Used machining centers with traverse tables for sale (186)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, machine/vehicle number: 94323, travel distance X-axis: 3,060 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,260 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 150 mm, total height: 2,400 mm, total length: 4,400 mm, total width: 2,800 mm, overall weight: 3,130 kg, I will sell a MACHINING CENTER IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION CNC machining center Biesse ROVER 3.03 functional to view in Wadowice Dcedpfowpthtjx Adder Feed X 3060 mm Feed Y 1260 mm Feed Z 150 mm Control type CNC XP 600

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Year of manufacture: 2003 Dcjdpfstr A Evjx Addjr Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Weight: 3200 kg Number of axles: 3

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,280 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,320 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 170 mm, number of slots in tool magazine: 12, Machine is provided "free loaded on truck". No dismantling and loading costs! TECHNICAL DETAILS X-axis travel: 3,280 mm Y-axis travel: 1,320 mm Z-axis travel: 170 mm CNC control: BiesseWorks Djdevvvcbepfx Addjcr Working beams: 6 pieces Suction cups: 18 pieces Tool magazines: 12 MACHINE DETAILS Total weight: 3,000 kg Electrics Input voltage: 400 V Type of input current: AC Required power: 25 kW EQUIPMENT - Safety mats - BECKER vacuum pump

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, HSK F63 chuck for HOMAG / Weeke machines Max. speed 12,000 rpm Saw blade bore 30 mm 4 auxiliary holes for saw blade screw connection Gear ratio 1:1 Dedpfx Adjwld Sbjdjcr Drill bit chuck shank diameter 10 mm

Year of construction: 2010, condition: good (used), CNC BIESSE BREMA EKO 902 INSERTS FOR SALE TECHNICAL DETAILS: 3-AXIS C.N.C. MACHINING CENTRE (X-Y-Z) - Integral protection of the operating spindle and the working area on the machine. - Numerical control (control) with BIESSE Works software on Windows. - Vertical positioning of the panels, with N. 2 panel locking clamps. - Panel feed (in X-axis direction, on the lower support with rubber wheels), movement (in X-axis) of the panel/board clamps. DIMENSIONS OF THE PALLETS (WORKING DIMENSIONS): - Length Min mm 160 / Max mm 3200 - Width Min mm 35 / Max mm 900 - Wait Min mm 8 / Max mm 80 WORKING GROUPS: - No. 1 Spindle (electro-spindle) vertical ER32 (KW 4,5) with reversing (up to 18000 RPM). - No. 1 Circular saw (for grooves) diameter mm 120 (fixed X axis) - No. 13 Independent vertical spindles for drilling (6 in X-axis + 7 in Y-axis) - Nº 8 Independent horizontal spindles for drilling (3+3 on X axis and 1+1 on Y axis) Dcsdpehknbrofx Addjr - Nº 1 Hinge drilling head unit - Total installed power 20 KW AUTOMATIC DOWEL INSERTION GROUP ON BOTH SIDES WITH PRESSURE PUMP TO APPLY THE GLUE.

Condition: used, CNC machining center Eima for machining wood. Dcedpfx Ador D T Nbjdjr Special price for self-assembly. Technical data: On request

Year of construction: 1994, condition: ready for operation (used), CNC machine for solid wood processing, Until 07.10.2022 the machine has worked. You can send short video about it. Reason for sale : machine was replaced by new machine Dcjdpfx Adoild T Uedor

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, CNC Woodworking Machining Center BACCI Double Jet The machine is fully operational. Possibility to test the machine on-site. Technical Specifications: - Working area X: 2400 mm - Working area Y: 250 mm - Working area Z: 100 mm - Independent Z axes: 2 - Number of milling spindles: 2 - Main motor: 7.5 kW - Maximum spindle speed: 18,000 RPM - 5th axis: 5-axis spindle – yes Dsdpfx Adew Dndrjdocr - Machine table: special model - Special material clamping system: designed for chairs - Loading system: magazine - Software: BACCI PITAGORA - CE Certificate: ✔️ - Total connected power: 25 kW - Weight: 6500 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, CNC machining center Biesse Rover 20 Year of construction 1997 Manufacturer Biesse Italy S/N 64851 Working area 2.893 x 950 mm 6 traverses with 12 vacuum cups Milling spindle with ISO 30 tool holder 3.6 kW, drilling unit: 10 vertical drills 6 horizontal drills Dsdpfotpuu Dox Addjcr Grooving saw, 6-fold tool changer. NC410 control unit Color screen Total power consumption 10 Kw 400 V , 50 Hz with safety fence ( not on the pictures ) 3 step mats with Becker vacuum pump, 3,0 Kw CE marked 1900 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 07120012, overall weight: 2,500 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS CE marking: Yes MACHINE DETAILS Model: Project 320 Power: 33 kVA Current: 50 A Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Weight: 2,500 kg Dsdpfx Adswvtmpedscr

