - weight approx. 500kg ADVANTAGES – Manufactured in Poland Blsdpfx Ajzrnt Hsbtol – Original technical documentation (DTR) – 2 roller tables – Pneumatic blade stroke – Used saw, excellent condition Net price: 14,900 PLN Net price: 3,550 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may vary due to exchange rate fluctuations)