Used Vacuum Press for sale (28,960)

Condition: not inspected (used), overall weight: 500 kg, total length: 1,000 mm, total width: 700 mm, total height: 800 mm, volume flow: 600 m³/h, power: 13.2 kW (17.95 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, BUSH vacuum pump. Rotary vacuum pump in oil bath. Used pump. Gtodpfov Aclvox Ah Hst Nominal flow: 600 m3/h at 50Hz. Ultimate vacuum: 0.02 bar abs. If you have any questions, please contact us

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 50 h, machine/vehicle number: 2390, bending force (max.): 100 t, stroke length: 140 mm, throat depth: 300 mm, distance between stands: 2,600 mm, overall weight: 6,650 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Bending force: 100 t Cylinder stroke: 140 mm Open width without tooling: 345 mm Distance between uprights: 2,600 mm Throat depth: 300 mm Approach speed: 160 mm/s Bending speed: 10 mm/s Return speed: 130 mm/s Rotational speed: 1,500 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: DA 66 T Oil capacity: 125 L Total weight: 6,650 kg Gtsdpfxex Eyv Ne Ah Hjt Power: 7.5 kW Voltage/Power supply: 400 V AC Control voltage: 24 V AC/DC Operating hours: under 50 h

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 42,663 h, controller model: MMC PLC, bending force (max.): 320 t, working width: 4,100 mm, stroke length: 265 mm, throat depth: 400 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 320 t Bending length: 4,100 mm Travel X-axis: 600 mm Travel R-axis: 250 mm Travel Z-axis: 2,900 mm Gtjdpfx Asx I Hzwjh Hot Stroke: 265 mm Throat depth: 400 mm Distance between uprights: 3,750 mm Installation height: 550 mm Table width: 60 mm MACHINE DETAILS Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, R, Z1, Z2 Control system: MMC PLC Oil capacity: 600 l Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 5,000 x 2,300 x 4,020 mm Weight: 29,000 kg Operating hours: 42,663 h EQUIPMENT Hydraulic crowning Side safety fences Rear safety guard FIESSLER light barrier Note: The machine is sold without tooling.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 9,874 h, bending force (max.): 173 t, working width: 4,250 mm, stroke length: 600 mm, throat depth: 420 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 1,700 kN Working width: 4,250 mm Stroke: 600 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 6,000 x 1,700 x 3,000 mm Total weight: 16,000 kg Control type: CNC-controlled Gtodpjx R S S Hofx Ah Hot Press beam operating hours: 9,874 h EQUIPMENT 5-axis backgauge Hydraulic tool clamping (top/bottom) Die adjustment for bending CNC-controlled bending aid Bendguard safety system ACB angle measurement sensor Note: The machine is sold without tooling.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, The K+G Wetter SM 65 Bowl Cutter with Vacuum is a premium industrial machine designed for the highest quality fine-emulsifying and chopping of meat products. The addition of the vacuum system elevates product quality, making it ideal for high-end sausages, emulsions, and specialty products. Gjdpfx Ahoxv Sk Dj Hstt Vacuum Advantage & Quality Control Superior Product Quality: The integrated Vacuum System removes air from the product during cutting and mixing. This prevents oxidation, enhances color stability, improves product binding, and significantly reduces air pockets, resulting in a denser, higher-quality final emulsion. High Knife Speed: Features a Knife shaft continuously variable from 50 to 5000 rpm, providing extreme precision to achieve the exact desired texture and fineness. Temperature Monitoring: Includes a precise Temperature monitoring system, giving the operator vital control to prevent product quality degradation. Efficient Mixing: The Mixing cycle return value of 50–500 U/min ensures thorough and gentle incorporation of ingredients, even under vacuum. Power & Operational Benefits Consistent Batch Quality: The variable speeds and vacuum control ensure highly reproducible, uniform results for every 65-liter batch. Heavy-Duty Power: Features substantial Installed Power of 24 kW, providing the necessary force to cut and emulsify tough, chilled, or frozen products efficiently. Safety and Noise Reduction: Includes a Noise protection cover and the knife shaft for a safer, quieter working environment. Hygienic Design: Constructed from stainless steel with a focus on accessibility for maintenance and easy, thorough cleaning, adhering to rigorous industry hygiene standards.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW * Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. * The pressing box will be HARDOX plates. * Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be MARZOCCI brand. * The hydraulic valve control lever unit will be SALAMI or VALVOIL brand. * There will be automatic Oil Cooling/Heating Systems. * There will be an oil temperature control screen on the electric panel and an oil level control on the hydraulic oil tank. Gedpedfc Unefx Ah Hott * The machine will be manually operated. * All electric-electronic material will be from the SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS brand. * Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first. * The machine is CE and EAC certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Bale Size: 600mm x 400mm x ... Container Dimension (Width x Length x Height ): 620mm x 1.300mm x 620mm Capacity:

