Used Tos Fgu 32 for sale (8,527)

Condition: good (used), End mill, shank mill, milling cutter -Four-cutter -Roughing end mill -Diameter: 32 mm -Usable length: 40 mm -Corner radius: 4 mm -Type: HSSE -Quantity: 17 pieces -Sale: only complete set -Weight: 10 kg Chsdpfx Aob A Rbfebteb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 170 h, pressing force: 320 t, working width: 5,100 mm, degree of automation: automatic, Equipment: emergency stop, finger protection, foot remote control, lower tooling, safety light barrier, upper tooling, TOSKAR press brake Chodpfswq Aa Iox Abteb Pressure 320 tons Bending length 5100mm Bending length between columns 4100mm Speed of approach movement 100 mm/s Speed of bending movement 9 mm/s Speed of return movement 100 mm/s Opening 300 mm Distance to columns 500mm Year 2015 Only 170 working hours 5 Axes Y1, Y2, X, R, deflection arrow CNC controller with NexT touch screen

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8095 TECHNICAL DATA - track width: 240mm - roller width: 240mm - max. disc diameter: 350mm - disc bore diameter: 80mm - max. cutting height: 120mm - table width with clearance: 690mm - table length: 1800mm – from above: - pawls/ejectors - sliding/pressure roller: 1 piece - pawls/ejectors - sliding roller - saw arbor - sliding/pressure roller: 2 pieces Codpszx U N Iefx Abtehb – from below: - guide - infeed/sliding roller - pawls - track - electric adjustment of the machine body up/down - stepless feed speed adjustment: 4-40m/min - feed motor: 2kW - main motor: 22kW - central lubrication - diameter of the dust extraction port: 200mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2020x1530x1640mm - weight: approx. 2000kg ADVANTAGES – made in the Czech Republic – electric adjustment of the machine body up/down – multi-blade saw, used – very good condition Net price: 35,900 PLN Net price: 8,548 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7889 TECHNICAL DATA track width: 230mm shaft width: 230mm max blade diameter: 350mm / 400mm blade bore diameter: 80mm max cutting height with 350 / 400 blade: 115mm / 150mm table width (with clearance): 1200mm table length: 1900mm – from above: lock/blockers drive shaft, toothed shaft with saw blades 2 sliding/pressure rollers – from below: guide lock/blockers track 2 sliding rollers in the table feed speed adjustable manually feed motor approx. 2.2kW main motor: 30kW extraction nozzle diameter: 200mm overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2700x1800x2000mm weight approx.: 3000kg ADVANTAGES – Czech production – used multisaw – DTR technical documentation Codpfx Aozxq Dnjbtjhb – very good condition Net price: 22,900 PLN Net price: 5,450 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 6650 TECHNICAL DATA - Max cutting height: 200 mm - Track width: 450 mm - Shaft width: 450 mm - Blade bore diameter: 80 mm - Shaft diameter: 60 mm - Min. blade diameter: 250 mm - Max. blade diameter: 350 mm - Max. width of cant: 870 mm - Min. length of cant: 1500 mm From above: - Pawls - Feed shaft, toothed, metal - Pawls - Feed shaft, toothed, metal - Pressure unit - Shaft with saw blades - 2 feed shafts, metal, pneumatically pressed From below: - Guide - Metal sliding roller - Pawls - Track - Shaft with saw blades - Track - Stepless feed speed adjustment via inverter 4-40 m/min - Main motors: 2 x 75 kW - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric vertical movement of body up/down: 0.55 kW - Electric adjustment of saw blade shafts: 2 x 0.25 kW - Central lubrication - Extraction nozzle diameter: 2 x 300 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3100 x 2600 x 2000 mm - Weight: approx. 