Used Varnish for sale (112)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, machine/vehicle number: ZY30124, Technology: UV-Print&Cut InkJet LED Printing technology: Piezoelectric inkjet printer Ibjdovf Icrspfx Agysc Media: Width 182 to 762 mm Thickness Maximum 1.0 mm with cover paper, when printing Maximum 0.4 mm with cover paper and 0.22 mm without cover paper, when cutting Outer roll diameter Maximum 180 mm Roll weight: Maximum 20 kg Inner diameter: 50.8 mm or 76.2 mm Print/cut width: Maximum 736 mm Ink cartridges Type: Roland ECO-UV / ECO-UV S Capacity: 220 cm³, 500 cm³ Colors: ECO-UV: Six colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, black, white and gloss varnish) / ECO-UV S: Five colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, black and white) Ink drying unit Dual UV LED lamp Print resolution (dots per inch / dpi): Maximum 1440 dpi Cutting speed: 10-600 mm/s (10-300 mm/s in media feed direction) Cutting force: 30-300 gf Blade adjustment: 0.000 to 1.500 mm Software resolution (when cutting): 0.025 mm / step

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Gallus EMS 410, 2004 Unwind unit E L electronic web guide Arcotec Corona Treatment unit 7 servo-driven flexo print stations 7 IST UV dryers 7 servo-driven water-cooled chill rolls rail system delam/relam rotary die station with K&B Gapmaster Matrix rewind Magnetic die crane und hoist BST video control Sensotec automatic register control Exit die with nip Rewind touch screen control panel 21 anilox rollers 9 magnetic cylinders 84 print sleeves Ibedpfx Ajv E Rizjgysc Tooling: 12x7 Printing cylinders: 89; 96; 102; 104; 106; 108; 116; 117; 121; 168; 9x Magnetic Cylinders: 89; 96; 102; 104; 108; 112; 116; 117; 120. 1x rubber roller for varnishing. 21x Anilox rollers Good working condition In production, can be inspected at any time

