Used Turn for sale (8,294)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, Technical details: Kjdpfx Akozq Aw Delodr turning diameter: 150 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 2,963 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 140 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 70 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 235 mm, bar passage: 42 mm, total height: 1,700 mm, total length: 2,220 mm, total width: 1,460 mm, overall weight: 3,100 kg, Miyano BNA-42 DHY3 CNC turning center, manufactured in 2022, in very good and fully functional condition. The machine is immediately ready for operation and has only 2,963 operating hours. HIGHLIGHTS - 2 spindles: main spindle and sub-spindle - 2 turrets - Y-axis on the upper turret - Driven tools - Max. bar diameter, main spindle: 42 mm - Max. bar diameter, sub-spindle: 34 mm - Kraft & Bauer fire protection system - Extraction system - Knoll chip conveyor TECHNICAL DATA Main spindle - Max. bar diameter: 42 mm - Travel: 100 mm - Spindle speed: 6,000 rpm - Spindle motor power: 7.5 / 5.5 kW - C-axis resolution: 0.001° Sub-spindle - Max. bar diameter: 34 mm - Spindle speed: 5,000 rpm - Spindle motor power: 5.5 / 3.7 kW - C-axis resolution: 0.001° Upper turret - 8 stations - X-axis travel: 140 mm - Z-axis travel: 235 mm - Y-axis travel: 70 mm (+/- 35 mm) - Speed of driven tools: 5,000 rpm - Power of driven tools: 1.0 kW Kodpfx Asw Igyrekljdr Lower turret - 6 stations - X / Z-axis travel: 140 / 310 mm Electrical supply - Total connected load: 30 kVA Dimensions and weight - Footprint: 2,220 x 1,460 mm - Machine height: 1,700 mm - Machine weight: approx. 3,100 kg The machine is located at our facility in Hornberg. Further information and additional images are available upon request.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 2,500 mm, feed length Z-axis: 3,200 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 25,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle motor power: 51,000 W, chuck outer diameter: 2,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 1,500 rpm, turning diameter: 3,000 mm, total height: 3,000 mm, type of input current: three-phase, turning height: 3,200 mm, rotational speed (min.): 5 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 150 rpm, torque: 452 Nm, overall weight: 40,000 kg, year of last overhaul: 2022, Machine was overhauled in 2022 with new spindle servo motor and control unit The machine is under power and can be checked in our workshop Details are as below. Fagor 8055i-TC-4 Cnc Kontrol Ünitesi ii) 512 Mb Harddisk iii) Look Ahead (200 Blok Önden Okuma) iv) USB ve RS232 Haberleşme Protokolleri v) Türkçe Kullanım Paneli, vi) Türkçe Alarm Listesi vii) Parametrik Programlama Özelliği viii) 12 Dil Kullanım Seçeneği ix) Manual yada Otomatik Takım Kalibrasyon x) Vidalı Mil Telafisi (Ballscrew Compensation ) xi) Kontrol Üzerinde Ballbar Testi ve Osilascop Özelliği xii) 4 Eksen Motor & Sürücü Kontrol Kabiliyeti xiii) Uzatmalı standart El çarkı (3 M) xiv) 3 Eksen Fagor Servo Motor & Sürücüleri Spindle Servomotor, Power (S1/S6) 51/71 kW, Nom. Torque (S1) = 325 Nm, Max Torque 1 FM7-A510-C3B1-E01 (S6) = 452 Nm, 1500 / 5000 rpm Integrated C AXIS Encoder, Foot Mounting,, Keyway, Kdedszl H Ipspfx Aklor Protection Degree IP44, ")