6500 kg - Centering device included - Toothed feed rollers: 3 pcs - Smooth feed rollers: 8 pcs - Motor: 2 x 1.5 kW - Pneumatic top pressure - Side pressure - Dimensions (L/W/H): 4850 x 1100 x 1800 mm - Weight: approx. 1000 kg ADVANTAGES Chjdpfjzxqvdsx Abteb – Czech manufacture – Double-shaft design – Centering device – DTR documentation – Year of manufacture: 2010 – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: 262,900 PLN Net price: 62,600 EUR Net price calculated at the exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant currency fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7134 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. planing width: 500 mm - Max. planing height: 190 mm Top section: - Anti-kickback fingers - Pulling feed roller, sequential - 2 rows of pressure rollers - Pull-in feed roller, sequential - 500 mm planing cutterhead, 4-knife, 7.5 kW motor - Pressure rollers - Smooth, pulling outfeed roller - Outfeed pressure roller Bottom section: - Adjustable infeed table + pressure roller - Smooth sliding roller Csdpfozxhdfsx Abtjhb - 500 mm planing cutterhead, 4-knife, 5.5 kW motor - 2 smooth sliding rollers - Side pressure roller Rear section: - Side spindles: 1) Right vertical 140 mm, 4 kW 2) Left vertical 140 mm, 4 kW - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - Stepless feed speed adjustment: 8–30 m/min - Electric table lifting - Extraction port diameters: 2x145 mm, 2x160 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2050 x 1700 x 1700 mm - Weight: 2100 kg FEATURES – Ideal for flooring production – Electric table lifting – Czech manufacture – Used planer, in very good condition Net price: 37,900 PLN Net price: 9,020 EUR (based on EUR rate 4.2) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: good (used), Heidelberg GT 32×46 Hot Stamping Machine Reviewed and ready for production. The machine is ready for hot stamping and die cutting. Machine format: 32x46cm Press force: 60t Weight: 600gsm Operating speed: 4000 sheets/h This model is designed for hot stamping and features a large heating plate. Chodpfx Abozv Nkboteb Weight: 2300kg Holder manufactured by Hakro. Includes frame, fillers, and letterpress locks.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: TOS Type: H 80 Spindle diameter: 80 mm Spindle travel: 700 mm Spindle taper: Morse taper 5 (MT5) Chsdpszwmrfofx Abtsb Table size: 1100 x 890 mm / 1120 x 900 mm (X / Y / Z): 1000 mm, 1000 mm, travel: 1100 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10520 Manufacturer: TOS VARNSDORF Type: WHNQ 13 CNC Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 430 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Czech Republic Machine-No.: 23XX X-Travel: 3500 mm Y-Travel: 2500 mm Cjdpfx Abszx Nxwetohb Z-Travel: 1250 mm W-Axis: 800 mm Table Load: 12.500 kg Clamping Area: 1800 x 2500 mm Tool Taper: SK 50 Tool Piece Magazine With: 60 Pcs./pcs. Spindle Speed: 3.000 RPM Max. Torque: 3323 Nm Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 10000 mm / min Drive Capacity - Spindle Motor: 37 / 1500 kW Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 40 t Further information: - Tools + accessories - Angle head - Angle up to 2.5m - Chip conveyor - 3D measuring probe - Clamping device Machine is still in production and can be inspected under power by arrangement.