Used Punching And Bending Machine for sale (69,425)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, TP turret punch presses With Durma TP series punch presses, you can achieve top quality with precise and fast turret, improved hydraulics and 3 automatic index stations. With movable platen, part unloader, automatic clamps, Cad/Cam software and control unit, Durma turret punch presses are easy to use. With automation systems that increase both work safety and productivity, user safety is also increased while reducing wasted time. Punching force: 30 tons Working area: 3.000+R x 1.500 mm X-axis movement: 3.000+R mm (repositioning) Y-axis movement: 1.500 mm Y-axis speed: 60 m/min X-axis speed: 70 m/min speed combined X+Y: 92 m/min max. stroke rate (in 1 mm steps, 1 mm sheet thickness): 1,100 1/min max. stroke rate (in 25 mm steps, 1 mm sheet thickness): 325 1/min max. marking speed: 1.200 1/min. main cylinder stroke: 40 mm max. punching stroke: 25 mm max. cutting capacity with fixed tool station steel: 6 mm max. cutting capacity with fixed tool station NiRo: 3 mm max. cutting capacity with index station Stah: 3 mm max. cutting capacity with index station NiRo: 1,5 mm Tool changer (27 stations without tool and holder): 11 x A-station fix: 0,8-12,7 mm Guedpfx Aaog Admfo Soa 11 x B-station fix: 12,8 - 31,7 mm 2 x C-station fixed: 31.8 - 50.8 mm 1 x D station fixed: 50.9 - 88.9 mm 3 x D-station index: 50.9 - 88.9 mm Positioning accuracy: +/- 0.1 mm Repeating accuracy: +

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1990, Thalmann Pico 150 6.2 Gujdpeyx Iypsfx Aa Soa Year of manufacture: 1990 Hydraulic shear 8-way control with automatic program Max. material thickness: 1.5 mm steel Max. material length: 6200 mm Very good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 27,000 h, functionality: limited functionality, input voltage: 400 V, control voltage: 24 V, compressed air connection: 7 bar, input frequency: 50 Hz, punching force: 17 t, We are offering this used automatic punching machine TRUMPF TRUMATIC 3000 L, Gusdpfx Aaeyw Nwyo Soa

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1997, operating hours: 25,000 h, input frequency: 50 Hz, shaft diameter: 40 mm, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: emergency stop, rotational speed infinitely variable, Profile Bending Machine Arkus12 For sale is a profile bending machine, model Arkus12, manufactured in 1997. The machine is equipped with the reliable PC100 control system (DOS) and has recently undergone a complete overhaul, including full servicing. With approximately 25,000 operating hours, the machine is in good technical condition and available for immediate use. It is ideal for precise and dependable profile bending tasks in industrial applications. Technical data: Machine type: Profile bending machine Model: Arkus12 Control system: PC100 (DOS) Year of manufacture: 1997 Operating hours: approx. 25,000 hrs Condition: Completely overhauled including service Availability: Immediate Note: Godeyzik Uspfx Aa Seua The sale is made without any warranty.

Condition: new, square edge steel 20x20 / 25x25 mm flat steel 100 x 7.0 mm round bar steel 22.0 / 27.0 mm L-beam 100 x 10 mm weight of the machine ca. 33.0 kg. range L-W-H 900 x 430 x 310 mm Features - For precise cold and hot bending of flat, round and square steels - Sturdy design for bolting to the workbench - Infinitely adjustable bending stop - With eccentric quick clamping for efficient working - Readable bending angle up to 120 - High repeat accuracy thanks to bending angle stop - Ideal for repair workshops and locksmiths - - - - - Bending performance "cold" : Flat steel 100 x 7 mm 65 x 12 mm Round steel 22.0 mm Square steel 20 x 20 mm Angle steel 100 x 10 mm - - - - - Bending capacity "hot" : Flat steel 100 x 15 mm 75 x 20 mm Round steel 27.0 mm Square steel 25 x 25 mm Angle steel 100 x 15 mm - - - - - Scope of delivery Godjxcuyhspfx Aa Soua - Bending plate - Angle stop stepless - Clamping block with eccentric clamp - Material stop