Year of construction: 2002, condition: used, Manufacturer : Comec Model: Micronet-25-COSM Year : 2002 Isdpjx R Dgpsfx Agysbc Type : DISPERSION & MILLING MACHINE   Useful volume : 3 - 22 L Motor power : 4 kW Material : stainless steel Electrical cabinet with variable speed drive. Work cycle timer for automatic stop. Double jacket Top loading of liquids Dispersion by deflocculating turbine + sand milling Continuous recirculation between the upper dispersion basket and the lower grinding chamber until the desired fineness is achieved. Cosmetic applications: Particularly suitable for the stable dispersion of oils in water, the addition of pigments and glues, and the mixing of colourants in products such as nail varnishes.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Year: 2017 Condition: very good, functional Specifikace: - max formát: B2 Winding device that allows use of metalized film (gold, silver, red, etc.) and spot varnish film allpied over print from digital printing machine. Iodpfx Asww Higegyobc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL CONFIGURATION Printing and Drying • 6 flexographic printing units • UV drying system • Hot-air drying system • Combination of UV and water-based ink applications possible, depending on production requirements • Varnishing capability Web Handling • Unwinding unit • Rewinding unit • Automatic web-guiding system • Corona treatment system • Adjustable turn bar system • Turn bar can be positioned flexibly between the individual printing units Converting Equipment • 2 rotary die-cutting stations • 1 die-cutting station equipped with a gap system • Slitting unit • Perforation unit • Inline finishing and converting capability Quality Control • Camera inspection system • Continuous monitoring of print quality and web registration during production Included Accessories The machine is offered together with a selection of production accessories, including: • Magnetic cylinders • Printing cylinders • Anilox rollers A detailed accessory list can be provided upon request. _____ WHY THIS GALLUS EM 280?  Complete Inline Production Solution The machine combines printing, varnishing, die-cutting, perforating, and slitting in one production line. This allows finished labels to be produced in a single pass and reduces additional handling between production stages. Ibodpfxjztqcmj Agyoc  Flexible Six-Color Configuration The six flexographic printing units provide sufficient color capacity for a wide range of standard and premium label applications. The additional varnishing capability enables protective or decorative surface finishing.  UV and Hot-Air Drying The combination of UV and hot-air drying increases production flexibility and allows the machine to process different ink and coating systems.  Flexible Turn Bar System The adjustable turn bar can be positioned between different printing units. This offers additional flexibility for reverse-side printing, adhesive-side printing, and special multilayer label applications.  Two Rotary Die-Cutting Stations The two rotary die-cutting stations allow more complex converting operations to be carried out inline. One station is equipped with a gap system for improved adjustment and production accuracy.  Integrated Quality Inspection The camera inspection system supports continuous quality control during production and helps minimize waste caused by printing or registration errors.  Proven Gallus Engineering The GALLUS EM 280 is known for its mechanical stability, long service life, and straightforward operation. It remains a reliable production platform for medium-sized label converters, specialist applications, and international export markets. Very Well-Maintained Condition The machine is located in Germany and has been maintained in very good overall condition. Based on the available information, we rate the machine at approximately: Condition: ★★★★★☆☆ 8 out of 10 stars.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, General Information • Machine type: Modular flexographic printing and converting press • Maximum printing width: 510 mm Printing Units Number of printing units: 3 Drive system: Dual drive per printing unit Printing technology: Flexographic Plate cylinder pitch: 1/8" Plate Cylinders (1/8") • 3 × Z88 • 3 × Z92 • 3 × Z96 • 3 × Z100 • 3 × Z108 • 3 × Z116 • 3 × Z120 • 3 × Z140 Die-Cutting Units Number of die-cutting stations: 3 Counter-pressure cylinders: 2 stations equipped with adjustable counter-pressure cylinders (Spilker Variabase) Magnetic Cylinders (1/8") • 2 × Z96 • 3 × Z100 • 3 × Z108 • 3 × Z116 • 3 × Z120 • 4 × Z140 • 3 × Z176 • 3 × Z184 • 2 × Z192 • 1 × Z222 Ibjdpex Ngflofx Agyoc Anilox Rollers Total anilox rollers: 13 Volumes (cm³/m²): 4.1 / 5.04 / 6 / 6 / 6.3 / 6.09 / 8 / 8.25 / 9.58 / 13 / 13.51 / 16.57 / 30 • 2 new anilox rollers included Coating & Special Units • Sleeve holders for varnishing: - 3 × sleeve holders Z88 - Including mounting station • Screen printing unit • Laminating station Drying Systems UV systems: 3 × UV units Uviterno, 240 W/cm NIR drying: 2 × NIR modules for water-based systems (Lambda Technology) Web Handling & Rewinding Grid winders: 2 × rail-mounted grid winders (up/down) Rewinder: Double-spindle rewinder for roll-to-roll operation Delivery: Conveyor belt for single labels Web cleaning system Complete set of non-stick rollers Corona & Web Guiding Corona treater: 2 kW (SIT) Web guiding system: • Erhardt+Leimer (E+L) • 2 × ultrasonic sensors • 1 × line sensor Inspection & Register Control Video inspection system: E+L Elscan Register control: • Sensotec • Register control for 5 stations (3 printing + 2 die-cutting) Inserter control for pre-printed rolls

Condition: used, Promac brand paint machine, model S.3P.3L, consisting of paint pump, 3 paint guns, 3 UV lamps for drying and transport tape from 6200 x 10 mm, command panel, timers and ‘manual/automatic’ drives. Promac brand painter, model S.3P.3L, consisting of a varnishing pump, 3 varnishing nozzles, 3 UV drying lamps and a transport belt of 6200 x 10 mm, control panel, timers and drives 'manual/automatic'. Ijdpfx Agjy S Ac Eoyebc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, The machine is equipped with a highly flexible combination of different printing technologies: 8 printing units • 5 x offset printing units • 3 x rotary screen printing units • 2 x flexographic printing/coating units This combination makes the machine particularly suitable for sophisticated label production that requires several printing and finishing processes in a single production line. Included are, among other things: • Numerous printing cylinders • Magnetic cylinders • Extensive anilox rollers • Printing and converting accessories • Screen printing equipment • Additional machine-specific tooling A detailed tooling list can be provided upon request, subject to final inventory. _____ COMPLETE MACHINE CONFIGURATION Printing at all 8 printing units • 5 x offset printing units • 3 x rotary screen printing units • 2 x flexographic printing/coating units Web Handling • Martin Automatic unwinder • Rewinder • Web guiding / web edge control • Corona treatment Drying • UV drying system Inspection • Camera / web inspection system Finishing & Converting • Flexo varnishing station • Rotary hot foil • Cold foil • Rinio embossing unit • Lamination system • Kocher & Beck rotary die-cutting Tooling • Printing cylinders • Magnetic cylinders Iodpfx Agezww N Ujysbc • Anilox rollers • Screen printing accessories • Additional tooling and machine-specific accessories _____

