Used Amada Schiavi for sale (196)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, stroke length: 100 mm, throat depth: 400 mm, oil tank capacity: 50 l, total length: 2,700 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, controller manufacturer: TASK, controller model: MASTER 3AX, working width: 2,000 mm, bending force (max.): 35 t, back gauge: 600 mm, distance between stands: 1,800 mm, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, Equipment: lower tooling, upper tooling, Schiavi Amada GH630A guillotine shear, 3100 mm blade, 6 mm cutting capacity. Fully operational and equipped with PRG910 backgauge with a stop up to 1000 mm. Bodpjygu Uhefx Af Ajwu

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1996, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: TASK, controller model: MASTER 3 AX, working width: 2,500 mm, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, control voltage: 380 V, oil tank capacity: 70 l, overall weight: 5,000 kg, total length: 2,800 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, year of last overhaul: 2026, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, finger protection, type plate available, Press brake SCHIAVI - AMADA RG 50-25 Bsdpfjygu Alex Af Ajwu Press force 50 tons Table length 2550 mm MASTER TASK 3-axis CNC control Complete with upper and lower dies Fully functional and connected for tests and video

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1989, We are offering this Amada Promecam ITS 50-20 press brake in very good condition, manufactured in 1989. Manufacturer: Amada Promecam Bsdpfxezp Siae Af Ajwu If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Year of construction: 2001, condition: ready for operation (used), number of axes: 10, Hydraulic press manufactured in 2001. This AMADA's SCHIAVI HFB 220-40 features a robust 4000 x 220 Tons capacity and includes advanced safety features such as side and rear guards, and photocells that comply with regulations. With a use and maintenance manual provided, this refurbished machine is CE compliant. Consider the opportunity to buy this AMADA's SCHIAVI HFB 220-40 hydraulic press. Contact us for further details. • Capacity: 220 tons • Axes: 10-axis (Y1, Y2, X1, X2, R1, R2, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4) • Crowning: Automatic, Schiavi-patented • CNC: Task 84 Bwjdpfjyitfdex Af Aeu • Safety: Side and rear guards; photocells; CE compliant • Condition: Refurbished • Documentation: Use and maintenance manual Technical Specification Bending Length 4000 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, pressing force: 125 t, stroke length: 400 mm, total length: 4,000 mm, total width: 2,175 mm, total height: 3,500 mm, overall weight: 15,000 kg, Brand: Amada - Schiavi Model: NMP 125/3 Serial number: 005-8250 Year: 2000 Weight: 15,000 kg Motor: 9 kW Axes: Y1, Y2, X, R, Z1, Z2, Z3 CNC: Amada TASK 84 Capacity: 125 tons Stroke: 400 mm Gooseneck length: 410 mm Rapid traverse speed: 200 mm/s Bwjdpfx Afsz Dvlls Aju Working speed: 1-10 mm/s Return speed: 180 mm/s Distance between uprights: 2700 mm Dimensions: 4000 x 2175 x 3500 (h) mm *Supplied with a NEW 60x60mm multi-V die (16, 22, 32, 50 mm) at 3100 mm. Supplied with a NEW Promecam 85º h135 r0.8mm punch at 3100 mm. Supplied with a new side safety laser.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 54,484 h, machine/vehicle number: 048, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser source manufacturer: Fanuc, laser hours: 16,175 h, laser power: 3,500 W, table length: 3,000 mm, type of cooling: water, overall weight: 8,300 kg, total width: 1,500 mm, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, To sell used Amada laser cutting machine in continious operation. Located in Poland, Bykow. LCG 3015 LST Bedpoz Di E Sefx Af Ajwu Laser cutting: 16175 h Machine operating: 30437 h Machine on: 55747 Machine in operation, maintenence records availible. Availible now.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 26,787 h, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, controller manufacturer: FANUC, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser source manufacturer: FANUC, laser power: 4,000 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 10 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 12 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 8 mm, type of cooling: water, Equipment: CE marking, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, fume extraction, safety light barrier, Amada Alpha LC2415NT 4 kW laser cutting system with loading and unloading unit, as well as storage tower with 7 storage positions (LKI). Suitable for both single-part and high-volume production. Regularly serviced by technicians; condition according to operating hours is very good. The chiller unit is equipped with a connection for heat recovery. The system has been dismantled, stored in an external warehouse, and can be inspected at any time. Maximum sheet size: 3000x1500mm. Bsdpfx Asyfl U Nof Aowu