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, controller model: Rexroth IndraMotion MTX, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser hours: 980 h, laser power: 4,000 W, punching force: 22 t, Equipment: CE marking, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Machine - C-frame - Coordinate guide - Linear magazine with 25 stations for clamps and tools - 4 x hydraulic clamps - Drives with maintenance-free three-phase motors - Repositioning system with programmable hold-down - Flap for punched parts 500x500mm incl. sensor - Foot pedal for closing clamps - FocusLine - NitroLine - FastLine - FlyLine - Additional XP and Yp axes - Ejector cylinder for laser parts - Fast flap for laser parts 500x500mm incl. sensor - Liftable laser cutting support TRUMPF Laser - TruFlow 4000 laser incl. LensLine and optimized standby - High-frequency excitation - Fine filtration of compressed air for beam tube ventilation - Closed beam guidance Cutting Head - Lens cutting head with 170mm focal length - Universal quick-change device for cutting head - LensLine - ControlLine Punching Head - Electro-hydraulic punching head - Rotatable mono-tool holder - Programmable hold-down position - Tool length compensation - Punch slug extraction - Calculation of fill level in the punching console - Stroke counter for punches - Spray lubrication for punches - Fill level monitoring for tool lubrication - Stripper position measuring system with sheet thickness measurement function Control System - TRUMPF control based on Rexroth IndraMotion - Touch panel with 19" TFT color display - Integrated technology data - Programmable cutting gas pressure - Remote Support interface - Automatic shut-off with wake-up function - Production planner Functions - PlasmaLine Data Transmission - USB interface - RJ-45 network interface - Wireless Operation Point Safety - CE marking - Two-beam safety light barrier - Monitoring system for gas pressure, temperature and cooling water - Emergency stop for drives - Warp detection - Protection against stray radiation Extended Standard Equipment: - Network installation via Remote Support - Chiller (water-air) - Compact extraction system - 1st locating pin (inside right) - 2 finished parts containers - Chip container - 40 used RTC cassettes + die plate Punch Quality Package - MultiShear - Deburring and rolling technology - Adaptive stroke calibration - StripLine Forming Package - Thread forming incl. thread former breakage control - Marking/fast beading - MultiBend - Height-adjustable clamps - Automatic nozzle changer - MultiTool - Engraving - Smart Punch Monitoring with sheet format detection Gujdpsyu S D Aofx Aa Sea - 4 individually openable clamps - Automatic clamp closing with mechanical sensor zero stop - Repositioning cylinder - Vibration-damped installation - Chip conveyor with tilting container - Foot pedal start incl. rear-view mirror - Brush tables with loading and unloading support - Ejector unit for small parts - CO2 extinguishing system for compact extractor - Connection piece for exhaust air duct of compact extractor MobileControl App SheetMaster (AK08) UF - Loading station with spreader magnet - Simultaneous loading and unloading during main time - Peeling system incl. positioning aid for oversize formats - Additional positioning aids for medium format - Additional positioning aids for large format - First add-on package with 9 suction cups (incl. vacuum ejector) - Unloading monitoring for laser parts - Loading of blanks GripMaster 4000 x 1500 mm SortMaster Pallet 4 pallets longitudinal ToolMaster Linear 54 stations with simultaneous tool setup during main time - Safety devices for warehouse connection incl. 2nd light barrier circuit - Warehouse interface