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8087 TECHNICAL DATA - max. disc diameter 450mm Cjdpezwf Npsfx Abtjhb - spindle diameter 30mm - pneumatic top pressure - disc guard - pneumatic disc extension - max. cutting height 100mm - max. cutting width 360mm - main motor 3.2kW - dust extraction nozzle diameter 100mm - table dimensions (length/width) 700x620mm - table height from base 860mm - roller tables: 2 pcs - infeed roller table 2550mm - outfeed roller table 3010mm - roller width in table 510mm - machine dimensions without table (length/width/height) 870x800x1400mm - weight 500kg ADVANTAGES - Czech production - 2 roller tables - pneumatic disc stroke - used saw, very good condition Net price: 13900 PLN Net price: 3310 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to larger fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: KSB ETABLOC G 32-200/752 centrifugal pump with electric motor. The pump has been inspected and is in fully working condition. It features a robust industrial design from the renowned manufacturer KSB, and is suitable for water, circulation, and various industrial applications. Technical data: Manufacturer: KSB – Klein, Schanzlin & Becker AG Type: ETABLOC G 32-200/752 No.: 0-118-902 133 Flow rate Q: 10–37 m³/h Head H: 57–34 m Rotational speed: 2950 rpm Csdpfjzvzvisx Abtshb Motor power: 7.5 kW Voltage: 380 V Current: 14.2 A cos φ: 0.91 Frequency: 50 Hz Protection class: IP54 Insulation class: B Motor: three-phase Motor type: ZKA 132 S-2 Connections: flanged Condition: used, inspected, and in fully working condition. It has normal signs of use and storage, as visible in the photos. The item for sale is a complete KSB pump with an electric motor, exactly as shown in the photos.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, planing width: 500 mm, number of blades: 4, total width: 1,700 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, overall weight: 2,000 kg, total length: 2,200 mm, chip removal: 160 mm, extraction connection diameter: 160 mm, height adjustment type: electric, number of feed rollers: 3, number of planer blades: 3, pass-through height: 200 mm, planing height: 200 mm, table width: 500 mm, working height: 200 mm, Four-sided planer made in Czech Republic with adjustable spindles and segmented shaft. MACHINE FULLY OPERATIONAL AFTER INSPECTION. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: -planing width 500 mm -planing height on both sides 200 mm -planing height on four sides 140 mm (possibility of mounting larger heads up to 200 mm -- planing) -spindle diameter 40 mm -max. tool diameter 200 mm -4 knife shafts -horizontal shaft motor power 2 x 7.5 kW -spindle motor power 2 x 4 kW -feed motor power 0.78 kW -electric height adjustment -feed speed smoothly adjustable -3 rollers in the table -two upper segmented pulling shafts -smooth receiving pulling shaft -guiding ruler -connector diameter 2 x 160 mm MACHINE DIMENSIONS: - length: 2200 mm - width: 1700 mm - height: 1800 mm - weight ~ 2000 kg Cjdpfx Aowfihuebtehb Possibility of financing the machine through leasing or installments. Just visit our website: jbsmaszyny.pl I invite you to test the machine. Where can you see our machines? JBS WOODWORKING MACHINES WOLICA DRUGA 26 23-310 MODLIBORZYCE Transport of machines all over the world!