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, For sale: a professional electric CNC bending press, AMADA HFE M2 100-3. Operates very quietly due to its electric drive. The machine is in full working order and has been regularly serviced by Amada. It can be inspected and tested. The machine is sold without tooling. We can offer new tooling based on your requirements. Bwedpfx Afozrwc De Asu Key information: Manufacturer: AMADA Model: HFE M2 100-3 Date of manufacture: 2015.06 Bending force: 100 T (1000 kN) Working length: 3000 mm Maximum bending length: 3340 mm Technical parameters: Distance between columns: 2705 mm Stroke: 200 mm Depth (to side frame): 420 mm Approach speed: 100 mm/s Working speed: 10 mm/s Return speed: 100 mm/s Power consumption: 10.5 kW Machine dimensions: Length: 4385 mm Width: 2430 mm Height: 2680 mm Weight: 6700 kg Equipment and accessories: Controller: Amada touch screen Upper tool clamping: Amada manual clamping Back gauge: X, R automatic. Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 mechanical. Laser protection: CE – AKAS automatic laser If you have any further questions, we will be happy to answer them.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, For sale: professional hydraulic CNC bending press AMADA HFE M2 170-3. The machine is in full working order and has been regularly serviced by Amada. It can be inspected and tested. The machine is sold without tooling. We can offer new tooling based on your requirements. Key information: Manufacturer: AMADA Model: HFE M2 170-3 Date of manufacture: 2015.06 Bending force: 170 T (1700 kN) Working length: 3000 mm Maximum bending length: 3340 mm Motor hours: 16,615.07 Technical parameters: Distance between columns: 2700 mm Stroke: 200 mm Depth (to side frame): 420 mm Approach speed: 100 mm/s Working speed: 10 mm/s Return speed: 100 mm/s Power consumption: 18 kW Machine dimensions: Length: 4470 mm Width: 2625 mm Height: 3140 mm Weight: 12400 kg Bedpszrw Akofx Af Aowu Equipment and features: Controller: Amada touch screen Upper tool clamping: Amada manual clamping Back gauge: X, R automatic. Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 mechanical. Laser protection: CE – AKAS automatic laser If you have any further questions, we will be happy to answer them.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 100 h, Equipment: type plate available, Amada GS II 630 EVO sheet metal shear model year 2018, Working width 3050mm, max sheet thickness steel 40-45kg/mm2/6.35mm Max. sheet thickness stainless steel 60kg/mm2/4mm, aluminum max. sheet thickness 30kg/mm2/8mm. Accessories Side guide front stop beam 1m, Front stop beam 1m 2pcs, Standard lever stop 2pcs, Ball support 1.5m 3pcs. Cutting quantity 15,000 times. Pump operating hours 100h. Very little used Bsdpjziviwefx Af Ajwu

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 8,650 h, control type: CNC control, laser hours: 8,650 h, laser power: 2,000 W, AMADA CNC Fiber Laser LCG-3015 AJ 2 kW Fiber skid table CT no.: 84561000 / Japan / no preferential origin AMNC Multi Media controller 2000 watt laser power AJ fiber laser Principle: flying optic 3-axis direct drive (X/Y/Z) oil shot function Including sensor cutting head Including lens quick-change system Including cutting lens 150, 190, 190 AX mm Including NC gas control Including NC focus control Including clean cut, high-pressure cutting Including aluminum cut function Including air purge system Including safety according to CE Including shuttle table PCLCG3015 Year of manufacture 04/2014 Bwodpfeycf N Iex Af Aju