Condition: used, Punching Machine MUHR & BENDER - MUBEA Model KL 350 / 203 Machine No. KL3509864 Year of manufacture: 1998 Punching force: 35 tons Gsdexf Utaopfx Aa Ssua Throat depth: 200 mm Ram stroke: 22 mm Capacity: Ø 28 mm in 10 mm sheet (at 450 N/mm²) Ø 23 mm in 12 mm sheet (at 450 N/mm²) Ram plate: 265 x 70 mm Ram plate thickness: 25 mm outside / 50 mm in the center Table plate: 285 x 250 mm, thickness 40 mm Table cutout: 115 x 85 mm Drop-through opening in table cutout: 115 x 25 mm Installation height: 125 mm (with table and ram plate) Number of strokes: single stroke via foot switch Motor power: 1.5 kW Power supply: 400 Volt, 50 Hz - Electric foot switch for stroke activation - Manual lever search device for punch movement - Special tool as punching tool Space required (L x W x H): 800 x 800 x 400 mm Weight without tool: 340 kg Weight with tool: 370 kg Good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Pipe bending machine Rothenberger system Bending capacity: 2 7 bending dies for pipes 3/8 - 1/2 - 3/4 - 1 - 1 1/4 - 1 1/2 - 1 3/4 - 2 Footprint: Width: 630 mm Length: 680 mm Transport case dimensions: Width: 700 mm Depth: 300 mm Guedpfx Aasyv A H Ej Sea Height: 360 mm Weight: 80 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, Technical data: Working width: 2050 mm Max. bending capacity (mild steel St40): 6.0 mm Max. pre-bending (mild steel St40): 4.0 mm Top roll diameter: 170 mm Side lower roll diameter: 170 mm Central lower roll diameter: 145 mm Cone bending device Hardened rolls Guedpfjyzc Iaox Aa Sja Working height: 800 mm Mobile control panel Hydraulic drop-end bearing CE marking Motor power: 2.5 kW Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 3600 x 1200 x 1200 mm Net weight: approx. 3 tonnes Condition: Very good, almost as-new condition, very little used The seller is not liable for typographical or data transmission errors. The machine's appearance, technology and wear are age-appropriate; used machines are sold without any warranty.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, Mandrel Bending Machine S4501 ----- For the production of tube geometries with bending radii from 1.5xD → Maximum bending capacity, tube 42.4 x 3.25 mm (steel max. Re 240 N/mm²) → Maximum bending capacity, tube 30 x 30 x 3 mm → Maximum bending capacity, tube 42.4 x 2 mm (stainless steel 0.2 260 N/mm²) → Total connected load 3 kW → Tube loading length approx. 1.5 m Robust and durable steel construction. Maintenance-free servo drive for the bending, feed, and rotation axes. The control system's touch display ensures easy and intuitive programming and operation. Once the tube is loaded, it is fixed in place by the chuck in the carriage, enabling precise tube positioning and the production of dimensionally accurate geometries. Standard features include tube geometry verification before the bending process: if the bending operation is initiated at an incorrect position, the machine will not grant approval, reliably preventing operator errors. Optional features offer greater convenience, increase output, and therefore improve the machine's efficiency. Guedpfxotr U Hle Aa Soa Data exchange with the optional TBS-3D tube calculation software (PC version) is performed via USB stick or network. Existing tube geometries can be imported into the software. Standard equipment: → Servo drive for bending axis, 1.5 kW → Adjustable rotation speed → Left-hand bending direction → Bending angle resolution 0.1° → Maximum bending radius 120 mm → Bending shaft diameter 50 mm → Servo drive feed → Servo drive rotation → Three-jaw chuck for securing the tube in the carriage → Pneumatic tool retraction Hydraulics: → Hydraulic tube clamping with adjustable clamping pressure → Programmable early mandrel retraction PLC Control System: → 10" color touchscreen → ETH 10/100, X2X Link, 2x USB → Foot pedal operation → Data transfer via LAN network or USB → Material database Unique graphical programming: simple geometries can be calculated directly on the machine. After inputting length and angle, the control automatically calculates the feed values and bending angles. Power supply: 400V 16A Dimensions: L: 2.3 m x W: 1 m x H: 1.4 m Weight: approx. 1200 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, pipe diameter (max.): 80 mm, mandrel length: 4,500 mm, Mandrel bending machine S8004 ----- For the production of dimensionally accurate pipe geometries with bending radii of up to 1.5XD → maximum bending performance pipe 76 x 4 mm (400 N/mm²) → maximum bending performance pipe 60 x 60 x 3 mm (400 N/mm²) → maximum bending performance pipe 76 x 2.9 mm (stainless steel) → total connected load 7 kW → pipe length 4.5 mtr Robust and durable steel construction in a force-locking connection - no construction susceptible to torsion due to, for example, the split construction of the bending head and mandrel carrier. Maintenance-free electromechanical drive of the bending axis. The touch display of the control enables simple and intuitive programming and use of the system. After the pipe has been pushed on, it is fixed in the carriage by the chuck. This enables the pipe to be positioned precisely and thus the creation of dimensionally accurate geometries. The standard also includes checking the pipe geometry before the bending process: If the bending process is started in the wrong position, the machine does not give permission for this. This prevents incorrect operation. Optional additional features provide more convenience and increase the output and thus the efficiency of the system. Data is exchanged from the optional pipe calculation program TBS-3D (PC version) via USB stick or via FTP access from the computer to the machine control system. USB or LAN connectors (RJ45) are available as standard. Existing pipe geometries can be converted quickly and easily, for example, using the STEP format. Standard equipment: → Electromechanical drive of the bending axis 4 kW → Speed 2.9 rpm (=17°/sec.) → Bending direction left → Bending angle resolution 0.1° → Max. bending radius 200 mm → Bending shaft diameter 50 mm → Electronic length measurement ±0.1mm → Electronic twist measurement ±0.1° → Manual stop system (overtravel stops in length) → Manual locking system (15° in twist) → Three-jaw chuck for locking the pipe in the carriage → External control panel PLC control: → Touchscreen 10.1" → ETH 10/100, X2X Link, USB → Foot switch operation → Data transfer via network (W)LAN or USB → Material database Unique graphic programming: Simple geometries can be calculated directly on the machine. The control calculates the feed values directly after entering the length and angle and the bending angles. Hydraulics: → Hydraulic power 3 kW → Hydraulic pipe clamping with adjustable clamping pressure → Programmable early mandrel retraction Options (can be ordered as additional equipment): → Variable bending speed using frequency converters or servo motors → Automatic tool retraction (manual or controlled) Gujdpfx Aettah Rsa Ssa → Pneumatic chuck → Automatic mandrel lubrication → Pneumatic stop system (length + twist) → Mobile version (rollers) → Radius extension Pictures show new machine