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 3,700 h, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 22260005, travel distance X-axis: 255 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 80 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 382 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC lathe SCHUSTER VD20 with automation and peripherals Technical data Working area Maximum turning diameter: 250 mm Maximum turning length: 250 mm Number of spindles: 2 Number of tool positions: 12 Control system: SIEMENS Sinumerik 840D SL Year of manufacture: 2023 Serial number: 22260005 Recorded operating hours: 3,635 Electrical connection: 3P~ / N / PE (TN-C-S system) Frequency: 50 Hz Operating voltage: 400 V Control voltage: 24 V DC Total weight: approx. 14,000 kg Travel distances / feeds Z-axis: Travel distance 370 mm, rapid traverse 50 m/min, maximum acceleration 8 m/s², feed force 9,000 N X-axis: Travel distance 250 mm, rapid traverse 30 m/min, maximum acceleration 8 m/s², feed force 9,000 N Y-axis (optional): Travel distance ±40 mm, rapid traverse 15 m/min, maximum acceleration 5 m/s², feed force 15,000 N Turning spindles Maximum speed: up to 4,500 rpm Nominal speed: 2,500 rpm Spindle nose: DIN 55026-A6 Internal diameter of spindle bearing: Ø120 mm Kdodpfszdtqnsx Aklor Spindle power (100% duty cycle, S1): 26 kW Spindle torque (100% duty cycle): 100 Nm Equipment / Features The system includes a KUKA handheld control unit, a KNOLL chip conveyor type 280 S-1/160, a DELTATHERM cooling unit type RKV 5.5, a KUKA handling robot of the Industrial Robot Cybertec-2 Series with a corresponding KUKA robot controller type KR C5 Dualcap AC, a KNOLL coolant filter unit type KF 150/950, and an air filter unit type AFS 1100.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Technical details: turning diameter: 220 mm turning length: 310 mm total power requirement: 17 kW weight of the machine ca.: 3,3 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 2,25 x 1,63 x 1940 m Kdjdpsx Aq Hwjfx Aklsr greates pass round over bed: 430 mm bore diameter: 45 mm centre distance: 687 mm slide travel radial ( X-axis ): 160 mm slide travel axial ( Z-axis ): 310 mm spindle turning speed range: 0-6.300 U/min

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, MAZAK QUICK TURN NEXUS 100-II MSY Max. machining diameter: 280 mm Max. machining length: 400 mm Max. milling speed: 4,500 rpm Max. spindle speed: 6,000 rpm Max. bar diameter: 42 mm Machine is equipped with: - CNC control: Mazatrol Matrix - KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck B-206 for main spindle - KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck B-205 for 2nd spindle - Tool Eye - C-axis Kdodpfsy S A Rijx Aklor - Y-axis - Interface for bar loader magazine - Automatic parts catcher - Reinforced coolant pump - 8 units of fixed tool holders - 2 units of powered tool holders

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, For a description, please refer to the attached data sheet. Kodpfxozqcvyj Aklsdr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, workpiece weight (max.): 35,000 kg, total length: 15,600 mm, total height: 6,000 mm, total width: 6,000 mm, overall weight: 1,55,000 kg, The Pittler WMZ PV4000 / 1-2 is a heavy CNC vertical turning machine with a portal design, featuring one workpiece spindle and two independently movable tool carriers. The machine enables turning, drilling, milling, and grooving. The right tool carrier is designed as a swiveling multifunction head with a B-axis and driven tools. Two separate chain magazines provide a total of 94 tool positions. Technical Data Machine Number: ZV029 Machine Concept: Portal machine with one workpiece spindle and two tool carriers Machining Processes: Turning, drilling, milling, and grooving Maximum Swing Diameter: 3800 mm Maximum Workpiece Diameter: 3800 mm Maximum Workpiece Speed: 100 min-1 Rated Speed: 36.7 min-1 Workpiece Clamping: Manual Chuck: Röhm Tool Holder: Capto C8 Tool Magazines: 2 chain magazines Tool Positions: 2 x 47 Total Number of Tool Positions: 94 Maximum Tool Diameter: 120 mm according to the operating manual Maximum Tool Diameter: 150 mm according to the order confirmation with appropriate magazine loading Maximum Tool Length: 400 mm Maximum Tool Weight: 20 kg Travel Paths X1-Axis Right Tool Carrier: 3200 mm X2-Axis Left Tool Carrier: 2800 mm Z1-Axis Right Tool Carrier: 1000 mm Z2-Axis Left Tool Carrier: 1000 mm Rapid Traverse X-Axes: up to 32 m/min Rapid Traverse Z-Axes: up to 20 m/min Workpiece Spindle Gear Reduction: 1 to 30 Maximum Speed: 100 min-1 Rated Speed: 36.7 min-1 Rated Power: 67.4 kW Short-Term Total Power: 202.2 kW Rated Torque: 52.65 kNm Maximum Drive Torque: 71.55 kNm Torque according to Order Confirmation: 67000 Nm at 40% duty cycle Motor Spindle Power according to Order Confirmation: 200 kW at 100% duty cycle Maximum Spindle Load Capacity including Chuck, Clamping Jaws, and Workpiece: 35000 kg Spindle Flange Diameter: 1900 mm Thrust Bearing Diameter: 1400 mm The workpiece spindle is designed as a water-cooled motor spindle with precision axial deep groove ball bearings. Tool Carrier and Multifunction Head The right tool carrier features a swiveling multifunction head with two Capto C8 holders for turning tools as well as drilling and milling tools. B-Axis for Stepless Positioning Swivel Range: 180 degrees Speed of Driven Tools: up to 6000 min-1 Tool Spindle Torque: approx. 120 Nm at 100% duty cycle Hydraulic Clamping Direct Measurement System Direct Coolant Supply High-Pressure Coolant Supply: up to 70 bar Tool Magazines Two chain magazines with 47 tool positions each Tool Holder: Capto C8 Maximum Tool Diameter: 120 mm Up to 150 mm with appropriate magazine loading Maximum Tool Length: 400 mm Maximum Tool Weight: 20 kg Tool Cleaning with Blowing Air Manual Magazine Loading Coolant and Chip Disposal Two Knoll Chip Conveyors Type 600 S-2/120 Knoll Band Filter Type KF400-2300 Additional Equipment Röhm Chuck Spindle Cooling Hydac FLKS-4S Hydraulic Unit Hydac TBM20 Electrical Data Operating Voltage: 3 x 400 VAC Protection Class: IP55 Maximum Power Consumption: 280 kVA Component weight max.: 35,000 kg Weight approx.: 155,000 kg Rotation height max.: 2,100 mm Table diameter: 3,800 mm Ksdpfx Akozu S U Holjdr Swing: 3,800 mm Control: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D sl Dimensions (LxWxH) approx.: 15600 x 6000 x 6000 mm Year of construction: 2,020 Condition: good Terms of payment: 100% prepayment before pick-up Terms of delivery: EXW EX Works under power: Yes

