Used Thermal Oil Plant for sale (10,286)

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 398 kW (541.13 HP), gearing type: automatic, color: green, machine/vehicle number: 100114331.Y, PRICE IS FOR 2 UNITS - CAN BE SOLD SEPARATELY! Froling Biomass Boiler with CORDIVARI Buffer Tank - Complete Commercial Heating Systems Offered for sale is a high-capacity biomass heating system comprising a Froling TX 200 biomass boiler and CORDIVARI thermal buffer tank (puffer). This is a commercial-grade installation, designed for high-demand environments such as agricultural operations, industrial units, estates, and large-scale residential projects. The system has been installed and powered on for testing. Boiler Specification (Froling TX 200): • Boiler class: EN 303-5 Class 5 (high-efficiency, low-emissions standard) • Nominal heat output: 199 kW • Heat output range: 59 – 199 kW • Nominal fuel input rate: 214 kW • Permitted fuels (EN 14961): Wood pellets (Part 2: D06, Class A1) Wood chips (Part 4: P16A – P45A, Class A2) Nwedpfxoyw I Hmj Aa Usk • Max. operating temperature: 90°C • Max. operating pressure: 3 bar • Water content (boiler): 570 litres • Electrical connection: 400V / 50Hz / C35A • Power consumption: 285 – 650 W • Production number: 100114331.Y The Froling TX 200 is a premium biomass boiler known for high efficiency, automated operation, and reliability in continuous-use environments. Paired with a CORDIVARI thermal buffer tank, the system delivers improved heat management, reduced cycling, and optimal energy utilisation. The system is also equipped with an automatic biomass feeding system from upper storage containers, ensuring consistent fuel delivery and minimal manual input. Important: The biomass system has not been used in full operation - it has only been tested. Operating time can be verified via the built-in digital counters, which display the total minutes the system has run. This combination provides a stable and efficient renewable heating solution, ideal for buyers looking to reduce long-term energy costs while meeting environmental targets.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, KOPPENS BR 4500/600 | Continuous frying machine for thermal oil Manufacturer: Koppens Convenience Food Systems Model / Type: BR 4500/600 Serial number: 1219 Year of manufacture: 1998 Power supply: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 phases, 27 A, 13 kW Working width of the belt: 550 mm Loading height: 925 mm Discharge height: 950 mm Machine weight: 1250 kg Oil heating system: Indirect - coil for thermal oil Maximum coil power: 180 kW Chamber capacity (frying oil): min. 845 liters (max. level above the belt: 80 mm) Frying time: Continuously adjustable in the range of 25 - 250 seconds Belt speed: Continuously adjustable in the range of 1.08 - 10.8 m/min Nodpfxozutgke Aa Uewk The industrial continuous frying machine Koppens BR 4500/600 is a highly efficient and uncompromising solution designed for professional meat processing plants, poultry processing, fish processing, and convenience food manufacturers. The machine is designed for continuous, immersion frying of a wide range of products – from nuggets, burgers, and breaded cutlets to croquettes and fish fingers. Thanks to the use of a 550 mm wide belt, the device offers a huge throughput while maintaining perfectly consistent quality and color of the finished product, eliminating the problem of undercooked or burnt batches. The heating system based on indirect heat exchange through a coil powered by thermal oil (up to 180 kW) is the most desirable solution in the industry. Unlike electric heaters, thermal oil guarantees a very stable and uniform temperature along the entire length of the frying tank. This protects the edible oil from localized overheating and excessive degradation (oxidation). The mechanical system for lifting the top cover (hood) provides immediate and safe access to the working area, allowing the crew to quickly inspect and effectively perform foam cleaning.