Condition: new, Year: 2023 • Type: Robotic pick and place cell • Robots: 2 x Stäubli TS2-80 SCARA robots • Robot reach: 800 mm • Robot payload: 8.4 kg each • Guarding: Full enclosed safety cell Gedpfsy An Egsx Aa Seua • Controls: Integrated control cabinet with HMI • Teach pendants: 2 fitted • End of arm tooling: Vacuum gripper heads fitted • Conveyor system: Infeed/outfeed conveyors included • Application: High-speed food/product pick and place

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1998, bending radius (max.): 600 mm, mandrel length: 1,200 mm, wall thickness: 8 mm, Transfluid DB 40100ST Mandrel bending machine Tube bending machine The above machine is a mandrel bending machine designed exclusively for the production of tubes and profiles with an outer diameter of 40-100 mm, max. 110x5 mm with a max. wall thickness of 8 mm or for the processing of solid materials with an outer diameter of up to 70 mm. Pipe push-on length/usable length: 1200 mm Radius range max:600 mm Gusdpfxor H Have Aa Ssa Bending height:1200 mm Machine data Length:4000 mm Width:2600 mm Height:1400 mm Weight:9000 kg

Condition: new, neu ca. 12 - 14 Wochen ab Auf Türkei 134000 € 2532.6 € 3100 mm 25 mm 25 mm 20 mm 20 mm 20 mm 16 mm 360 mm 360 mm 270 mm 60 mm 1510 mm 22 kW 5560 mm 2060 mm 2050 mm 16750 kg 4 rolls fully hydraulic drive of upper and lower roll (from 30 mm bending capacity all four rolls) by planetary gear box hydr. side rolls positioning with electronical synchronisation hydr. lower roll feed with mechanical synchronisation adjustable pinching pressure variable rolling speed Gujdpfx Aasypbque Sea hardened rolls conical bending device hydraulic drop-end bearing moveable control panel overload protection user manual in GERMAN or ENGLISH according to CE rules OPTIONAL: NC control upper and lateral supports IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: the max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity

