Used Jointer Thicknesser for sale (329)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, SCM Combination Planer/Thicknesser 2252 Year of manufacture: 1995 Manufacturer: SCM (Italy) S/N AB 44714 good condition, from a training facility Planing & thickness width 500–520 mm Planing table length     ~2000–2200 mm Cutterhead Ø 120 mm, 4 knives (HSS/TERSA) Motor power     5.5 kW (400 V) Thicknessing height   3 – ~235 mm Feed speed 5 – 17 m/min Table adjustment  manual (planing), electric with display (thicknessing) Extraction connection   Ø 120 mm The SCM 2252 is a robust combination machine ideal for craft applications. Cast iron tables, HSS cutterhead, stepless feed, motor-driven thicknessing table adjustment with display and mortising attachment make it a versatile work tool. Easy table adjustment for changing to thickness planing (spring assist) Planer part (planing function) Working width: approx. 500–520 mm Table length: about 2000–2200 mm Cutterhead: d = approx. 120 mm with 4 HSS knives Power: 5.5 kW (~7.5 HP) motor, 400 V Start: conventional "YA" start with motor brake Alignment & guidance: tiltable parallel fence (0° to 45°), mostly aluminum, length approx. 1100 × 170 mm Protection: Extraction hood (Ø approx. 120 mm) and CPS operator protection Tables: Cast iron tables, height adjustable manually Thickness planer part Working width: same range – 500–520 mm Height range: min. 3 mm to max. approx. 235–252 mm Table dimensions: approx. 500 × 930 mm to 550 × 320 mm implemented Table adjustment: electric, with display (e.g., SIKO, digital height display) Feed speeds: continuously adjustable between ~ 5 and 17 m/min or in steps like 7.5 / 15 m/min Extraction: usually also Ø 120 mm, often combined extraction option Hfjdpjwrcd Nefx Ah Dsr Machine features & dimensions Dimensions (L×W×H): around 2200 × 1000–1500 × 800–1000 mm Working height: approx. 800 mm Weight: 1050 kg

Condition: excellent (used), 5.5 kW motor Table length 2 m Table width 52 cm 4 blades Working height 19 cm Electrically adjustable top and bottom Hodpjwm Dz Sjfx Ah Djfr

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1967, Kupfermuller Lignum double-sided thicknesser Hfjdpfetzcmtex Ah Dor Kupfermuller Lignum double-sided thicknesser. Stable construction. The machine has a planing width of 630 mm and 4-knife shafts. The machine has a processing accuracy of 0.1 mm. The planing height is 180 mm. The machine has steel rollers mounted in a table with its own drive, that is, active split rollers. The machine is therefore ideal for planing wet and dry wood for gluing. Net price. VAT invoice, machine with electrical cable covers and stop buttons on both sides, ready to go. Stable cast iron construction. Weight of about 3 tons. The machine does not require any financial outlay.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), With strip knife, demonstration machine Surface planer: Table dimensions 1800 x 410 mm Max. chip removal 5 mm Planer shaft diameter 100 mm Number of planer knives 4 pieces Thickness planer: Hfjdpevrvnvjfx Ah Djr Table dimensions 700 x 406 mm Max. clearance height 230 mm Max. chip removal 4 mm Feed speed 8 m/min Motor output 3.8 kW -S6 (3 kW S1) Weight 450 kg Symbolic photo