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, power: 17 kW (23.11 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 35 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, pressing force: 220 t, stroke length: 180 mm, table width: 4,000 mm, overall weight: 16,000 kg, We offer this used Amada HFBO press brake, manufactured in 1999. Date of manufacture: 01.10.1999 Serial number: HFBO22040H991018 Bending length: 4,000 mm Maximum force: 2200 kN Maximum stroke: 180 mm Bedjzzknrjpfx Af Aowu Voltage: 400/415 V Frequency: 50 Hz Installed power: 17 kW Rated current: 35 A Number of phases: 3 Machine weight: 16,000 kg Machine stopping time: 80 ms Machine stopping distance: 9 mm If you have any questions or require further information, please send a message or contact us by phone.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, For sale: a professional hydraulic guillotine, AMADA PROMECAM GX 630, manufactured in 2002. Reliable industrial guillotine shears designed for precise sheet metal cutting. Maximum cutting length: 3050 mm, steel thickness: up to 6 mm. The machine is connected and fully operational; it can be inspected, tested, and trial cuts can be performed. Bedpfx Afsz A Amge Aswu New cutting blades were replaced approximately two years ago. The guillotine cuts accurately and cleanly. Key Information: Manufacturer: AMADA PROMECAM Model: GX 630 Year of Manufacture: 2002 Serial Number: C020110 Working Length: 3050 mm Max. Steel Thickness: 6 mm Cutting Force: 197 kN Power: 5.5 kW / 7.5 HP Power Supply: 400–415 V / 50 Hz Current: 16 A NC Control and Back Gauge The machine is equipped with an AMADA NC controller, allowing the operator to set the required cutting dimension and the number of cuts. The programmable back gauge, up to 1000 mm, automatically adjusts to the required position, making it convenient to perform repetitive cuts of the same size. Equipment: AMADA NC control system Programmable back gauge up to 1000 mm Hydraulic sheet clamping system Adjustable blade gap according to the thickness of the sheet being cut Front table extension for large sheets Front sheet support Foot pedal control New cutting blades, replaced approximately 2 years ago The machine is connected and fully operational; it can be inspected and tested. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to ask.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 7,998 h, machine/vehicle number: 43610191, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, We are offering an Amada EML 3610NT punch laser combination machine for sale. The offered machine is used and in a very good condition. Main features of the machine (overall): - Possibility of combining punching and laser burning Bjdpfx Aeum R T Sof Aowu - automatic pick-up of details (suction cups for 45kg, small amount of perforation recommended) and exchange of pallets during the operation of the machine - automatic sheet feeding maximum length 3050x1500 and collection of residues after cutting, possibility of sheet loading during machine operation - automatic bale delivery 1500x400mm (two conveyor belts for details) - turning station with 41 fixed and 4 rotating stations - 3 manually adjustable paws - cutting elements on length 3020x1500 - Laser cutting length 2000x1500 - max. sheet thickness 6mm (due to brush table) - thread function - pneumatic hold-down device Accessories for the machine: - Light barrier - Thread cutting set - Sensor for bale chute - System for chip extraction - Separate lubrication of punching and threading tools - Bending sensors for sheet metal - A conveyor belt that pulls out the punching waste Machine data as of 17.09.2024 - Time of the running machine: 7998 hours - Operating time: 2972 hours - Cutting time: 1196 hours - Working time of the resonator: 6154 hours AMADA EML3610NT - Max. Cutting force: 300 kN - Power (laser efficiency): 4kW (CO2) - Type: EML-NT - No. 43610191 - Model:EML3610NT - Year of manufacture: 2014 November - Total value of the connection to the network: 400V/68.3 kVA - Connected load: 85 kVA - Compressed air connection: 8 bar; 48 m3/h - Width of the guarded area: 30m (max) - Minimum safety distance: 1.36 m - Response time of the machine + total response time of the firewall: 320ms - Stop time: 300 ms - Machine braking distance: 180mm - Weight of the punching/laser machine: 24,000 kg PRIII (reception of finished parts) - Model: PR III 300 L 2P - No.: 2424 - Year of construction: 2013 - Connection to the network: 400/50V/Hz - Max. Power supply: 8.5 kW - Compressed air connection: 6 bar 1000 l/min. - Dimensions and weight of the elements to be collected: Workpiece thickness from 0.5 to 3mm Min.150x150mm max. 2500x1000mm with a weight of no more than 45kg - Machine weight (PRIII): 4600 kg ASIII MP (sheet feeder) - Model: ASIII MP 300 - No.: 2994 - Year of construction: 2015 - Connection to the network: 400/50V/Hz - Max. Power supply: 12kW - Compressed air connection: 6 bar 1000 l/min. - Size of sheets that can be stored: Max. 3000x1500mm Minimum steel thickness 1000x300mm from 0.5 to 8mm Weight of a single sheet no more than 300kg - Machine weight (PRIII): 12 000 kg The price is for the entire machine only. The price does not include Tools, dismantling, transportation and commissioning If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. The machine is offered in different sources. If you are interested, please confirm availability.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Model Amada HFE M2 103t x 3110 3m, 4 axis Press Brake Year 2011 Tonnage 100 tonnes Max. Bend Length 3110 mm Stroke Length 200 mm Approach Speed 1 - 100 mm/sec Bending Speed 1 - 10 mm/sec Return Speed 1 - 100 mm/sec Oil Capacity 110L Motor Power Bedpoyym Hwofx Af Aewu Weight 6600 Kg guarding Erwin Sick machine mounted light screen,side and rear interlocked fencing Dimensions Machine Length 4535 mm Machine Depth 2580 mm Machine Height 2680 mm Distance Between Side Frames 2705mm Beam width 60 mm Table height 960 mm Open Height 470 mm Throat Depth 420 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, MODEL AMADA TOGU EU PRESCISION TOOL GRINDING MACHINE WHEEL CBN 150 MAX TOOL DIAMETER 160 MAX GRINDING DEPTH ,ONE CYCLE, 0.99 SPINDLE MOTOR 1.5KW SPINDLE MOTOR SPEED 3000 RPM Bwodpfx Aezx Sixof Aju VERTICAL TRAVERSE 200 MACHINE WEIGT 470 KGS PWOER CONSUMPTION 4.8 KVA