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007329, X axis working area: 3200 mm Y axis working area: 1850 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 15 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 31 Dcsdpfxjxn Nfve Adder Total number of tool changer positions: 10

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 14,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: AL1/004511, travel distance X-axis: 2,800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 180 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 40,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 40,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 25,000 m/min, feed length X-axis: 2,800 mm, feed length Y-axis: 1,250 mm, feed length Z-axis: 110 mm, nominal power (apparent): 11 kVA, controller manufacturer: ESA, controller model: KVARA 6, workpiece length (max.): 2,900 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,250 mm, workpiece height (max.): 110 mm, total height: 2,700 mm, total length: 5,500 mm, total width: 2,500 mm, table width: 1,250 mm, table height: 900 mm, table length: 2,750 mm, Working dimension X 2,900 mm Working dimension Y 1,240 mm Working dimension Z 180 mm Number of milling spindles 1 Main motor power 6.6 kW Rotation speed max 18,000 rpm Torque support Tool clamping system HSK-F63 Tool changer positions 8 Vertical drilling spindles 12 Horizontal drilling spindles and X 4 Horizontal drilling spindles and Y 2 Groove saw and X-direction Lock recess milling aggregate double-sided Angular head 0-360+0-90 deg. Vector axis Cantilever machine Machine table Pod and rail table Number of consoles 6 Vacuum pump Number of vacuum pumps 1 Capacity vacuum pump Djdpfx Aowh I Nveddocr 100 m³/h Safety devices Bumper Interface for .dxf data Control PC control Software SCM XILOG Conformity marking CE mark

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, 5 axis CNC machine SCM Record 132 Prisma dedicated for windows and doors production: working dimension: 4400 x 1300 mm Working dimension in Z: 180 mm 5 axis routing unit 15 HP (liquid cooling) automatic tool change 3 x 24 position = 72 position working table with traverse with vacuum cups Dcedpsn D Hchofx Addsr help unit for heavy pieces pneumatic clamps for door and windows production vacuum pump 250 m3/h automatic lubrication conveyor for waste complet documentation

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 00110033, Year of manufacture 2000, x-axis = 3200mm, y-axis = 1250mm, z-axis = 150mm, milling spindle 8kW, 24,000rpm, ISO 30, drilling head = vertical drills x-axis – 8pcs, vertical drills y-axis – 3pcs, double horizontal drills x-axis – 2pcs, double horizontal drills y-axis – 1pc, vacuum 100m3/h. Other in the attached documentation. Djdpfx Aov Hbzwoddjcr

Year of construction: 2001, condition: ready for operation (used), Biesse Rover 22 CNC machining centre Year of manufacture 2001 SN 07498 Working range 4 axes X-axis 3060 mm Y-axis 1080 mm Z-axis 155 mm 6 consoles with 18 vacuum cup holders 4 pneumatic bakelite bars for lifting the platen Vertical electrospindle 7,5 kW with automatic tool change, ISO 30 taper Automatic tool change 7 positions on the working head Drilling head with 20 spindles arranged as follows: 7 vertical in X-axis 7 vertical in Y-axis 4 horizontal in X-axis 2 horizontal in Y-axis Dcedpfx Aeggxihsddjr Grooving saw 120mm Safety tread mats 110 m3 / h vacuum pump CE marked Weight 3500 Kg Technical specifications subject to change

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 08070013, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,785 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 280 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 60 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 50 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 20 m/min, number of slots in tool magazine: 12, TECHNICAL DETAILS Dcsdev Aiibepfx Adder X-axis: 4000 mm Y-axis: 1785 mm Z-axis: 280 mm Rapid traverse X / Y / Z: 60 / 50 / 20 m/min Tool holder: HSK-F63 Tool changer: 12 stations Drilling units: 4x horizontal, 11x vertical Control software: Masterwood MW310 MACHINE DETAILS Transport dimensions (LxWxH): 9,600 x 2,450 x 2,450 mm Total weight: 3,500 kg Power supply: 400V Connection power: 37.1 kVA Required extraction power: 6,500 m³/h EQUIPMENT - Vacuum pump Becker Picchio 2200 included (capacity: 90/108 m³/h) - Saw unit included - Original vacuum cleaner included Robot not included