Condition: new, neu ca. 12 - 14 Wochen ab Auf Türkei 70300 € 1328.67 € 3100 mm 8 mm 8 mm 6 mm 6 mm 5 mm 240 mm 240 mm 190 mm 825 mm 11 kW 4880 mm 1160 mm 1200 mm 6450 kg 4 rolls fully hydraulic drive of upper and lower roll (from 30 mm bending capacity all four rolls) by planetary gear box hydr. side rolls positioning with electronical synchronisation hydr. lower roll feed with mechanical synchronisation adjustable pinching pressure Guedpoypbqnefx Aa Ssa variable rolling speed hardened rolls conical bending device hydraulic drop-end bearing moveable control panel overload protection user manual in GERMAN or ENGLISH according to CE rules OPTIONAL: NC control upper and lateral supports IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: the max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity the cone length can be max. 30 % oremust be more than 60 % of roll length hardened rolls are recommended

Condition: new, neu ca. 12 - 14 Wochen ab Auf Türkei 95000 € 1795.5 € 3100 mm 13 mm 12 mm 8 mm 13 mm 10 mm 10 mm 8 mm 270 mm 270 mm 230 mm 50 mm 1155 mm 15 kW 5310 mm 1660 mm Gusdpsypbqhefx Aa Soa 1590 mm 10050 kg 4 rolls fully hydraulic drive of upper and lower roll (from 30 mm bending capacity all four rolls) by planetary gear box hydr. side rolls positioning with electronical synchronisation hydr. lower roll feed with mechanical synchronisation adjustable pinching pressure variable rolling speed hardened rolls conical bending device hydraulic drop-end bearing moveable control panel overload protection user manual in GERMAN or ENGLISH according to CE rules OPTIONAL: NC control upper and lateral supports IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: the max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity

Condition: new, neu ca. 12 - 14 Wochen ab Auf Türkei 62600 € 1183.14 € 2050 mm 13 mm 10 mm 13 mm 10 mm 10 mm 8 mm 240 mm 240 mm 190 mm 820 mm 11 kW 3830 mm 1160 mm 1200 mm 5000 kg 4 rolls fully hydraulic drive of upper and lower roll (from 30 mm bending capacity all four rolls) by planetary gear box hydr. side rolls positioning with electronical synchronisation hydr. lower roll feed with mechanical synchronisation adjustable pinching pressure variable rolling speed hardened rolls conical bending device hydraulic drop-end bearing moveable control panel overload protection user manual in GERMAN or ENGLISH Gjdsypbqbjpfx Aa Ssua according to CE rules OPTIONAL: NC control upper and lateral supports IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: the max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity

Condition: new, neu ca. 2 Wochen ab Auftragse Italien 2000 mm 11 mm 11 mm 7 mm 8 mm 6.4 mm 225 mm 215 mm 165 mm 8 m/min 3950 mm 1200 mm 1200 mm 4450 kg Hardened and polished rollers Numerical control Siemens PGS-Classic with touchscreen Cone bending with electronic control and inclination of the bottom roller oil cooler Simultaneous rotation and roller movement Simultaneous roller and support movement Possibility to bend variable radii (ovals, ellipses, etc.) Hydraulic micro-positioning by the PLC for higher accuracy Infinitely variable speed for roller movement Infinitely variable speed for rotation Prepared for retrofitting supports (up to 5 axes) Prepared for retrofitting loading/unloading stations Prepared for retrofitting CNC controls Extra large, double hinged drop end Electronic parallelism system for the synchronization of the rollers Hydraulic lifting of the top roll (for models with a top roll diameter of 205 mm or more) Double linear guide for the movement of the lower rolls Ultra wide rolls blocks "MCS" bearing system for the lower rolls (4 large bearings on each shaft) Central lubrication system Pressure manometer for constant pinch roll control Gsdpsypbp Refx Aa Soua Extra torque and special braking system Safety cord with emergency stop Equipped according to "CE" regulations OPTION: CNC control Siemens PSG-Absolute with 15" touch screen (automatic calculation of the process for simple and complex shapes)