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: AB00033534, planing width: 520 mm, planer shaft diameter: 120 mm, total length of planing tables: 2,310 mm, surfacing fence height: 1,200 mm, number of planer blades: 4, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, Equipment: motor brake, Main Features: - Quick-change system for opening the tables - Speed, ergonomics, and safety - Worktable adjustment via parallelogram system - Lasting precision Technical Data: - Usable working width: 520 mm - Total table length: 2310 mm - Cutter block diameter: 120 mm - Planer spindle speed: 5000 rpm - 4 knives: 35 mm x 3 mm x 520 mm - Aluminium fence: 1200 mm x 190 mm - Fence tilting range: from 90° to -45° - Min./max. planing height: 3 / 250 mm - Feed speed thicknessing: 5-8-12-18 m/min - Extraction hood diameter, surfacer: 120 mm - Extraction hood diameter, thicknesser: 120 mm Standard Equipment and Accessories: - Infeed table adjustment via parallelogram system for chip removal by degree scale - Simultaneous height adjustment and locking of the worktables, complete with anti-tilt device - Quick-change system for converting from surfacing to thicknessing (CE version), with special support for opening the surfacing tables and automatic pneumatic positioning system for the extraction hood with hydraulic system - "READY" electronic control. Includes: * Thicknessing table adjustment * Manual, semi-automatic, and automatic mode with 99 storable work programs * Additional functions: calculator and hour counter - Machine table height adjustment via 4 steel threaded spindles - Independently motorized feed for thicknessing - Rubber-coated outfeed feed roller - Linked pressure shoes in the infeed - Planer spindle and knife holder with markings as positioning aid, including setting gauge for planer knives - Automatic star-delta start for main motor - Motor power: 9 kW 50 Hz (11 kW 60 Hz) (S6 -40%) [S1] 7.5 kW 10 hp 50 Hz (9 kW 12 hp 60 Hz) [S6 -40%] 9 kW 12 hp 50 Hz (11 kW 15 hp 60 Hz) - Operating tools Safety/Protection: - Micro safety switches for proper positioning of the surfacing tables and extraction hoods - Surfacing guard (CE version) - Automatic motor brake on main motor - Thermal protection switch - 110V auxiliary circuit - Emergency stop switch - Lockable main switch - CE Declaration of Conformity (CE version) Consisting of: R0.20.20 Linvincibile FS 7 CE version 93.07.31 Voltage 400 EU 93.12.01 Frequency 50 Hz Hfsdpfx Ahewwv Ufe Djr 34.02.15 "TERSA" cutter block with disposable reversible knives, complete with one set of knives 24.06.15 Tilting auxiliary fence for thin workpieces 08.32.28 Base

Year of construction: 2021, condition: new, Technical data: usable working width 520 mm total table length 2310 mm cutter block diameter 120 mm cutterblock speed 5000 rpm 4 knives 35x3x520 mm aluminum dressing fence 1200x190 mm planing fence inclination from 90° to 45 min./max. planing height 3 / 250 mm Hjdpfxen Sm Tio Ah Dofr feed speed thickness 5-8-12-18 m/min. Suction stroke diameter dressing 120 mm Suction hood diameter thickness 120 mm Standard equipment: - Work table adjustment in the infeed by means of parallelogram system, indication for chip removal by degree scale. - simultaneous height adjustment and locking of work tables complete with anti-tilt device - quick changeover system to switch from dressing to thicknessing operations (CE version) by means of a special support for opening the dressing tables and an automatic pneumatic positioning system of the suction hood, with hydraulic support - "READY" electronic control includes: - Adjustment of the thicknessing table - Manual, semi-automatic and automatic mode with 99 storable working programs - Additional functions: Calculator and hour meter - machine table with height adjustment by 4 steel threaded spindles - rubber-coated feed roller at the outlet - exchangeable feed rollers - link pressure shoes in the infeed - planing shaft and setting gauge for planing knives incl. the following special accessories: "TERSA" cutterblock with one-way reversible knives, swivelling auxiliary fence

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, planing width: 410 mm, planer shaft diameter: 100 mm, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), Equipment: low noise, Jointer-thickness planer ADH 5-410 *available at short notice* Demonstration machine from showroom (factory set and planed). -Spiral knife planer shaft with 66 knives (3 rows of 22 knives each) 15 x 15 x 2.5 mm --Plane width 410 mm -Working table format planer1800 x 410 mm Working table format -Thickness planer 700 x 406 mm -Planer shaft diameter100 mm -Planer blade speed 4500 rpm -Cutting depth planer max. 5 mm -Anodized planing fence Format L x W 1100 x 155 mm -Adjustable blade shaft guard Standard -Suction nozzle diameter 120 mm -Thickness planer width 406 mm -Thickness passage min - max 4 - 225 mm -Chip removal thickness planer max. 4 mm -Feed speed 8 m/min Hfjdshm Stpspfx Ah Der -Motor power 400 V / 50 Hz4.0 kW -Digital display thicknessing table adjustment standard -Space requirement L x W approx.2000 x 1000 mm -Weight approx. 450 kg -Can be driven under with pallet truck Standard -Light gray/graphite gray 7035/7024 paint finish

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, planing width: 500 mm, Working width max. 500 mm 4-knife shaft Hodswv Tumepfx Ah Dofr Planer height max. 235 mm Feed speed 7.5/15 m/min Motor 5.5 kW Table length 2200 mm Foldable tables

Year of construction: 1978, condition: reconditioned (used), Thicknesser Jaroma DSMB 63 7.5 W lignum production Poland Jaroma - Technical Documentation Hfsdpfeiq Dk Sjx Ah Djr TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: shaft width: 630 mm detail thickness: 240 mm 4 shaft knives: knife shaft diameter: 125 mm number of rotations of the knife shaft: 6000 rpm adjustable rollers in the lower tabletop: motor: 7.5 kW electric height adjustment: two types of feed speed: dimensions (length/width/height): 120/128/125 cm weight: 1060 kg