Condition: new, For sale: a NEW, unused KSB ETABLOC-G 32-200/552.2 centrifugal pump with a 5.5 kW electric motor. The pump comes from a warehouse stock and has never been used. It is offered with the original KSB carton. A professional, industrial monobloc pump from the renowned manufacturer KSB, designed for use in industrial installations, water circulation systems, cooling and heating systems, and technological systems. Technical data: Manufacturer: KSB Model: ETABLOC-G 32-200/552.2 Ident-No.: 48862635 Flow rate Q: 5–33.5 m³/h Head H: 47.5–25 m Pump speed: 2900 rpm Motor power: 5.5 kW Power supply: 3-phase Frequency: 50 Hz Voltage: 380–420 / 660–725 V Motor speed: 2880 rpm Ingress protection: IP55 Insulation class: F Net weight according to label: 62 kg Condition: NEW / UNUSED – warehouse stock. Original KSB carton included. The item sold is exactly the one shown in the pictures. Chjdpfxjzvrb Nj Abtsb

Condition: used, We offer for sale a reliable multi-blade single-shaft rip saw TOS Svitavy PWR 421, designed for efficient longitudinal cutting of wooden boards, slats, and timber elements. The machine is suitable for both softwood and hardwood processing and enables high productivity through the use of multiple saw blades. Key Features & Benefits Heavy-duty multi-blade rip saw Suitable for mass production cutting Processes both softwood and hardwood High accuracy and stable cutting performance Adjustable feed speed Designed for continuous industrial operation Technical Specifications Cutting System Saw blade diameter: 250 – 450 mm Max. blade diameter: 450 mm Multiple blade configuration possible Material Capacity Min. material thickness: approx. 12 mm (14 mm depending on setup) Passage height depending on blade diameter: Ø450 mm: approx. 150–160 mm Ø400 mm: approx. 125–135 mm Ø350 mm: approx. 100–110 mm Ø300 mm: approx. 70–80 mm Ø250 mm: approx. 50–60 mm Minimum workpiece length: approx. 750 mm With additional roller (for lower cutting heights): min. approx. 500 mm Working Range Max. right-side cutting width: approx. 405 mm Left-side range: approx. 465 mm Total working width: approx. 870 mm Speed & Performance Spindle speed depending on blade diameter: Ø450 mm: approx. 3,300 rpm Ø400 / 350 mm: approx. 3,800 rpm Ø300 mm: approx. 4,450 rpm Ø250 mm: approx. 5,500 rpm Chodszgtldepfx Abtjb Feed speed: approx. 4 – 40 m/min (adjustable) Drive & Power Main motor power: approx. 45 – 55 kW Feed conveyor motor: approx. 3.5 kW Additional motors: Pressure beam lifting: 0.55 kW Saw spindle lifting: 0.55 kW Blade adjustment: 0.18 kW Machine Construction Feed conveyor width: approx. 450 mm Working height: approx. 850 mm Solid industrial frame for vibration-free operation Operating Conditions Operating temperature: +5 °C to +40 °C Suitable for workshop environment Condition & Sale Terms Condition: Good working condition Reliable and proven industrial machine Dismantling and transport to be arranged by the buyer Advantages High productivity in longitudinal cutting Flexible configuration with multiple blades Suitable for a wide range of materials Durable and robust TOS Svitavy construction

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: a used industrial centrifugal pump, KSB ETABLOC-G 32-160/302.2, with a 3 kW electric motor. The pump has been inspected and is fully functional. It is in used condition, with visible signs of wear, paint defects, and localized surface corrosion. The detailed condition of the unit is shown in the photos. Pump technical specifications: Manufacturer: KSB Model: ETABLOC-G 32-160/302.2 Serial number: 0-118-631 703 Flow rate: 4–29.3 m³/h Head: 36.3–23 m Rotational speed: 2900 rpm Year of manufacture: 1990 Pump weight: 42 kg Motor technical specifications: Manufacturer: KSB Type: ZKA 100L2 Identification number: 0533496 Motor number: 585957 Csdozvhxkjpfx Abtohb Power: 3 kW Power supply: three-phase Voltage: 380/660 V Current: 6.3/3.6 A Frequency: 50 Hz Rotational speed: 2860 rpm Protection class: IP54 Insulation class: B cos φ: 0.89

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: a used KSB ETABLOC-GN 32-125/222 industrial centrifugal pump with a 2.2 kW electric motor. The pump has been inspected and is in full working order. It is in used condition, with normal signs of wear and tear, as well as some localized surface corrosion on the flanges and housing. The photos provide a detailed view of its condition. Pump technical data: Manufacturer: KSB Model: ETABLOC-GN 32-125/222 Design: GN11 Identification number: 48861776 Number: 5-925-204037/1 Capacity: 4–30 m³/h Head: 25–18 m Rotational speed: 2900 rpm Approximate weight of the complete unit: 39.5 kg Motor data: Manufacturer: KSB Type: OU FA 90L2A-60 Power: 2.2 kW Power supply: three-phase Voltage: 220–240 / 380–420 V Chsdpfxszvhq Ho Abtob Frequency: 50 Hz Rotational speed: 2850 rpm Protection class: IP55 Insulation class: F cos φ: 0.89