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, machine/vehicle number: IntNr231509, A Miyano BNE-51S CNC lathe with IEMCA BOSS 552-HD bar feeder is for sale. Kdedpfxezp Ifqe Aklsr Year of manufacture: 1999 Control: FANUC Series 18-T (dual-channel control) Technical Data Max. bar diameter: 51 mm Max. turning length: approx. 125 mm Travel paths: * X1 / X2: 150 mm / 115 mm; Z1 / Z2: 380 mm / 125 mm Y-axis: +/- 40 mm (upper turret) Spindles (main & sub spindle): Speed range: 135 – 5,000 rpm (both spindles) Drive power: 11 kW / 15 kW (main spindle) C-axis: 0.001° on both spindles for complete contour machining Tool system (2 x turrets): Turret 1 (upper): 12 stations (all live, including Y-axis) Turret 2 (lower): 12 stations (all live) Live tool speed: max. 3,200 rpm Bar feeder: IEMCA BOSS 552-HD Bar diameter range: 5 mm to 51 mm Bar length: up to 3,200 mm Chip conveyor Batec fire extinguishing system The machine can be inspected under power by prior arrangement. Technical data and specifications are subject to change and prior sale excepted.

Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 8 h, condition: ready for operation (used), controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: SIMATIC HMI, Fully electric CNC tube bending machine manufactured in 2022. This BLM E-TURN 52B features a Siemens Simotion CNC control system and offers advanced bending capabilities, including fixed radius, variable radius, and multi-radius bending. It is designed for low energy consumption and includes programmable booster and tooling stacks for enhanced performance. If you are looking to get high-quality tube bending capabilities, consider the BLM E-TURN 52B machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Number of axes: 14 • Energy consumption: Low • Bending direction: Right and left bending in-process (automatic direction change) • Bending capability: Fixed radius, variable radius, and multi-radius • Tool configuration: 3 tooling stacks + 3 additional tooling stacks • Tool stack height: 60 mm (2.4") • Tube capacity: • Carbon steel (FE37): max diameter 50.8 mm (2.0"), max wall thickness 1.5 mm (0.06"), based on RM 1.5D, Vy50% Kdjdpjzqtzgofx Akljr • Stainless steel (AISI 304): max diameter 50.8 mm (2.0"), max wall thickness 2.0 mm (0.08"), based on RM 2D, Vy50% • VGP3D software features: • 3D graphical programming • Part feasibility verification with collision detection • Automatic cycle time calculation • Automatic machine cycle generation • Faster quotation preparation and production planning • Standard equipment: • Electrically driven pressure dies • Left and right counter-die supports • Programmable booster / variable-radius unit (booster force 20,000 N; booster speed 1,000 mm/min) • Mandrel bars: 10 mm (0.39"), 16 mm (0.63"), 24 mm (0.94") • CE compliant Additional equipment • WELDET-07: Programmable weld seam positioning system (optical weld seam detection based on color contrast; compatible with ET30, ET35, ET40, ET52) • MC1052-01: Blind hole detection device