Condition: new, The new planer & thicknesser by Holzprofi Maker is convincing with it´s solid construction and high user-friendliness. Large planing shaft diameter for a very nice planing result Steel cutterblock, cast-iron table, mechanical digital pivoted aluminium stop, switchable feeder, noice reduced, motor protection, motor brake, no-voltage release, CE-conform technical data: Specifications: Motor power S6 3,8 kW (3 kW-S1) Dimensions of knives 15 x 15 x 2,5 mm Cutter block diameter 95 mm Planing width 400 mm Length planing table 1660 mm Admission height 230 mm Feed speed 6 m/min Hfodpfx Ahovrvz Nj Der Suction diameter 100 mm Thicknessing table size 410 x 600 mm Max. chip removal (depending on board width and type of wood) 3-5 mm Voltage 400 V Weight appr. 334 kg Optional accessories: Moving device Service check for spiral cutter block

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 89-57-59, total width: 600 mm, total height: 800 mm, total length: 1,400 mm, planing width: 310 mm, height adjustment type: mechanical, overall weight: 243 kg, number of planer blades: 3, Types: FS 31, Machine no.: 89-57-59, Year of manufacture: 1989, Power: 3/380V/50Hz, Motor: 2.2 kW, 4.9 Amps. Countershaft, Max thickness: 200 mm, Machine dimensions: 1400 x 600 mm, Weight: 243 kg. Hfodpsw Apu Asfx Ah Dsr

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, Basic equipment Diameter planing shaft 70mm, 3 knives of 410 mm Hfedomft Nkspfx Ah Dsr Anodized planing fence 90°- 45° Total length 1800 mm Dressing fence 1500 x 150 mm Maximum chip removal 4 mm Passage thick planer 410 mm x 230 mm weight: 325 kg incl. special accessories: TERSA cutter block

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, number of planer blades: 4, table length: 2,500 mm, table width: 600 mm, On offer: A combined surface planer and thicknessing machine Manufacturer: Vertongen Model: C04 Serial number: 1502 Year of manufacture: 1987 Weight: approx. 1010 kg Operating hours: — Dimensions: Overall length: 2750 mm Overall width: 1200 mm Overall height: 1400 mm Cutterhead diameter: 126 mm Number of knives: 4 Type of knives: Tersa Surface planer: Width: 500 mm Table length: 2500 mm Spindle speed: 4200 rpm Working height: 850 mm Tiltable fence: 45° Thicknesser: Width: 630 mm Table length: 1100 mm Hfodpfx Ahowttqcj Dsr Max. cutting depth: 11 mm Max. planing height: 250 mm Feed speed: 8 & 16 m/min Infeed rollers: 2 Pressure bars: 2 Outfeed rollers: 1 Shortest workpiece: 250 mm Required air volume: 2600 m³/h Air velocity: >25 m/sec

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7683 Technical data: - Cutter block width: 510 mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Maximum thickness of workpiece on thicknesser: 200 mm - Manual table lift - Maximum thickness of workpiece on side heads (3-sided): 100 mm From above: - Anti-kickback fingers - Feed (infeed) roller, serrated - Pressure bar - Planing (cutter) block - Pressure bar - Outfeed roller, smooth From below: - Adjustable rollers in lower table: 2 pcs - Guide bar From rear: - 2 side spindles + pressure bars - Spindle height: 100 mm - Maximum spindle spacing: 510 mm - Spindle diameter: 25 mm - Includes 2 cutter heads - Spindle adjustment: right/left - Motor: 2×2.4 kW - 2 feed speeds - Extraction port diameter: 2×100 mm - Main motor: 7.5 kW - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1850×1250×1000 mm - Weight: 1080 kg ADVANTAGES: – Made in Poland – 4-knife cutter block – Very good condition – Used planer Hfodpfx Ahowtqc No Djr Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 EUR (based on the rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Casolin FSC 430 Surface Planer/Thicknesser Working width: 410 mm Thickness planing working height: 220 mm Two feed speeds for thicknessing: 6-12 m/min 4-knife cutterhead Hjdpfxex A S Sue Ah Dofr Cutterhead with traditional knives Motor power: 4 kW Planer table length: 2080 mm Mortising and drilling unit