Year of construction: 2021, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, FLOW & THERMAL Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO), 18,000 Nm³/h (2021) Complete industrial system for the treatment of process water containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), consisting of stripping columns and a three-chamber Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer. Manufactured by Flow & Thermal Solutions / TECAM in 2021, the equipment was installed at a PET production plant and remained operational until the factory closed on 27 November 2025. The system removes VOCs from the water by means of air stripping and subsequently destroys them in the RTO through high-temperature thermal oxidation. Heat recovery through ceramic media helps reduce natural gas consumption. Main features • Manufacturer: Flow & Thermal Solutions / TECAM • Year: 2021 • Serial number: F002 • RTO nominal capacity: 18,000 Nm³/h • Configuration: three-chamber regenerative RTO • Fuel: natural gas • Honeywell / Eclipse TJ 200 burner • Burner output: 58–586 kW • Electrical supply: 400 V, 50 Hz • Electrical power stated on the nameplate: 40 kW • 30 kW Soler & Palau ATEX main fan • Siemens PLC automation with HMI touchscreen • LEL monitoring, purge, dilution, bypass and pneumatic valve systems • Vertical stack: 10 m high, diameter: 800 mm • CE marked Performance and operation The equipment operated at actual flow rates close to its nominal capacity, with recorded values ranging from approximately 16,400 to 17,900 Nm³/h. The latest available emissions test, carried out by DEKRA in December 2023, recorded the following values: • TOC: 13 mgC/Nm³ • NOx: 3–4 mg/Nm³ • CO: 125–153 mg/Nm³ During the tests, the equipment operated at an approximate temperature of 775–780 °C, with a treated water flow rate of 3.5 m³/h. Stripping columns The system includes: • Original stripping column, designed for approximately 6 m³/h. • Second Tecnium SLFKK9 stripping column, manufactured in PPH, with a nominal capacity of 8 m³/h and a maximum capacity of 10 m³/h. The second column was installed, but it is currently dismantled and lying on the ground after being knocked down by strong winds during the winter. It has a hole in the base which, according to the available information, is considered potentially repairable. The Tecnium column is equipped with internal packing, distributors, a mist eliminator, connections, drainage and provisions for integration with the existing control system. Condition and maintenance The system remained operational until the final closure of the plant in November 2025. The latest preventive maintenance was carried out by TECAM in June 2025 and included mechanical and electrical inspection, burner, fans, stripping columns, instrumentation, valves and functional testing. The equipment was operational, although maintenance work is required before recommissioning, mainly involving: • Process valves • Internal insulation of the towers • Ductwork and seals • Main fan impeller and expansion joints • Repair of the base of the second stripping column TECAM technical documentation is available regarding the recommended works, and several spare parts are also available. Scope of supply The system includes: • Three-chamber RTO • Combustion chamber • Burner and gas train • Main fan • Two stripping columns • Dilution and purge system • Hot bypass • LEL analysers • Stack • Ductwork • Electrical cabinets and controls • Platforms, ladders and support structures Nodszvcknopfx Aa Uewk • Available spare parts

Condition: used, -Fuel delivery system -Biomass combustion system -Hot water boiler -Ash removal system -Flue gases primary cleaning system -Stairs and service platforms -Draft fan - Automatic control system -Chimney -Circulation system and water treatment Main parameters and guarantee value are calculated according to fuel parameters: -Moisture 60-65 % -Ash till 8 % - Calorific value 7990 kJ/kg and 1907 kcal/kg Main parameters of the furnace 6000 K: - Maximal designed thermal output – 6.5 Mw - Maximum continuous rate – 6 MW - Furnace regulation range 20% - 100% - Volume of furnace- 31.6 m3 - Volume of combustion chamber – 24m3 - Grates area 12 m2 - Grates designed thermal load – 500 Kw/m2 - Combustion chamber designed thermal load – 250 Kw/m3 - Maximum temperature in the combustion chamber - 900°C The following kinds of biomass are accepted for combustion in the furnace: - wood chips – 100% - forest wood residues- 100% - saw dust – 100% (G15) Nwsdpfowfpwpsx Aa Uok - chunk peat – 100% - bark – 100%