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: an industrial KSB ETABLOC-G 32-125/222 centrifugal pump with a 2.2 kW electric motor. The pump has been inspected and is in good working order. Pump technical specifications: Manufacturer: KSB Model: ETABLOC-G 32-125/222 Identification number: 48862622 Flow rate: 4–30 m³/h Head: 25–18 m Pump speed: 2900 rpm Additional type: G32-125/22 2 Number: 198057/6 Motor specifications: Power: 2.2 kW Codpjzvhn Ejfx Abtjhb Power supply: three-phase Voltage at 50 Hz: 220–240 / 380–420 V Speed: 2850 rpm Frequency: 50 Hz Power factor: cos φ 0.89 Protection class: IP55 Insulation class: F

Condition: excellent (used), For sale, a used KSB ETABLOC-G 32-200/752 centrifugal pump equipped with a 7.5 kW electric motor. Codpszvf Dqefx Abtshb The pump has been inspected – it is fully functional and ready for operation. Pump data: Manufacturer: KSB Aktiengesellschaft Model: ETABLOC-G 32-200/752 Ident-No.: 48862637 Design: G11 No.: 5-927-123823/1 Flow rate Q: 35 m³/h Head H: 61.5–43 m Pump speed: 2900 rpm Additional designation: Pumpen Distel Type: G32-200/752 No.: 198057/2 Motor data: Manufacturer: KSB Type: QUPS 132S2C-60 Power: 7.5 kW Power supply: 3-phase Frequency: 50 Hz Voltage: 380–420 / 660–725 V Current: 14.7–14 / 8.5–8.1 A Speed: 2880 rpm cos φ: 0.90 Protection class: IP55 Insulation class: F Used pump, in good technical condition. Normal signs of use and storage are visible. The visual condition is accurately shown in the photos. The pump has been inspected, is fully functional, and ready for further use. The item for sale is exactly the one shown in the photos.

Condition: excellent (used), Industrial centrifugal pump KSB ETABLOC-GN 32-160/402 with a 4 kW electric motor for sale. Cjdpfx Ajzvdgdsbtohb Pump data: • Manufacturer: KSB • Model: ETABLOC-GN 32-160/402 • Design: GN11 • Identification number: 48861781 • Pump number: 5-925-204031/1 • Flow rate: 17.5–32 m³/h • Head: 37.5–26 m • Pump speed: 2900 rpm Motor data at 50 Hz: • Motor type: QU FA 112M2A-60 • Motor number: 146233 RU • Power: 4 kW • Power supply: three-phase • Voltage: 380–420/660–725 V • Current: 7.8–7.6/4.5–4.4 A • Speed: 2850 rpm • cos φ: 0.91 • Protection class: IP55 • Insulation class: F • Duty cycle: S1 • Motor weight: 29.1 kg

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: an industrial centrifugal pump, KSB ETABLOC-GN 32-125.1/024.1, with a 0.25 kW electric motor. Pump specifications: • Manufacturer: KSB • Model: ETABLOC-GN 32-125.1/024.1 • Design: GN • Pump number: 4-925-104322/2 • Flow rate: 6.0 m³/h • Head: 2.0 m • Pump speed: 960 rpm Motor specifications: • Motor number: 9870132-0090-0003 • Power: 0.25 kW / 0.34 HP • Power supply: three-phase Chodszvdclspfx Abtjb • Voltage: 400/230 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Speed: 890 rpm • Current: 0.85/1.49 A • cos φ: 0.73 • Protection class: IP54 • Insulation class: F • Duty cycle: S1 • Mounting method: IM B14

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: industrial KSB ETABLOC-GN 32-125.1/024.1 centrifugal pump with a 0.25 kW electric motor. Codpezvc Elefx Abtshb Pump specifications: • Manufacturer: KSB • Model: ETABLOC-GN 32-125.1/024.1 • Design: GN • Pump serial number: 4-925-104322/1 • Pump speed: 960 rpm Motor specifications: • Motor serial number: 9870132-0090-0007 • Power: 0.25 kW / 0.34 HP • Power supply: three-phase • Voltage: 400/230 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Speed: 890 rpm • Current: 0.85/1.49 A • cos φ: 0.73 • Protection class: IP54 • Insulation class: F • Operating mode: S1 • Mounting method: IM B14 The motor has a sticker from Eduard Leger GmbH – an authorized KSB service center. The pump is used and is in the condition shown in the pictures. Normal signs of use and storage are visible.