Condition: reconditioned (used), 3-AXIS DRILLING & MILLING CENTER WITH FIXED RIGHT-ANGLE HEAD, DUAL HORIZONTAL SPINDLES Brand: SCM Model: TECH Z 2 27 C Year: 2007 (Machine offered in working condition, reconditioned, without warranty) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - Working area: Between lateral stops along X: 2650 mm Electro-spindle axis X travel: 2903 mm Electro-spindle axis Y travel: 1240 mm Vertical drilling bits Y travel: 1018 mm - Max. panel size for double-station machining: 1180 mm - Max. panel thickness: 180 mm - X-Y axes vector speed: 54 m/min - Z axis speed: 11.5 m/min - Z axis stroke: 200 mm - Main motor power: 2.2 kW (3 HP) Dcjdpfew E Hb Ssx Addor - Spindle rotation speed: 4,000 RPM - Spindle taper type: M 10 - Machine weight: approx. 2,800 kg COMPONENTS: WORK TABLE: 4 beams for support suction cups L=1000 mm for automatic round suction cups with aluminum bodies (2 per beam) 2 additional universal supports H=25 mm 4 suction cup supports for contouring VACUUM PUMP with a capacity of 100 m³/h Centralized extraction conveyor Automatic centralized lubrication for X & Y axes Pneumatic workpiece support device for tables L=1000 mm MILLING: HSK 63 electrospindle with increased power of 7.5 kW - Rotation speed 1,500/24,000 RPM controlled by inverter - Right and left rotation selectable via CNC - (1) HSK 63 cone with (straight) tool holder included - Collet not included (tools not included) Rear tool changer magazine with 8 positions: R8L - Can hold 8 tools, each up to Ø 120 mm - Each toolholder seat supports up to 4.5 kg - Maximum total weight of tools and holders for magazine "R8L": 22 kg HORIZONTAL UNIT WITH 2 OUTPUTS for MILLING and GROOVING: - Rotation speed: 9,000/18,000 RPM - Motor power: 3 kW (4 HP) - Milling tool (front output) max. Ø 20 mm - Usable length of front milling tool: 110 mm - Milling tool (rear output) max. Ø 12 mm - Usable length of rear milling tool: 80 mm - Blade Ø 100 mm DRILLING: 12 independent spindles for vertical drilling (7 along X and 5 along Y) 3 independent heads, each with 2 spindles for horizontal drilling: * 2 heads along "X" (64 mm pitch) * 1 along "Y" INTEGRATED OPERATOR GROUP for FIXED disc cutter, for grooving along "X" - Disc cutter rotation speed: 4,000 RPM - Motor power: 2.2 kW - Disc cutter max. Ø 120 mm - Compressed air consumption: 150 nl/min - Extraction port: Ø 160 mm PC-OFFICE (Hardware configuration): - Operating system: Windows XP - 15" CRT color monitor - QWERTY keyboard - INTEL CELERON microprocessor, 2 GHz - 40 Gb hard drive - 128 Mb RAM - 3.5" floppy disk drive, 1.44 Mb - 52x CD-ROM drive (Machine offered in working condition, reconditioned, without warranty)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 5,100 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,400 mm, workpiece height (max.): 300 mm, number of slots in tool magazine: 12, TECHNICAL DETAILS Working area Working area: 5,100 x 2,400 mm Workpiece thickness: 300 mm Spindle and tool changer Electric spindle: 1 x 10 HP HSK Tool magazine: 12 positions, daisy-shaped, on a Z-slide Drill head Vertical spindles (independent): 7 Prepared for horizontal spindle in X-direction: 1 independent spindle with double outlet (prepared) Vacuum Vacuum pumps: 3 Performance per pump: 250 m³/h Unloading Unloading system: automatic with steel mesh belt EQUIPMENT - 10 HP HSK electric spindle - 12-position daisy-shaped tool magazine on a Z-slide Dsdpfx Aewmczqeddecr - Drill head with 7 vertical spindles - Prepared for horizontal X-axis drilling spindle with Double outlet - 3 vacuum pumps, each with 250 m³/h - Automatic unloading system with steel mesh belt - CE safety standard

Condition: ready for operation (used), Brand: Morbidelli Machine no: 6062 Djdpfx Aorigrtsddjcr Year of manufacture: 1986 Tech. info: Number of spindles: 35 pcs Work table size: 1250x320 mm Spindle center distance: 32 mm Max distance between outer spindle centers: 1088 mm Drilling depth: 70 mm Motors: 2.2 kW, 2.2 kW, 50 Hz, 380 V, 3-phase Motor for raising and lowering: 0.37 kW Size for transport: 150x90x165 cm Weight: 710 kg Stock no: 2001865BXA