Condition: good (used), Uchida Aero Cut One Creaser, Slitter, and Cutter The machine is fully operational and ready for production. Description: The AeroCut One cuts, perforates, and creases sheets in a single pass. Only one person is needed to operate the device, significantly improving work efficiency and, consequently, reducing costs. The device is programmed using an intuitive touchscreen control panel. Iodpezyz Dbjfx Agyobc Cutting, creasing, perforating Maximum paper size – 370 x 520 mm Min. paper capacity – 55 x 45 mm Maximum grammage – 400 g/m² Speed ​​– 11,130 business cards/h Paper types – offset, coated paper, varnished Feed – belt with adjustable vacuum Creasing – strip-type Memory – 263 programs + 150 user-defined Touchscreen programming PC connectivity Double-feed detection Weight: 240 kg Power supply: 230 V Made in Japan.

Year of construction: 2006, condition: good (used), Configuration • Unwinder • Register Control System • Flexo Unit (Ink / Varnish application) • Laminating / Cold Foil Unit • Die Cutting Unit • GEW UV Dryer • Slitting Unit Iodpfx Agsynkwneyjbc • Rewinder _____ Machine Description The ABG Digicon 1 is designed as a modular finishing solution for digital and flexographic label production. The installed flexo unit allows varnish or spot colour application. The laminating / cold foil module enables added-value embellishment. The die-cutting and slitting units ensure precise finishing and roll conversion. The semi-rotary functionality provides cost-efficient short-run flexibility, while full-rotary mode enables higher productivity. _____

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, For sale: Industrial UV LED flatbed printer Mutoh ValueJet 626UF purchased new in 2020 for 22305 eur. Very little used. Perfect machine for personalized gifts, awards, packaging prototypes, and promotional items. Comes with the original Rotary Unit for direct printing on cylindrical objects(bottles, tumblers, mugs, etc.). Features & Condition: - Year of Manufacture (YOM): 2020 - Ink configuration: CMYK + White + Varnish (enables premium finishes and 3D textures). - Printhead condition: new printing heads can be added for addition cost. Iedpszdrwmsfx Agysbc

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Varnishing machine consisting of an automatic applicator and a drying tunnel. UV varnish application using rollers. Laying using an automatic stacker. Varnishing format B1+ Ijdpswhdbnefx Agysbc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, Xeikon CX500 Digital Label Press – (Roll-to-roll digital dry-toner press) Year of Manufacture: 2018 Print Media Handling • Roll-to-roll configuration with variable repeat length • Print width: 508 mm • Print speed: 20 m/min (65.6 ft/min), depending on substrate grammage • Media weight: 40 – 350 gsm (27 lb text to 130 lb cover) Print Engine • 5-color dry toner technology • Resolution: 1200 dpi • Color configuration: o CMYK o Single-pass opaque white o Gamut extension o Custom spot colors _____ GM DC5V8-BX Converting & Finishing System Year of Manufacture: 2011 Web Specifications • Web width: 200 – 520 mm • Substrate thickness: 20 – 200 microns • Machine speed (semi-rotary): up to 55 m/min Main Units & Features • Unwind unit (max. diameter: 700 mm) • BST web guide with splice table • Servo-controlled flexo printing unit • UV curing unit Ibedpfjx Hh A Hjx Agysc • Laminating unit • Vetaphone corona treater • Die-cutting unit o Plate size: 50.8 mm – 520.7 mm o Magnetic cylinder: Z200 • Waste rewinder (diameter: 500 mm) • Slitting unit • Two rewind stations • Pre-installed buffer system for Xeikon digital press • Touch-screen operator control panel _____ SYSTEM BENEFITS When combined, the Xeikon digital press and GM DC5V8-BX finishing line form a complete end-to-end label production workflow, enabling: • High-quality digital printing • Inline or nearline converting • Flexo varnish, lamination, die-cutting, slitting, rewinding • Fast job changeovers • Efficient production of short, medium, and long runs Ideal for label converters seeking a compact, flexible, and fully integrated solution. _____ CONDITION OF THE MACHINES • Both machines are in good used condition • Fully operational prior to decommissioning • Offered as part of a combined setup for optimal productivity _____