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: an industrial KSB ETABLOC-G 32-125.1/222 centrifugal pump with a 2.2 kW electric motor. Pump specifications: • Manufacturer: KSB • Model: ETABLOC-G 32-125.1/222 • Design: G11 • Identification number: 48862594 • Pump number: 5-927-141345/1 • Flow rate: 3–24.5 m³/h • Head: 27.5–17 m • Pump speed: 2900 rpm Chjdpfozva S Ajx Abteb Motor specifications at 50 Hz: • Motor type: QU FS 90L2A-60 • Motor number: 367694 MX • Power: 2.2 kW • Voltage: 220–240/380–420 V • Current: 7.8–7.2/4.5–4.3 A • Speed: 2850 rpm • cos φ: 0.89 • Protection class: IP55 • Insulation class: F • Operating mode: S1 The unit has a sticker from the Elektromotoren Reparaturwerk ROCK specialist service, indicating an inspection carried out in November 2017. The pump and motor were likely refurbished and inspected by a specialist service. Used condition. Normal signs of use and storage are visible. The exact condition is shown in the pictures.

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: an industrial KSB centrifugal pump, model EB 32-160, equipped with a 4 kW electric motor. Pump specifications: • Manufacturer: KSB – Klein, Schanzlin & Becker AG • Type/Model: EB 32-160 • Pump number: 0-118-886 021 Motor specifications: • Motor number: 3358128-021 • Motor type: AF 112M/2A-11 • Power: 4 kW Chsdpfxozvat Tj Abtsb • Voltage: 380 V • Rotational speed: 2870 rpm • Current: 8.1 A • Frequency: 50 Hz • Protection class: IP54 • cos φ: 0.89 The pump and motor were likely refurbished and inspected by a specialized service in 2024, as indicated by the stickers from Elektromotoren Reparaturwerk ROCK and the 2024 inspection marking. The pump has been inspected by us and is in working order. Used condition. The exact condition of the unit is shown in the photos.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7804 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 350mm - Shaft width: 330mm - Mounted blade: 300mm - Max blade diameter: 400mm - Blade bore diameter: 70mm - Max cutting height with 400mm blade: 150mm - Table dimensions: 2240x770mm – From above: - kickback/retractors - slip roller - retractors - smooth slip roller - shaft with saw blades - 2 slip and pressure shafts – From below: - roller in front of the table - guide - pawls - track - central track lubrication - electric raising of saw blade shaft 0.75kW - electric raising of machine body 0.75kW - variable feed speed adjustment - Extraction nozzle diameter: 320mm - Main motor: 45kW - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2280x1820x2040mm - Weight: 2850kg ADVANTAGES Cedpfx Aozu R Npjbtehb – Czech production – Used multi saw machine – Technical documentation (DTR) – Very good condition Net price: 62,900 PLN Net price: 14,970 EUR depending on EUR rate 4.2 (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 6913 TECHNICAL DATA - track width: 360 mm - shaft width: 350 mm - max. saw blade diameter: 350 mm - blade hole diameter: 80 mm - max. cutting height: 120 mm from above: - pawls - toothed feed shaft - pawls - smooth sliding shaft - shaft with saw blades - pressure sliding shaft from below: - 2 sliding rollers in front of the table - guide - pawls - track - central track lubrication - electric lifting of the saw blade shaft - electric body lifting - stepless feed speed control - feed motor approx. 2.5 kW - main motor 30 kW - overall dimensions L/W/H 2500x2300x1900 mm - weight approx. 4000 kg Cjdezu R H Ispfx Abtjhb ADVANTAGES – Czech manufacture – 2 sliding rollers in the table – used multi-blade saw – very good condition Net price: 31,900 PLN Net price: 7,600 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant exchange rate changes, the price may be adjusted)