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, turning diameter over bed 32 mm spindle passage 32 mm turning length 125 mm Control YASKAWA SIEMENS 840 DI V2 clamping diameter 32 mm spindle turning speed range 7000 U/min workpiece length - max. 150 mm feed 0 - 2000 mm/min weight of the machine ca. 5,7 t Ksdpfx Aovwgmyekledr dimensions of the machine ca. 10,5 x 2 x 1,9 m The sliding headstock automatic lathe is in good condition and ready for immediate use. with tool holders and spare parts. >> Two identical STAR 32T sliding headstock lathes are available

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, turning diameter over bed 32 mm Kdedpjxq Hk Uofx Akljr spindle passage 32 mm turning length 125 mm Control YASKAWA SIEMENS 840 DI V2 spindle turning speed range 7000 U/min workpiece length - max. 150 mm clamping diameter 32 mm feed 0 - 2000 mm/min weight of the machine ca. 5,7 t dimensions of the machine ca. 10,5 x 2 x 1,9 m The sliding headstock automatic lathe is in good condition and ready for immediate use. with tool holders and spare parts. >> Two identical STAR 32T sliding headstock lathes are available

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,750 kg, Citizen Langdrehautomat Cincom C16-VI Year of manufacture: 2005, 1750 kg Including LNS Express bar feeder magazine - 220, year of manufacture: 2005 Location: Bad Tölz Inspection is welcome. We have other used machines available. Please feel free to contact us. Ksdpfxjzudx Do Aklodr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,750 kg, Citizen Langdrehautomat Cincom C16-VIIA Year of manufacture 2007, 1750 kg, new software Kjdpezudv Aofx Akledr Including IEMCA Genius 118 type 32 LL bar feeder, year of manufacture 2007 Location: Bad Tölz Inspection is welcome. We have other used machines available. Please contact us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,750 kg, Citizen Langdrehautomat Cincom C16-VII Year of manufacture 2003, weight 1750 kg with IEMCA Genius 118 Type 32 LL bar feeder magazine, year of manufacture 2003 Location: Bad Tölz Inspection is welcome. We have other used machines available. Please feel free to contact us. Kjdpfx Akezuduxjljdr

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,750 kg, Cincom Citizen C16-VI long-turning lathe Year of manufacture 2004, 1750 kg Equipped with IEMCA Genius 118 bar feeder, year of manufacture 2004 Location: Bad Tölz Inspection is welcome. Kdsdpfxszudr De Akler We have other used machines available. Please contact us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Doosan CNC lathe, Puma 2100MS Year of manufacture: 2011 Includes chip conveyor Location: Bad Tölz Inspection is welcome. Kedpfx Aozudn Eokledr We have other used machines available. Please contact us.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, Mazak VTC-30C – Technical Specifications X-axis travel: 1,660 mm Y-axis travel: 760 mm Z-axis travel: 660 mm Table size: 2,000 × 760 mm Kdsdpfxszvffbs Aklor Spindle speed: 7,000 rpm Spindle taper: CAT 50 / ISO 50 Tool magazine capacity: 24 tools Max. table load: approx. 1,200 kg Control: Mazatrol Machine type: Vertical Machining Center Moving column design Long table suitable for large workpieces and pendulum machining

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 9,000 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 510 mm, turning diameter: 360 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle bore: 76 mm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 590 mm, bar diameter (max.): 66 mm, CNC turn-mill center DMG MORI NLX 2000 / 500 SY Year of manufacture: 2017 Control system: Celos with Mitsubishi M 7300 Operating hours: 24,800 h Program running hours: 9,000 h Main spindle speed: 0 - 5,000 rpm Drive power: 11/15 kW Counter spindle speed: 0 - 4,500 rpm Drive power: 7.5/11 kW Bar diameter (main spindle): 66 mm Bar diameter (counter spindle): 43 mm X-axis: 260 mm Y-axis: +/- 50 mm Z-axis: 590 mm Turret: 20 stations Speed: 0 - 10,000 rpm Drive power: 3.5/5.5 kW Accessories: - High-pressure system 40 bar - Tool measurement system - Chip conveyor Kodpjzfguvefx Aklsdr - Bar loader LNS - Workpiece collection tray