Condition: new, neu ca. 12 - 14 Wochen ab Auf Türkei 83800 € 1583.82 € Godjypbp Djpfx Aa Seua 2550 mm 15 mm 15 mm 13 mm 12 mm 12 mm 10 mm 270 mm 270 mm 230 mm 50 mm 1155 mm 15 kW 4760 mm 1660 mm 1155 mm 8950 kg 4 rolls fully hydraulic drive of upper and lower roll (from 30 mm bending capacity all four rolls) by planetary gear box hydr. side rolls positioning with electronical synchronisation hydr. lower roll feed with mechanical synchronisation adjustable pinching pressure variable rolling speed hardened rolls conical bending device hydraulic drop-end bearing moveable control panel overload protection user manual in GERMAN or ENGLISH according to CE rules OPTIONAL: NC control upper and lateral supports IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: the max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity the cone length can be max. 30 % oremust be more than 60 % of roll length hardened rolls are recommended

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, control type: CNC control, - Max. bending angle: +/- 180 + 10° - Tube feed length: 4100 mm - Round steel tube up to 30 x 2.2 mm² - Round stainless steel tube up to 30 x 1.5 mm Gsdpfxsyx Ur Sj Aa Soua - Square tubes: 20 x 2.5 mm - Bending time for 90 degrees: 1.5 sec (advance) - Longitudinal feed speed: 450 mm/sec - Maximum bending radius: 125 mm - Freestanding bending head, 850 mm long - Bending axis drive: electrohydraulic

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, control type: CNC control, Stainless steel tube diameter: up to 42 x 2.0 mm Gjdpfx Aeyx Un Hoa Ssua Steel tube diameter: up to 42 x 3.0 mm Max. bending angle: +/- 180 + 10° Section modulus: 4.1 ccm Operating pressure: 6 bar Total power requirement: 5.5 kW Machine weight approx.: 3 t Space requirement approx.: 6100 x 2300 x 1300 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, 3-roll plate bending machine Guodpfsyx Ufxex Aa Sea Plate width: 3000 mm Plate thickness: 20 mm Pre-bending: 16 mm Top roll diameter: 380 mm Side roll diameter: 340 mm

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, New Sunrise punch cutting machine IW-45K available from stock. Specifications IW-45K tonnage 45ton punching capacity ᴓ 22x15mm/ᴓ 40x8mm discharge 165mm angle bar 75x75x6mm 90⁰ strip 300x10mm Weight 870 KG Dimension 1050x760x1490mm Gjdpfxevf I Ibs Aa Soua Multiple models available from stock.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, Sunrise punch-cutting machine IW-80SD IW-80SD Specifications tonnage 80ton punching capacity ᴓ 26x22mm/ᴓ 50x12mm discharge 510mm Gedpfx Aevf I Rcea Seua angle bar 150x150x12mm 90⁰ strip 460x15mm / 300x20mm Weight 2550 KG Multiple models available from stock.

Condition: new, neu ca. 10 Wochen ab Auftrags Türkei 55900 € 1056.51 € 3100 mm 9 mm 8 mm 7 mm 7 mm 5 mm 245 mm 245 mm 180 mm 1,5 / 6 m/min 7.5 kW 5350 mm 1600 mm 1470 mm 6850 kg 4 rolls Top rolll driven by hydromotor and planetary gearbox, bottom roll driven by gear and cardan system Pinch roll and latereal rolls move with hydraulic cylinders Digital read-out for lower and side rolls position Hardened rolls Conical bending device Hydraulic load relieving of upper roll Gsdpfeyb Sz Isx Aa Sjua Hydraulic drop-end bearing 2 working speeds Protectionagainst overload Moveable control pane According to CE rules OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT: Infinitely adustable speed of rolls Hydraulic side support Hydraulic top support NC control IMPORTANT ISSUES AT CONICAL BENDING: The max. sheet metal thickness isequivalent to 50 % of nominal capacity The cone length can be max. 30 % oremust be more than 60 % of roll length Hardened rolls are recommended