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, OMET X6 Year of manufacture: 2016 Web width: 430 mm Condition: Very good – well maintained, in production Availability: End of 2026 Location: Europe Technical Configuration – 6 x Flexo printing units (servo-driven, sleeve system) – Printing on self-adhesive materials – 6 x UV curing lamps – Extended varnishing on last printing unit – Turn bar (web turning device) – 2 x Die-cutting units – 1 x GapMaster system – 3 x Sheet-off die-cutting stations with delivery belt – Sheet delivery with evacuation conveyor Equipment – 3 x Sleeve sets – 6 x Anilox rollers – 3 x Magnetic cylinders Application and Advantages The OMET X6 is a high-performance flexographic press combining state-of-the-art servo technology with the flexibility of sleeve systems. It offers: – Fast job changes with minimal downtime – High register accuracy and consistent print quality – Versatility for both roll-to-roll and sheeted label production – Efficient inline finishing capabilities (die-cutting, varnishing, sheeting) – Ideal for medium to long runs and frequent job changes Ibedpfx Aeyyn U Aegysc General Condition The machine is in very good condition, professionally maintained, and currently in operation. Inspection and test runs can be arranged at any time by appointment.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0308 Brand: AGLA Model: 900 Roll polishing machine for polyester and varnish - It is suitable for buffing of high gloss polyester or polyurethane paints, metals, marble and similar materials Sturdy structure Isdpfjy Ud Dpsx Agyebc Table dimensions mm 2950 x 850 Working width mm 900 Working height mm 700 Brush diameter mm 300 Motor Hp 10 Automatic table lifting Overall dimensions mm 3100 x 1750 x 1650 h Weight kg 1200

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, S.C.T. - ASP1020 - screen printing cylinder for UV varnishing Year 2006 Max. size: 1,020 x 740 mm Min. size: 560 x 370 mm Max. varnishing area: 1,020 x 720 mm Control panel Ibedpfxozx Duys Agyoc Paper weight: 120 – 350 g/m2 Frame format: 1,140 x 1,280 mm Stack height: 700 mm Speed: 1,000 – 3,000 sheets/hour Dual tunnel: IR / UV In production Available immediately

Condition: good (used), Code: 0281 Brand: AGLA GALLI Model: 2 R 130 Isdpfox Db Nfex Agyjbc Automatic 2 roll polishing machine for polyester and varnish - It is suitable for buffing of high gloss polyester or polyurethane paints, metals, marble and similar materials N° 2 inclined rollers - Thanks to this inclination, the rotating brushes, by oscillating, ensure a perfect polishing of the surfaces to be treated REVERSE" system , which restrains softens the reverses even with heavy materials like marble, wooden panels, etc. Length of 2 rollers mm 1300 Roller diameter mm 300 Useful working length mm 4300 Useful working width mm 1300 Max panel height mm 120 Motor hp 15 x 2 Working table height from mm 950 to mm 1180 Suction mouth diameter mm 200 Overall dimensions mm 5000 x 2350 x 1750 h Weight kg 2500