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 15,996 h, input voltage: 400 V, overall weight: 6,750 kg, 1000 KN Max. stroke: 200 Bwedpfstwliwox Af Asu Weight: 6750 Noise level: 74 dB Year of manufacture: 07/2010 Voltage: 400 V / 50Hz Rated current: Current operating hours: 15,996 hours with manual angle measurement and correction system with safety laser UVV inspection on a regular basis / maintenance always carried out by Amada on a regular basis Accessories: Tool die: 2 pieces UKB 20.478 V8/12 30° 835mm 3 pieces UKB 20.344 V4/V7 88° 835mm Tool holder: 4 pieces UKB substructure for double V die 20.287 + 60.919 835mm Bending swords: 5 pieces UKB 10.261 H100 R0.6/90° 2 pieces UKB 11.158 H80 R0.6/30° 2 pieces UKB 11.200 H66 R0.8/90° Other: Light barrier in need of repair (new price approx. €4500) – separately as a replacement as an attachment (has been renewed) The machine can be inspected under power in DE84051 Mettenbach by appointment. Sale only to commercial customers and with exclusion of any warranty!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 417 h, Amada HFE M2 5012 Press Brake (2021) Manufacturer: Amada Type: HFE M2 5012 Press Brake Condition: used, currently in production Year of manufacture: 10/2020 Operating hours: 6830 h Working hours: 417 h (still in use) Pressing force (kN): 500 Press beam length (mm): 1270 Distance between machine uprights (mm): 1035 Stroke (mm): 150 Opening width without die holder (mm): 480 Overhang (mm): 100 Working height (mm): 920 Working speed (mm/sec): 15 Approach speed (mm/sec): 185 Opening speed (mm/sec): 185 Dimensions: Length (mm): 2585 Width (mm): 2190 Bsdpfx Aozwppyof Aowu Height (mm): 2420 Weight (kg): 3600

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 443 h, Model Amada HFE MK2 80 x 2500 , 4 axis Hydraulic Downstroking Press Brake VERY LOW HOURS 443 Year 2014 Tonnage 80 tonnes Max. Bend Length 2500 mm Stroke Length 200 mm Approach Speed 1 - 100 mm/sec Bending Speed 1 - 10 mm/sec Return Speed 1 - 100 mm/sec Oil Capacity 110L Motor Power 9kw Weight 5600 Kg guarding Erwin Sick machine mounted light screen guards, side and rear interlocked fencing Bjdozmtqaspfx Af Aewu Dimensions Machine Length 3950 mm Machine Depth 2580 mm Machine Height 2540 mm Distance Between Side Frames 2125mm Beam width 60 mm Table height 960 mm Open Height 470 mm Throat Depth 420 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: H981224, functionality: fully functional, power: 11 kW (14.96 HP), pressing force: 170 t, stroke length: 180 mm, operating speed: 8 mm/s, reverse speed: 80 mm/s, table width: 180 mm, table length: 4,230 mm, table height: 960 mm, throat depth: 410 mm, clearance between the columns: 3,760 mm, oil tank capacity: 150 l, total length: 4,500 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, total height: 2,900 mm, overall weight: 13 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, safety light barrier, This machine is still operational and can be inspected at the factory in Northern Germany. Working length: 4100 mm Distance between uprights: 3650 mm Pressing force: 170 tons Controlled axes: Y1/Y2; X1/X2; R1/R2; Z1/Z2 Motor-adjustable rear stop Overhang: 300 mm Stroke: 200 mm Crowning Working height: 960 mm Motor power: 13 kW Dimensions (length x width x height): approx. 4500 x 2200 x 2900 mm Weight: approx. 14 tons Bwodpfx Afozvliyj Aou Accessories: 1 set of tools