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,740 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,150 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of axes: 4 processing axes + A-axis Spindle power: 15 kW Model: HSK F63 Working surface In X (single processing, workpiece length): 3,740 mm In X (pendulum processing, workpiece length): 1,830 mm In Y (workpiece width): 1,550 mm In Z (workpiece thickness): 300 mm Work tables: Double Use of tables: simultaneous or alternating Feeding system Djdpfxovwatyo Addscr Model: HOMAG OPTIMAT TBP 370 gantry loader Type of feeding: Automatic panel feeding through spreader beam Usable dimensions: Panel width: 400 - 1,600 mm Panel length: 400 - 2,000 mm Panel thickness: 16 - 36 mm Maximum panel weight: 60 kg Drilling group Total number of spindles: 16 Number of vertical spindles: 12 Number of horizontal spindles: 2 + 2 Tool magazine Turret: 12 positions

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, travel distance X-axis: 2,800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 40 mm, overall weight: 4,000 kg, Taper: PS25 CNC control Tria 6000 Djdpfx Asua Arfsddjcr Motor power 5.5 kW There are 4 pieces available

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, Used machine MAKA PE 70 5-axis CNC machining center for machining wood and plastic. Machine in mobile portal design, with rack and pinion drive. Year of manufacture: 2005 Technical data: CNC control BWO 920 for 5-axis machining. LCD display 10.4" 2 MB NC memory, mobile control panel. Dcjdpfjvr A A Tox Addor Working areas in 5-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 5,500 mm X-axis: 1,250 mm Z-axis: 300 mm / with 180 mm installation height (upper edge of vacuum suction cup) Working areas in 3-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 5,900 mm X-axis: 1,250 mm Z-axis: 300 mm / with 180 mm installation height (upper edge of vacuum suction cup) A-axis 540° (rotation axis) B-axis 196° (swivel axis +/- 98°) Rapid traverse speed X/Y axis 45 m/min. Z-axis 24 m/min. A/B-axis 10 m/min. Milling unit: - 1 universal unit for 5-axis milling with 50° inclined head, power 7.5 kW (S1) 10 kW (S6), speed continuously adjustable up to 22,000 rpm, milling spindle HSK-F63, water-cooled. - 1 NC height-adjustable chip collection system with slat curtain. Tool magazine: - HSK-F63 tool interface for automatic tool change system. - 1 horizontal drum magazine, with 20 spaces for tools up to D = 90 mm, with sorted storage up to max. 160 mm. (Three spaces are required for this). Machine table: - 10 support tubes on linear guides with pneumatic release device for quick positioning. - 2 x control circuits for "lifting / lowering" stops - 2 x control circuits for "lifting / lowering" slide bar - 2 x control circuits for "clamping / releasing" pneumatics - 2 x vacuum control circuits with button for clamping and automatic reset through CNC programming. - 1 chip conveyor belt integrated in the base frame, for removing chips and small waste up to max. approx. 100 x 100 x 100 mm. Vacuum supply: - Machine designed with vacuum system. - 2 x vacuum clamping circuits - 1 vacuum pump, suction capacity per vacuum pump approx. 130 m³/h, with tank. - Vacuum supports with various suction plates. Other: - Automatic central lubrication. - Control cabinet with air conditioning unit. Work safety: - Mobile protective cabin with safety bumpers on the operator side. Repairs / maintenance before delivery: - New maintenance. - New slatted curtain on the portal - New sliding window - New Y-axis energy chain - New Z-axis energy chain - Various cables and air hoses replaced.