Year of construction: 2007, condition: good (used), Gallus TCS 250 • Year of manufacture: 06/2007 • Origin: Switzerland • Web width: 250 mm class • Approximate machine length: 14,041 mm • Unwinding unit with web guide and web tension control • TEKNEK web cleaning system • TANTEC corona pre-treatment system • 5 offset printing units • AP ink dosing system • 1 rotary screen printing unit • 1 varnishing unit • UVITERNO COLDSTAR water-cooled UV drying system • Flatbed die-cutting unit • Delivery unit with longitudinal slitting • Waste matrix rewinding • Rewinding unit • Insetting system • Technotrans alpha.c cooling/peripheral system Condition: Visual condition: 8/10 Technical condition: 8/10 Machine appears complete and well-maintained Final technical inspection and test run recommended before purchase Commercial terms and additional points: Isdpfx Asy Idt Dogyjbc Incoterms: FCA, available loaded on truck Availability: November 2026 Location: Germany

Year of construction: 2006, condition: good (used), ABG Digicon 1 Year of manufacture: 2006 Machine type: Label converting and finishing machine Condition: Used – good working condition Location: Germany Technical Configuration  Die-cutting station – 152 teeth  Semi-rotary operation possible  Full rotary operation possible  1 UV curing unit  1 air dryer Iedpfx Agsyrg Rfoyobc  Lamination unit installed  Cold foil possible (rollers missing)  Crush knife slitting system Equipment • 1 anilox roller – 140 lpi / volume 8.5 • 2 print cylinders • 4 varnish cylinders • 4 ink trays • 1 additional fountain roller • Core holders: – 2 × 40 mm core – 2 × 45 mm core – 4 × 76 mm core Application and Advantages The ABG Digicon is a well-known converting platform designed for efficient label finishing. It is suitable for: • Rotary and semi-rotary die cutting • Varnishing and coating applications • Lamination processes • Slitting and rewinding Thanks to its flexible configuration, the machine allows label converters to efficiently perform finishing operations after printing, increasing productivity and reducing handling steps. ABG is recognized worldwide as a specialist in finishing and converting equipment for the label industry, known for precision engineering, reliability, and long service life.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, The Canon Arizona 1360 XT is a high-productivity, mid-volume UV LED flatbed printer designed for versatile large-format graphics. It features an extra-large (XT) table and 6 colour channels for expanded application possibilities. Ibsdpfxsylwhne Agyoc Colour configuration: CMYK+W+W (conversion of one channel to varnish possible without cost) Manufacturing year: 2020 Mileage: 25.000m² only! Print head status: perfect Print area: 3,08x2,50 meters Roll option: not available In production, demo possible Location: Western Europe For further technical information please refer to enclosed brochure Key Specifications & Performance Media Size: Supports rigid substrates up to 2.50 x 3.08 meters (98.4 x 121.3 inches) and up to 50.8 mm (2.0 inches) thick. Print Speed: Reaches up to 52.8 m²/h in High-Key mode. Color Channels: 6 independent channels, typically configured as CMYK plus White or Varnish for high-value applications. Resolution: Uses VariaDot technology with variable drop sizes (6 to 42 picoliters) for near-photographic quality and sharp text down to 2 pt

Year of construction: 2005, condition: good (used), Year of manufacture: 2005 Machine type: Label converting and finishing machine Ibsdsyrg Nzepfx Agyjc Condition: Used – good working condition Location: Germany Technical Configuration: • Die-cutting station – 152 teeth • Semi-rotary operation possible • Full rotary operation possible • 1 UV curing unit • 1 air dryer • Lamination unit installed • Cold foil application possible (rollers missing) • Crush knife slitting system Equipment: • 1 anilox roller – 140 lpi / volume 8.5 • 2 printing cylinders • 4 lacquer cylinders • 4 ink trays • 1 extra fountain roller • Core holders: – 2 × core 40 mm – 2 × core 45 mm – 4 × core 76 mm Application and Advantages: The ABG Digicon is a renowned converting platform engineered for efficient label finishing. Suitable for: • Rotary and semi-rotary die cutting • Varnishing and coating processes • Lamination • Slitting and rewinding With its flexible configuration, the machine enables label converters to efficiently perform post-printing finishing operations, enhancing productivity and reducing handling steps. ABG is globally recognized as a specialist in finishing and converting equipment for the label industry, known for precision engineering, reliability, and long service life.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, This UV printer replaces conventional laser printers – it also enables color printing on glass, wood, textiles, plastic, metal, and many other materials. New model: Freecolor PS10157V C M Y K LC LM + White Print head: Epson TX800 2690 dpi max. Includes software for printer control and image editing. Dimensions: 2.30 x 1.98 x 1.34 m Weight: 650 kg 360-degree printing capability: bottles/round objects (additional cost) A1+ size 100x150 cm and a printing height of 70 mm are possible. 8 x 500 ml of ink can be supplied (additional cost). + Varnish function included. Ibedpfsd Hydcsx Agyjc Software settings and printer explanation can be provided on request, throughout Germany/Europe (additional cost). Printing videos, etc., can be sent by email/WhatsApp.