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, We offer this second hand IWT Moldrup-SPP Hydro-Thermal Treatment Plant Industrial MOLDRUP-SPP plant designed for hydro-thermal modification of timber up to 2,600 mm diameter and 12,000 mm length. Built in heavy-duty stainless steel and engineered for continuous industrial production with fully automatic PLC control. Industrial Hydro-Thermal Wood Modification Plant – Ø2,600 x 12,000 mm Industrial hydro-thermal treatment plant designed for efficient and uniform thermal modification of timber in a controlled oxygen-free environment. The plant is built around a heavy-duty Ø2,600 mm × 12,000 mm stainless steel autoclave, handling approximately 15–22 m³ of timber per charge, with operating pressure up to 12 bar (abs). Fully automated via PLC, the system enables precise control of vacuum, pressure, temperature and multi-phase process cycles. The integrated vacuum system ensures safe oxygen removal, while the thermal oil heating system provides accurate temperature management throughout the treatment process. The complete installation includes pressure vessel, heating system, vacuum pump, circulation fan, condensate handling, trolley loading system and safety equipment. Thermal oil boiler skid and emission control equipment are included. Technical documentation available on request. The complete hydro-thermal wood treatment plant is sold as seen / as is. If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call. Nedpsymxqaefx Aa Uswk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, BERTRANS HT594 THERMAL OIL BOILER Automatic vertical thermal oil boiler manufactured by BERTRANS, equipped with a WEISHAUPT modulating burner. TECHNICAL DATA Manufacturer: BERTRANS Model: HT594 Boiler type: Thermal oil boiler Nwsdpfx Aaozvf Rko Usk Configuration: Vertical Operation: Automatic Thermal oil volume: 6.01 m³ Maximum working pressure: 35 bar Manufacturing number: M1101009/IB Burner manufacturer: WEISHAUPT (2003) Burner model: WKG 3/0-A ZM Burner output range: 1,200–12,000 kW Burner serial number: 4,177,116

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Year of construction: 2004, Thermal Oil Heating System AURA Max. permissible pressure (bar): PS 10 Max. permissible temperature (°C): TS 350 Min. permissible temperature (°C): TS 25 Volume (L): V 60 Medium: Thermal oil (Diphyl) Category: III The system is available twice, price per unit Note: The machine is still installed and can be inspected on site. The buyer is responsible for dismantling and organizing transport. This is not included in the offer price. Nodpfx Aaew Hxgve Uewk

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 83 kW (112.85 HP), overall weight: 6,000 kg, total length: 4,60,000 mm, total width: 4,000 mm, total height: 4,300 mm, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 300 h, type of input current: three-phase, With shredder, centrifuge, and big bag filling station. Includes spark detection and extinguishing system. Approx. 300 operating hours, year of manufacture 2024. Suitable for stainless steel, nickel alloy, and titanium. Throughput capacity up to 1 ton/hour, depending on material. Total connected load: 83 kW. Overall length: 46 m. Height: 6.2 m. Price on request. Available at short notice. Location: Germany. Nwedpfx Aeq Nmw Isa Uok

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), Heating output: 1100kW, medium: heat transfer oil, oil type: Maroltherm LH, max. flow temperature: 300°C, permissible operating temperature: 300°C, permissible operating overpressure: 10bar, volume flow: 51m³/h, max. flue gas temperature: 400°C, flow monitoring (differential pressure): 0.1bar-0.36bar, cold start volume flow: 0.1bar, filling capacity: 1500l. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Nwedpfx Aswtg Hdoa Usk