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 16,381 h, Used AMADA press brake Model: HFT 130-4 Capacity: 4000 x 130T Bwsdpfxeykyuzj Af Asu Number of axes: 4 Y1 Y2 X and R AMADA automatic table crowning CNC: CD2000 Axes retrofitted with new drive units New safety light curtains along entire length Fast working speed (laser): 100 mm/sec Clearance between uprights: 3,760 mm Total length: 5,480 mm Depth: 3,000 mm Height: 2,900 mm Weight: 11.5 tonnes Machine videos available on request.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: C11008, working width: 3,000 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 6 mm, overall weight: 7,500 kg, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. sheet thickness: 6 mm Max. working width: 3,000 mm Back gauge type: Electric Back gauge depth: 1,000 mm MACHINE DETAILS Bedpfx Afjz Ebbuj Aewu Drive type: Hydraulic Control: Conventional Power: 5.5 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 3,600 x 2,000 x 1,950 mm Shipping weight: 7,500 kg Shipping packages: 1 unit EQUIPMENT Documentation Angle adjustment: Manual Shear gap adjustment: Manual Finger guard: Fixed

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2008, Equipment: CE marking, angle stop, documentation/manual, emergency stop, finger protection, foot remote control, safety light barrier, type plate available, The machine is in good condition, fully functional, and can be tested on site. Bjdpezkgf Eefx Af Ajwu

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, 2007 Amada LC3015 XI NT, Co2 Laser Cutting Machine with CNC Control with Stacker, Donaldson Torit DCE Dust Collector & Riedel Chiller Bodpfx Aez E R Idsf Aswu Comprising: Amada LC3015 XI NT Laser Cutting Machine. 'X' Axis 3,100mm x 'Y' Axis 1,550mm x 'Z' Axis 120mm. Sheet Size 3,000mm x 1,500mm, Max 20mm Thick. Max Weight 730kg. 40CFX, 4,000 Watt Co2 Laser Resonator. Automatic Pallet Changer. BWS Transformer. Operating Terminal Beiyer E700 Stand Alone Control. Riedel Stand Alone PC 1001.1MS5.1 Chiller (2007). LKI, AS LUL 300XI Automated Compact Storage, Loading & Unloading Tower System (S/No. 1294) (2006). Sheet Size Max 3,000mm x 1,500mm, Minimum 2,000mm x 1,000mm, Thickness Max/Min 20mm/0.5mm. Mitsubishi Q Series PLC. (2) Sick MSLE03-24011 Beam Sensors. Donaldson Torit DCE Stand Alone Dust Extractor with Donaldson TCB Total Control Board. Weight of Laser Cutting Machine Approx 10,500kg. Dimensions Approx 6,500mm x 3,200mm x 2,100mm. Weight of Stacker Approx 11,000kg. Dimensions Approx 4,450mm x 2,700mm x 4,860mm High. Dimensions of Dust Extractor Approx 1,500mm x 1,400mm x 3,200mm High. Dimensions of Chiller Approx 2,860mm x 1,130mm x 2,000mm High. Power Supply 415 Volt, 3 Phase. Viewing Recommended. Please Note Technical Details of Stacker Shown within the Pictures.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, controller manufacturer: Amada, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, FOR SALE: Amada HPF 100-3 CNC Hydraulic Press Brake Amada HPF 100-3 – Reliable CNC Press Brake for Heavy-Duty Sheet Metal Work We are offering a used Amada HPF 100-3 CNC hydraulic press brake in [good / fully operational] condition. This is a well-established machine from one of the world’s leading manufacturers of sheet metal machinery, ideal for a wide range of industrial bending operations. Key Specifications Bwedpfx Afey Hf Tpj Asu - Pressing force: 100 tonnes (1,000 kN) - Maximum bending length: 3,100 mm - Distance between frames: 2,700 mm - Stroke length: 200 mm - Throat depth: 420 mm - Open height: 470 mm - CNC control: Amada Operateur / OP 2000 - Number of axes: 7 (Y1, Y2, X, R, Z1, Z2 + crowning) - Motor power: 9–11 kW - Approximate machine weight: 6,750 kg Machine Details - Year of manufacture: 2002 - Condition: Good! - Tooling included Why Buy This Machine? The Amada HPF 100-3 is a robust and precise hydraulic press brake engineered for demanding, high-volume production environments. The Amada CNC control simplifies the programming and storage of complex bending sequences, making it ideal for both batch and repeat production. With a bending length of 3,100 mm and a capacity of 100 tonnes, it covers the majority of industrial sheet metal forming requirements.