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 500 mm, turning diameter: 800 mm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 382 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 65 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 2,100 mm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 20 rpm, torque: 2,200 Nm, overall weight: 12,800 kg, CNC FANUC 180i with 3D software WORK AREA: Maximum turning diameter: 800 mm Turning diameter above the cross slide: 500 mm X-axis travel: 382 mm Y-axis travel: ± 65 mm Z-axis travel: 2,100 mm MAIN ELECTRIC SPINDLE: Spindle housing: 300 mm high, 5 mm Bar capacity: 121 mm Power (40/100% ED): 43/33 kW Torque (40/100% ED): 2,200/1,700 Nm Rotation speed: 20 - 2,500 rpm AXIS FEED RATES: Kjdpjzuy H Dsfx Aklodr Rapid traverse speed X/Z: 60/35 m/min TOOL TURRET: Number of tool stations: 12+6 Number of powered tools: 12 Tool holder according to DIN 69880: 50 mm Power (40% ED): 15.7 kW Torque (40% ED): 50 Nm Rotation speed: 3,500 rpm Maximum clamping collet diameter: 26 mm TAILSTOCK: Sleeve travel: 150 mm Center mounting: CM 5 Maximum sleeve thrust: 1,800 daN Machine weight: 12,800 kg Machine complete with: -Steady rest -Set of fixed and powered tool holders -Operating manuals and CE declaration Year of manufacture: 2005

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Technical Data: Machine Class: Compact High-Precision CNC Machine TECHNICAL DATA - Number of axes: 7 - Number of spindles: 2 MAIN SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 14 [kW] - Spindle speed: 6,000 [rpm] - Max. bar diameter: 42 [mm] - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001 [deg] COUNTER SPINDLE - Spindle drive power: 9.7 [kW] - Spindle speed: 5,000 [rpm] - Minimum C-axis resolution: 0.001 [deg] - Travel distance: 330 [mm] TURNING-MILLING SPINDLE - Travel X/Z axes: 425 / 550 [mm] Kodpfx Akov Rw Emjljdr - Travel Y axis: 200 [mm] - B-axis stroke: -105 / +105 [deg] - Minimum B-axis resolution: 0.001 [deg] - Tool type: HSK40 - Spindle speed: 25,000 [rpm] - Spindle drive power: 10 [kW] TOOL CHANGER - Tool changer type: Belt loader - Number of tools in magazine: 30 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY - Supply voltage: 400 [V] - Total power requirement: 17 [kW] WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS - Footprint: 2,548 x 1,922 [mm] - Machine height: 2,686 [mm] - Machine weight: 6,500 [kg] EQUIPMENT - Control system: Num Power 1050 Key Features: High Precision: The S192FT delivers outstanding precision in the machining of demanding components, especially for aerospace, medical technology, and fine mechanics applications. Flexibility: The machine enables both complex milling and turning operations to be performed in a single setup. Compact Design: Ideally suited for manufacturing cells or as a standalone machine for complex small parts. Automation Options: The machine can be combined with robotic cells or automated loading systems. Fields of Application: - Aerospace industry - Medical technology - Precision mechanics - Micro and fine machining - Automotive industry (especially for small, high-precision components) The Bumotec S192FT is an advanced CNC machine offering exceptional precision and flexibility for machining complex parts. It is particularly suited to demanding industries that rely on the highest standards of quality and efficiency.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 37,500 h, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, EQUIPMENT: Kjdpfszp Ni Dex Akledr FANUC 18i control system Back-side machining Synchronous spindle Powered tools C-axis High-pressure pump Chip conveyor Mist extraction system Fire extinguishing system Part conveyor belt Bar feeder magazine FMB TURBO 3-26

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, MAZAK QUICK TURN 200MSY Kedpfxjzgw Ico Akljdr Max. machining diameter: 380 mm Max. machining length: 575 mm Max. milling speed: 5,000 rpm Max. spindle speed: 5,000 rpm Max. bar diameter: 65 mm Machine is equipped with: - CNC control: Mazatrol SmoothG - Hydraulic KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck BB-208 for main spindle, diameter 210 mm - Hydraulic KITAGAWA 3-jaw chuck B-206 for 2nd spindle, diameter 169 mm - Tool Eye - C-axis - C-axis counter-spindle, input accuracy 0.0001° - Y-axis - Interface for bar feeder - Automatic parts catcher - Robot interface - Reinforced coolant pump - MAYFRAN chip conveyor - 8 pcs. fixed tool holders - 2 pcs. driven tool holders

Condition: new, - Load capacity 5000 kg - Workpiece minimum Ø 250 mm - Workpiece maximum Ø 2300 mm - Roller diameter 250 mm - Wireless remote control - Digital speed display - Emergency stop Kodpfx Akoqy Nr Holodr - Documentation - 400V

Condition: new, workpiece weight (max.): 3,000 kg, – Capacity 3 tons – Workpiece minimum Ø 70 mm – Workpiece maximum Ø 1200 mm – Roller diameter 200 mm – Stepless speed adjustment – Digital speed display Kdodpfx Akjwygh Ioljr – Speed 100/1050 mm/sec – Foot pedal – Emergency stop – Documentation – 230V