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: LC657, Used ALFA LAVAL oil extraction plant 2000 Kg/hTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis complete olive oil processing line combines proven Alfa Laval separation technology with robust malaxing and preparation equipment to deliver reliable, continuous extraction performance. It is a second hand, industrial processing solution designed to operate upstream of an edible oil bottling and industrial packaging system, making it a strong fit for producers who wish to integrate a used bottling line or expand their beverage production and food oil processing capacity.Hourly throughput: 20 ql/h (approx. 2,000 kg/h of olives)Core equipment: Olive elevator, hammer crusher, malaxer 1 section, malaxer 4 sections, decanter centrifuge, two disc-stack separatorsDecanter centrifuge: Alfa Laval Type LWX 207Bowl diameter (decanter): 355 mmMax solids density (decanter): 1.7 kg/dm3Max bowl speed (decanter): 4000 rpmSeparators: Alfa Laval model 407 (qty: 2)Malaxer (4 sections): SACMI, code 4/SMalaxer (1 section): Single-section unit for flexible batch managementPreparation: Olive elevator and hammer crusher for steady, uniform feed to malaxersAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line is suitable for modernization with contemporary PLC/HMI architectures for recipe control, interlocks, and traceability. Individual machine controls can be consolidated into a central panel for streamlined operation, alarm handling, and start/stop sequencing across the preparation, malaxing, and separation stages. Safety interlocks and guarding can be integrated around rotating equipment and infeed areas for compliance and operator protection.Ready for integration with centralized PLC/HMI controlProvision for start/stop sequencing across crusher, malaxers, decanter, and separatorsEmergency-stop circuits and safety guarding recommended around rotating assembliesMain electrical switchboard to be provided by the buyer (not included)Production Line Integration CapabilitiesThis processing line is engineered to operate inline upstream of an edible oil bottling line. It interfaces seamlessly with downstream storage, filtration, and filling systems for retail or bulk packaging. Multiple malaxer sections provide format flexibility for varying batch sizes and olive characteristics, while the decanter and separators deliver continuous clarification suited to high-quality oil production.Machine type/categoryManufacturer / ModelYearOlive ElevatorAlfa LavalHammer CrusherAlfa Laval Nsdpezmpzhefx Aa Ujwk

Condition: good (used), Tricool Thermal oil heater Model: SHK509A Nwsdjrwz N Iopfx Aa Ujk Sheik Thermail oil heater, adjustable digital controls, up to 350'C, mobile

Condition: not inspected (used), 7m 600mm thermal oil fryer with top hold down belt. Has come direct from production. 7m frying length, 600mm belt width. Electric canopy hoist. Nwodpfx Aajht Hgnj Ujk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, 322 USED IBIS Thermal Oil Ovens: Year of manufacture: 2019. EQUIPMENT: - 2 thermal oil deck ovens, 12 m² each - total 24 m². - 2 heating boilers, each oven has its own independent boiler. - Oil burner, can be gas. - Hot water tanks on each oven. - Bread loading and unloading system. TECHNICAL DATA: Ovens, 7 units: Njdpfx Aaoyq Rq Ho Ujwk - 2 ovens, year of manufacture: 2019, - 5 ovens, year of manufacture: 2005, - Two-carriage ovens (width: 100 cm, length: 120 cm). OVEN EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (in cm): - Width 167 cm, - Height 226 cm - Length 320 cm. EQUIPMENT: - 40 baking trolleys, - Heating boiler, - Weishaupt burner. We offer devices in various technical conditions and prices: 1. Directly from the bakery. 2. After inspection with a commissioning warranty. 3. After renovation with a 6-12 month warranty. The device is available to verify in our warehouse (36-068 Bachórz, Poland). Paid options available: renovation / transport / assembly / commissioning of the device. The price is a net price per 1 pcs. Our languages: ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, UKRAINIAN. ..... bakery oven, bakery ovens, batch oven, shelf oven, bakery machine, bakery machines, bakery equipment, bakery equipments, bakery device, bakery devices

Condition: used, Continuous fryer. Thermal oil heated, Teflon infeed etc. In nice condition but needs new control screen and plc. Nedpfxoyivr Tj Aa Uewk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, thermal exhaust air combustion system, exhaust gas filter system, exhaust gas filter system, exhaust gas filter, hot filter, industrial exhaust gas filter -Thermal exhaust air combustion plant: Manufacturer LTG Type 20000 Nm³/h -Protocols: regarding maintenance and emissions are available -Documentation: complete -Combustion chamber temperature: 850° C -Heating fuel: Natural gas Nwsdpfxsvtzdle Aa Uek -Calorific value: 10 kWh/m³ -Connected load: 45 kW -Exhaust air volume: 20,000 Nm³/h -Max. solvent quantity: 1.5 g/m³ -Individual components: see photos

Condition: like new (used), Gea CFS Koppens Thermal oil fryer BR 3500/600 Suitable for thermal oil heating; Net belt length: 3.500 mm Nsdpfxjkvni Aj Aa Uewk Net belt width: 600 mm Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 6.000x900x1.600 mm Machine weight: 750 kg. Capacity: 250 kg/h in 600 liter oil