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, Used machine Year of manufacture: 2016 Surface planer unit Hedpex H Dazofx Ah Dsfr 3-knife automatic cutterblock Tilting fence 90° - 45°, anodized Planing width: 310 mm Planing table length: 1400 mm Max. depth of cut: 4 mm Thicknessing planer unit Thicknessing width: 306 mm Thicknessing height: 4 - 225 mm Thickness table length: 540 mm Feed speed: 6 m/min Availability: approx. mid-January 2026

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7266 TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 530mm - 4-knife shaft - Noise-reducing comb - Shaft guard Hodpfx Ajrm Nfboh Dofr - Table length: 2900mm - Longer infeed table: 1655mm - Cast iron tables - Both tables adjustable - Original adjustable cast iron fence - Brake - Extraction port diameter: 140mm - Motor: 4kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2900x1000x1210mm - Weight: 695kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – 4-knife shaft – Brake – Noise-reducing comb – Longer infeed table – Unpainted – Used jointer, in very good condition Original photos Start-up video of the machine: youtube.com/watch?v=v_3ECkLDWVI Net price: 18,900 PLN Net price: 4,500 EUR (depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with greater fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7606 Technical data: - Shaft width: 500mm - Number of knives: 3 pcs - Shaft guard - Table length: 2530mm - Cast iron tables - Both tables adjustable - Original cast iron fence adjustable at an angle - Motor: 3kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2530x1000x1100mm - Weight: 920kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Italy – 3-knife shaft – Used jointer – Very good condition Net price: 8,900 PLN Net price: 2,100 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change) Hedev Tczfspfx Ah Djfr