Condition: good (used), Used, electrically heated stainless steel tank / transport container Article number: 10453 Last use: Paints and varnishes Volume: 1000 L Type: Standing, in a galvanized frame Material (in contact with media): 1.4301 / AISI304 Design: With electric heating and insulation Bottom: Curved Top: Curved Operating pressure according to nameplate: 0.20 bar Tank dimensions: Iedpfxofdgrae Agysbc Overall width: 1010 mm Overall length: 1200 mm Overall height: 1860 mm Distance from outlet to bottom: 340 mm Materials: Inside: 1.4301 / AISI 304 Frame: Stainless steel Equipment: Nameplate: Yes Outlet type: Pump Electric heating

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, XpertJet 1462UF, Flatbed LED UV Printer, fully refurbished, including on-site installation UV-LED flatbed printer featuring a moving gantry beam system and a table size of 1420 mm x 700 mm. With two staggered printheads for independent CMYK and White/Varnish printing and two 4-inch wide UV curing lamps, flawless 2-layer printing can be achieved without any loss in speed. The XPJ-1462UF covers a wide range of applications, including 2.5D direct printing, industrial printing, packaging, awards, signage, and display printing—including braille text. An attractive all-in-one solution for screen printers looking to expand their workflow with digital direct-to-object printing, and for industrial printers seeking to increase their service offering with more versatility and color. Advantages: - 6 colors: C, M, Y, K, White, and Varnish - Four-zone magnetic vacuum bed, capable of supporting loads up to 50 kg/m2 - Can print on objects up to 150 mm thick - Automated media height and obstacle detection - Two Piezo drop-on-demand inkjet printheads, staggered arrangement for fast multi-layer printing - Automated nozzle check unit reduces print losses and downtime - Next-generation UV-LED ink – SVHC- and CMR-free, stretchable, scratch-resistant, and compatible with a wide variety of media - Original VerteLith RIP software includes numerous features for UV printing: multi-page PDF support for variable data, fixture referencing, embossing presets, and a texture library with 100 different patterns. Printhead Technology: 2× Epson (staggered) Two Piezo drop-on-demand inkjet printheads, staggered for fast multi-layer printing. Print resolution: max. 1,440 dpi Max. print area: 1,420 x 700 x 150 mm Four-zone magnetic vacuum bed – up to 50 kg/m2 load capacity Height adjustment: automatic thickness setting 2 × 4” multi-segment UV-LED curing lamps Next-generation Mutoh UV-LED ink US61/UH21 – SVHC- and CMR-free, stretchable, scratch-resistant, compatible with many substrates Interface: GB-Ethernet (1000BASE-T) Dimensions (L x W x H): Printing system: 2,770 x 1,459 x 1,569 mm Weight: approx. 500 kg Scope of delivery: XPJ-1462UF printer Ibedjy I Ud Hepfx Agysc Operating instructions VerteLith™ RIP software Start-up cleaning set (8 cartridges of 220 ml each) Ink adapters (6 per set) Tower lamp, foot pedal, cables

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, OMET FLEXY S330 Year of Manufacture: 2008 _____ Technical Specifications: - Number of Colors: 8 - Web Width: 350 mm - Print Width: 330 mm - Drying System: o UV drying on all stations o 3 additional hot air dryers Unwinder: Single Rewinder: Double _____ Additional features: - 3 Corona Treaters - 1 turn bar - Material thickness: Min. 50 μm, Max. 350 μm Ibsdpfeu St R Esx Agysc - 1 Turn Bar for cold foil lamination - 2 Cutting Stations - 1 Laminating Unit for varnishing and self-adhesive lamination - Coldfoil - Camera Inspection _____