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, wall material: stainless steel, Equipment: cooling unit, PRODUCTION REACTORS, COLLECTION TANKS, CONTROL PANELS WITH DRIVES, PLATFORMS, AND EQUIPMENT—SUITABLE FOR SYNTHETIC THICKENER PRODUCTION (AND OTHER CHEMICALS SUCH AS POLYMERS, ETC.)—MADE FROM HIGH-GRADE STAINLESS STEEL, ARE FOR SALE AND IN OPERATIONAL CONDITION. CONSULTANCY SERVICES CAN ALSO BE PROVIDED FOR THICKENER PRODUCTION UPON REQUEST. Acrylic thickeners, binders, alkyd resins can be produced, and formulations can be supplied with the sale. The machines are available as a complete set or can be sold separately. Suitable for chemical production in all industrial sectors including textiles, food, cosmetics, construction, etc. 1. REACTOR - 17-ton capacity reactor - Barely used - 316 stainless steel (tank wall 10-12mm, domes 10-12mm thickness) Njdpfxsy Aggpj Aa Uewk - 37kW ATEX-rated motor with gearbox - Electrical control panel with Delta inverter - External coil for heating and cooling - Currently heated by thermal oil, cooled by chiller cold water - Equipped with load cells, calibrated for accurate measurement - All flanges and fittings included, fully connected - Platform included 2. REACTOR - 22.5-ton capacity reactor - Made from 304 stainless steel / 8mm tank wall, 10mm dome thickness - Unused - 22kW motor and reducer - Electrical control panel with Delta inverter - External coil and jacket for heating and cooling - Equipped with load cells, calibrated for accurate measurement - All flanges and fittings included, fully connected - Platform included 3. STORAGE/FEED TANK - 10-ton capacity 304 stainless steel storage/feed tank - Unused - 8mm dome, 6mm wall thickness - Full-length sight glass system to monitor product level inside - All flanges and fittings included, fully connected *Can be converted to a mixer/stirrer by adding a motor and shaft. 4. HOMOGENIZER/DISPERSING/MIXING TURRAX - IKA brand - ATEX certified - 17 L/hour, 30 kW/10 bar Note: These systems are designed for the production of thickeners used in printing and many other industries. All parts have been manufactured and supplied by experts in the field, meticulously engineered with no compromise on quality. Motor selection, sheet thickness, inverters, and other systems are of top quality and will operate problem-free for the buyer. For more detailed information, please contact us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 0496, pressure: 11.76 bar, power: 1,395 kW (1,896.67 HP), operating pressure: 12 bar, temperature: 190 °C, operating temperature: 190 °C, total height: 1,600 mm, total length: 3,000 mm, nominal heat output: 1,395 kW (1,896.67 HP), total width: 1,360 mm, nominal power: 1,395 kW (1,896.67 HP), empty load weight: 3,200 kg, GAVARDO OMG 1200 Complete Industrial Steam Boiler Plant – 1395 kW – 2000 kg/h (2016) High-Capacity Industrial Steam Generation System for Continuous Factory Operation. Complete central steam plant removed from a professional textile factory. Suitable for immediate reinstallation in industrial production. The GAVARDO OMG 1200 is a high-efficiency industrial steam boiler plant manufactured by GAVARDO Caldaie S.r.l., Italy. Designed for demanding industrial applications, this heavy-duty steam generation system delivers up to 2,000 kg of saturated steam per hour and is suitable for continuous 24/7 production environments. The system was previously installed in a professional textile manufacturing facility, where it served as the central steam supply for production. It remained fully operational until the factory shutdown. The boiler plant is offered as a complete industrial package, including the Riello burner, electrical control cabinet, pumps, pressure equipment, water handling components, and associated accessories. Technical Specifications • Manufacturer: GAVARDO Caldaie S.r.l. • Model: OMG 1200 • Boiler Type: Horizontal Industrial Steam Generator • Year: 2016 • Serial Number: 0496 • Thermal Capacity: 1,395 kW • Steam Production: 2,000 kg/hour • Maximum Working Pressure: 11.76 bar • Maximum Operating Temperature: 190.7 °C • Dry Weight: 3,200 kg • CE Marked • Manufactured in accordance with European Pressure Equipment regulations Key Features • Complete industrial steam boiler plant • High-capacity continuous steam production • Designed for 24/7 industrial operation • Riello industrial gas burner • Digital boiler control system • Industrial electrical control cabinet • Pressure monitoring and safety systems • Industrial feed-water and circulation equipment • Heavy-duty insulated boiler construction • Suitable for integration into existing steam distribution networks Includes • GAVARDO OMG 1200 steam boiler • Riello industrial gas burner • Main electrical control cabinet • Feed-water pumps • Water treatment equipment • Pressure vessels • Steam piping connections • Expansion and condensate tank system • Safety valves and pressure controls • Flue gas connection Applications Nedpfx Aaszkggco Ujwk • Textile manufacturing • Garment production • Industrial laundry facilities • Food processing • Steam process industries • Industrial heating systems • Continuous manufacturing plants Condition • Used industrial condition • Fully operational prior to factory shutdown • Installed in a professional indoor production environment • Good structural and mechanical condition • Normal cosmetic wear consistent with industrial use • Available for inspection before dismantling Location Valga, Estonia Dismantling & Transport Buyer is responsible for dismantling, rigging, loading, transportation, and all related costs. Professional dismantling is strongly recommended due to the size, weight, gas connection, pressure equipment, and associated piping systems. The site offers good access for heavy transport and lifting equipment. Sales Terms Sold as-is, where-is, without warranty. Part of the MASI JEANS factory liquidation.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Boiler plant for production of hot water suitable for wood driers. Capacity : 1 MW Designed for solid fuel like, wood chips, sawdust, bark Nodpfx Aozt Iycsa Uewk Plant is available beginning of 2027