Condition: good (used), BIESSE ARROW ATS 5 AXIS NC1000 MACHINING CENTER Machining head with revolver tool change Dcodpfx Ajukcy Ejdder BH39 drilling machine, 250m3 vacuum pump (this machine had been in operation for 10 years in a woodworking school)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, Used machine MAKA PM 270 R 5-axis CNC machining center for machining wood, plastic and aluminum. Machine in mobile portal design, with rack and pinion drive. Year of manufacture: 2001 Technical data: CNC control BWO 900C, for 5-axis machining. Integrated PC with 1MB memory and 3.5" floppy disk drive. Mobile control panel stand. Working areas in 5-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 5,600 mm X-axis: 1,350 mm Z-axis: 420 mm / with 180 mm fixture height (vacuum suction cup) Working areas in 3-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 6,000 mm X-axis: 1,350 mm Z-axis: 420 mm / with 180 mm fixture height (vacuum suction cup) A-axis 540° (rotation axis) B-axis 200° (swivel axis +/- 100°) Rapid traverse speed X/Y axis 45 m/min. Z axis 24 m/min. A/B axis 10 m/min. Milling unit: - 1 universal unit for 5-axis milling with 50° inclined head, power max. 12.5 kW, speed continuously adjustable up to 17,000 rpm, milling spindle water-cooled. - 1 NC height-adjustable chip collection system with slat curtain. Tool magazine: - ISO 40 tool interface for automatic tool change system. - 1 chain tool magazine with 32 spaces for tools up to D = 90 mm, with sorted storage up to max. 160 mm. (Three spaces are required for this). Machine table: - 10 support tubes on linear guides with pneumatic release device for quick positioning. - 2 control circuits for "lifting/lowering" stops - 2 control circuits for "lifting/lowering" slide rail Dcsdpovmywqsfx Addor - 2 control circuits for "clamping/loosening" pneumatics - 2 vacuum control circuits with button for clamping and automatic reset through CNC programming. - 1 chip conveyor belt integrated in the base frame, for removing chips and small waste up to max. approx. 100 x 100 x 100 mm. Tools: Tools are not included in the scope of delivery! The system can be delivered including various tool holders upon request. We would be happy to make you a separate offer for this. Vacuum supply: - 1 vacuum pump, approx. 140 m³ suction power, including a tank with a capacity of 250 liters for quick vacuum build-up. - 10 vacuum supports with various suction plates. - Various clamping devices for posts and curved parts. - Raise/lower stops to position components. Other: - Automatic central lubrication. - Control cabinet with air conditioning unit. - Projection laser Work safety: - Mobile protective cabin with safety bumpers on the operator side.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, Used machine MAKA FPM 470R 5-axis CNC machining center for machining wood, plastic and aluminum. Machine in mobile portal design, with rack and pinion drive. The machine was last used in wooden staircase construction. Year of manufacture: 1999 // RETROFIT in 2019 Technical data: CNC control BWO Vector 921 for 5-axis machining. 256 MB NC memory, USB connection, mobile control panel. Working areas in 5-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 5,600 mm X-axis: 1,600 mm Z-axis: approx. 380 mm / with 180 mm fixture height (OK vacuum suction cup) Working areas in 3-axis operation, with tool diameter 60 / length 160 mm: Y-axis: 6,000 mm X-axis: 1,600 mm Z-axis: approx. 380 mm / with 180 mm fixture height (vacuum suction cup) A-axis 540° (rotation axis), B-axis 196° (swivel axis +/- 98°) Rapid traverse speed: X-/Y-axis 45 m/min., Z-axis 15 m/min., A-/B-axis 10,000 °/min. Milling unit: - 1 universal unit for 5-axis milling with 50° inclined head, power max. 12.5 kW, speed continuously adjustable up to 17,000 rpm, milling spindle water-cooled. - 1 NC height-adjustable chip collection system with slat curtain. Dodpfxsvmpx Re Addocr Tool magazine: - ISO 40 tool interface for automatic tool change system. - 2 chain tool magazines with 32 spaces each for tools up to D = 90 mm, with sorted storage up to max. 160 mm. (Three spaces are required for this). Machine table: - 10 support tubes on linear guides with pneumatic release device for quick positioning. - 2 control circuits for "lifting/lowering" stops - 2 control circuits for "clamping/loosening" pneumatics - 2 vacuum control circuits with button for clamping and automatic reset through CNC programming. - 2 step separators, stroke approx. 320 mm. - Various clamping devices for posts and curved parts. - 1 chip conveyor belt integrated in the base frame, for removing chips and small waste up to max. approx. 100 x 100 x 100 mm. Tools: Tools are not included in delivery! Vacuum supply: - 1 vacuum pump, including tank with 250 liter capacity for quick vacuum build-up. - approx. 20 vacuum supports with various suction cups. - 4 lifting/lowering stops for positioning components. Other: - Automatic central lubrication. - Control cabinet with air conditioning unit. - Projection laser Work safety: - Traveling protective cabin with safety bumpers. Overhaul / repairs in 2018 / 2019: - Conversion of the rotary and swivel axis to a new generation of drives (digital). - New Y- / X- / Z-axis energy chains. - Complete new cabling, all power and measuring system cables renewed. - All guide carriages new - New Z-axis ball screw and guide rails. - New X-axis guide rail. - Control system converted to BWO Vector 921, with V-CNC card 256 MB NC memory. - New vacuum valves and vacuum hoses. - 2 x tool magazine + tool gripper overhauled. - Swivel suction overhauled. Software: - It is possible to take over a current version of the Compass staircase construction software. Compass is the leading provider when it comes to the planning and production of wooden staircases.