Condition: excellent (used), TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 500 mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Max thickness of the processed workpiece: 230 mm From above: - Pawls - Serrated, driven, sequential infeed roller - Pressure units - Planing shaft - Pressure unit - Smooth, driven outfeed roller From below: - Adjustable driving rollers in the lower table: 2 pcs - Motor: 5.5 kW - Electrically operated table lift - Table lift motor: 0.37 kW - Infinitely variable feed speed regulation Hedoqv Aivopfx Ah Dsfr - Extraction nozzle diameter: 150 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 1000x1000x1350 mm - Weight: 690 kg ADVANTAGES – Electric table lifting – 4-knife shaft – Driving rollers in the lower table – Used thicknesser, in very good condition Net price: 16,900 PLN Net price: 4,020 EUR at a 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7736 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width: 410mm Hfjdpexdakuefx Ah Der - number of knives: 4 - noise-damping comb at the shaft - table length: 2530mm - brake - cast iron tables - both tables adjustable - original, angle-adjustable guide - motor: 3kW - extraction port diameter: 140mm - dimensions L/W/H: 2530x850x1350mm - weight: 680kg ADVANTAGES – manufactured in Poland – 4-knife shaft – brake – upper control panel – noise-damping comb at the shaft – DTR documentation – used jointer, in very good condition Net price: 12,900 PLN Net price: 3,070 EUR depending on 4.2 EUR rate (Prices may vary with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER: 7081 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - JOINTER: - Shaft width: 260 mm - Table length: 1190 mm - Cast iron fence, angle adjustable - Adjustable tables - THICKNESSER: - Max workpiece thickness: 110 mm - Thicknesser shaft guard - From above: - Anti-kickback fingers - Toothed feed roller - Planing shaft - Smooth outfeed roller - Extraction port diameter: 85 mm - CIRCULAR SAW: - Max blade diameter: 160 mm - Cutting height: 25 mm - Blade bore diameter: 30 mm - Blade height adjustable (up/down) - Blade guard - Cutting width with fence: 160 mm - Table dimensions: 710 x 420 mm - SPINDLE MOULDER: - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - Spindle height adjustable (up/down) - Spindle height: 110 mm - Max tool diameter: 190 mm - Fence - Motor approx. 2.2 kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1200 x 900 x 800 mm - Weight: 325 kg ADVANTAGES - Compact, takes up little space - Very good condition - Used multifunctional machine Net price: 7,900 PLN Hedsnabqzepfx Ah Dsfr Net price: 1,880 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR/PLN exchange rate) (Prices are subject to change due to currency fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7715 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Maximum workpiece width: 220 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 130 mm - 8 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW 2) Right vertical 130 mm 7.5 kW 3) Left vertical 130 mm 7.5 kW 4) Right vertical 130 mm 5.5 kW 5) Top horizontal 220 mm 11 kW – 5th spindle electrically adjustable up/down 6) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW 7) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW – 7th spindle with support + Jointer system (cutterhead sharpening) 8) Universal 220 mm, 360° adjustable, 7.5 kW - All spindles adjustable vertically and laterally - Spindle diameter: 40 mm Feed system (top): - 6 double-toothed infeed rollers, driven, + 1 single roller - 3 double smooth rubber outfeed rollers, driven + 3 single rollers - Digital length counter Feed system (bottom): - Swivelling toothed steel infeed roller integrated into lower table - 3 smooth steel feed rollers - Feed drive via Cardan rollers - Pneumatic pressure rollers - Stepless feed speed adjustment + 2-speed gearbox: 10–60 m/min - Feed motor: 10 kW - Electric thickness adjustment - Body lifting motor: 0.75 kW - Centralised table lubrication - Extraction connection diameters: 5x140 mm, 3x120 mm - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 4680x1780x1850 mm - Control cabinet dimensions (on pallet): 1020x1000x2230 mm - Weight: approx. 5000 kg Hfjdjw Ipcvopfx Ah Der ADVANTAGES - Equipped with 8 cutterheads - Universal spindle - Ideal for wet and dry timber - Made in Germany, WEINIG brand - Unpainted (original finish) - Very low operating hours - Used thickness planer, like new Net price: 165,900 PLN Net price: 39,500 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6946 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. working width: 210mm - Max. working thickness: 120mm Hfjdpfx Ajlhrk Sjh Djr - Number of spindles: 2 pcs - Spindle diameter: 50mm From above: - 3 infeed feed rollers, rubber, smooth, including 2 double rollers - 2 outfeed feed rollers, rubber, including 1 double roller - Cutterheads on supports - Cutterhead up/down adjustment - Electric adjustment of top cutterhead height - Electric setting of planing thickness - Spindles equipped with brake - Main motor: 2×5.5kW - Stepless feed speed adjustment - Feed motor: 3kW - Feed via Kardana shafts - Extraction nozzle diameter: 2x160mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2350x1780x1950mm - Weight: 1882kg – Made in Germany – Jointers for sharpening knives on the cutterhead – 2 Hydro cutterheads included – Not repainted – Very good condition, used planer Net price: 33,900 PLN Net price: 8,070 EUR Net price calculated at 4.2 PLN/EUR (price may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), WEINIG HYDROMAT 22 AL Four-Sided Planer - Maximum workpiece width: 220 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 130 mm - 8 spindles: 1) Lower horizontal: 220 mm, 5.5 kW 2) Right vertical: 130 mm, 7.5 kW 3) Left vertical: 130 mm, 7.5 kW 4) Right vertical: 130 mm, 5.5 kW 5) Upper horizontal: 220 mm, 11 kW – 5th spindle with electric height adjustment (up/down) 6) Lower horizontal: 220 mm, 5.5 kW 7) Lower horizontal: 220 mm, 5.5 kW – 7th spindle with support + Jointer system (cutterhead sharpening) 8) Universal spindle: 220 mm, 360° adjustable, 7.5 kW - All spindles adjustable up/down, left/right - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - From above: - 6 dual toothed feed rollers + 1 single roller - 3 dual smooth rubber outfeed rollers + 3 single rollers - Meter counter - From below: - Swiveling toothed steel infeed roller integrated in lower table - 3 smooth steel feed rollers - Feed via cardan drive rollers - Pneumatically-tensioned feed rollers - Stepless feed speed adjustment + 2-speed gearbox: 10–60 m/min - Feed motor: 10 kW - Electrically adjustable planing thickness - Lifting motor: 0.75 kW - Central table lubrication - Extraction port diameters: 5 x 140 mm, 3 x 120 mm - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 4680 x 1780 x 1850 mm - Control cabinet dimensions (on pallet): 1020 x 1000 x 2230 mm - Approx. weight: 5,000 kg Feeder with centering device: - Roller width: 450 mm - 1 toothed powered infeed roller - 22 smooth powered rollers - Adjustable upper pressure - Feeder length: 9,020 mm - Stepless speed adjustment: 10–60 m/min - Motor: 0.75 kW - Dimensions (LxWxH): 9,020 x 790 x 1,150 mm Net price: 180,000 PLN Net price: 42,860 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR/PLN exchange rate) Hfedsw Ipicspfx Ah Der (Prices subject to change depending on exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7587 Technical data: - Shaft width: 410 mm - Number of knives: 3 pcs - Brake - Table length: 2540 mm - Cast iron tables - Both tables adjustable - Original cast iron fence, angle-adjustable - Motor: 3 kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2540x1000x1050 mm - Weight: 730 kg Advantages: – Made in Poland Hfjdpfx Ahsv Nhgxo Dor – 3-knife shaft – Used jointer – Very good condition Net price: 7,900 PLN Net price: 1,880 EUR Net price calculated according to exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)