Condition: good (used), Emulsion separation system, oil-water separation system Nodegvu Tgspfx Aa Uewk (for removing oil from condensate in compressors) The most cost-effective and permanently reliable solution to this problem is usually the separation of oil and water from dispersed condensate. The treated water meets the legal requirements for discharge into the sewer system.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, A boiler plant is available. Thermal output: 2000kW, water content: 5820l, heating surface: 250m², max. operating overpressure: 4bar, water quality: TRD 612, max. permissible flow temperature: 110°C. An on-site inspection is possible. Nwedpfoxwcupjx Aa Uek

Condition: not inspected (used), 7m x 1000mm thermal oil fryer with top hold down belt. Has come from factory producing chicken burgers and nuggets for major fast food chain. 7m frying length, 1000mm belt width. Njdpfx Aasigruye Ujwk

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, A boiler system with underfeed firing is available. Heating capacity: approx. 2300kW. An on-site inspection is possible. Nodpfx Aaexwcuve Uowk

Condition: excellent (used), the plant is consisting of: - 2 chain separators - 2 55 cbm³ silos with discharge screws - 2 discharge screws - 4 mixing and homogenising chambers, - 5 conveyor belts - 2 double-shaft extruders connected in parallel - 1 double shaft mixers - container for liquid extracts, etc. Nwedpfolxzl Eox Aa Ujk

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, FABO Mobile Scalper screen is produced for aggregate producers who require higher productivity and versatility. The machine can be used for multiple purposes; it can be used as a heavy-duty incline 2 deck screen, capable of stockpiling, scalping before and after crushing units, or it can be used a standalone system as well. That is why FABO tracked mobile scalpers can separate the hardest materials. FABO Mobile Scalpers helps our customers to maximize productivity while on the other hand helps on reducing the production costs. - - - Technical Specifications of the Tracked Scalper Screen: - *Bunker capacity :7m³ - *Production capacity : 220 – 400 Tons per hour - *Vibrating Screen Size : 1530x4800 mm - *Total Power : 110 kvA - *Screen Media : Punch Plate, Grizzly, Bofors - *Weight : 31.000 kg - *The screen angle varies between 18-27°. Nwodpfxezfp Das Aa Uek