Year of construction: 1976, condition: excellent (used), pressing force: 630 t, Manufactured by Voronezh Plant (Russia) Gtsdpfjx Thh Asx Ah Hst Year of manufacture: 1976 Capacity, t: 630 Slide stroke, mm: 320 Strokes per minute: 20 Table size, mm: 1250 x 1250 Slide adjustment, mm: 180 Max. distance between table and slide, mm: 800 Motor power, kW: 55 Press dimensions, mm: 3200 x 3470 x 6100 Press weight, kg: 51250

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1990, OFFSET PRINTING MACHINE HEIDELBERG SM72-2 1990 Gtsdpex Rhkxjfx Ah Hjt

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2002, controller model: Cybelec DNC 1200, bending force (max.): 250 t, working width: 3,550 mm, distance between stands: 3,000 mm, overall weight: 18,500 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 250 t Bending length: 3,550 mm Distance between uprights: 3,000 mm MACHINE DETAILS Controlled axes: y1, y2, x, r, z1, z2, back gauge tilt Control unit: Cybelec DNC 1200 Gjdpfex I Ebisx Ah Hstt Dimensions & weight Footprint (L x W x H): approx. 4,300 x 2,750 x 3,750 mm Machine weight: approx. 18,500 kg EQUIPMENT Two-hand foot switch Lasersafe Fisseler Hydraulic tool clamping top and bottom Die shifting Hydraulic crowning Support arms 1 set of upper and lower tools Safety guard

Condition: like new (used), Vacuum tumbler SVT2000 Sind Capacity: 2000 liters Speed frequency: 3 to 15 turns Voltage: 380V / 50Hz Electrical Power: 6.6 kW Dimensions: 270 x 154 x 222cm Gtodpfx Ahswk H Tfs Het

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW: 1. Briquette Diameter: Ø 120mm Gtjdpfx Ahjdfc Iks Het 2. Capacity: 1.800 – 2.200 kg/hour (Iron & Steel) 3. Preliminary Compression Ram Thrust: 15 tons 4. Main Compression Cylinder Thrust: 400 tons 5. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 6. Cycle Time: 12 - 14 sec 7. Electric Motor Power: 75 kW 8. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 3.200mm x 4.200mm x 3.500mm 9. Machine Weight: 13.000 kg 10. Screw drive feeders will fill the compression chamber automatically and a built-in vibrating hopper will provide safety to the chamber by preventing oversize material from entering the chamber. 11. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome plated. 12. A Hydraulic Oil cooling system is implemented. 13. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are PARKER or BOSCH-REXROTH brand. 14. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. 15. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS Brand. 16. The machine is CE certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. 17. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1996, controller model: Cybelec DNC 800, bending force (max.): 160 t, working width: 3,000 mm, distance between stands: 2,650 mm, overall weight: 16,000 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 160 t Bending length: 3,000 mm Frame gap (distance between uprights): 2,650 mm MACHINE DETAILS CNC axes: y1, y2, x, R Control: Cybelec DNC 800 Machine weight: approx. 16 t EQUIPMENT Two-hand foot switch Hydraulic top tool clamping Hydraulic crowning Hydraulic bottom tool clamping 5 manually adjustable backgauge fingers Die shifting Tool package Side safety doors Gtjdpfx Ahjx I D T Rj Het

Condition: new, Vacuum filler SD 95automatic vacuum filler Ital Form Constructed of Stainless Steel Applications: Stuffing of all types of charcuterie pasta such as: chorizo, fresh sausage, cooked sausage, salami, salami, pâtés, ice creams.. Minimum pieces to clean Rapidity in the assembly and disassembly of the drawing set Dimensions: 1.100 x 900 x 1.820mm Tilt-able hopper: 95 litres Rotor diameter Ø120mm Number of vanes: 10, 12 Filling capacity: 3.000 kg / h Portion performance: 400 portions / min Filling pressure: 35 bar Vacuum pump: 16 m3 / h Connected load: 4,2 kW Net weight: 340 kg Optional accessories: Gtedpewhwmdofx Ah Hst Tilting hopper 120L - 1610 € Twisting device- 5635 € Holding device - 4830 € Plug for signal socket- 365 € Signal socket- 360 €

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Briquette Diameter: Ø 200mm 2. Capacity: 12.000 kg/hour ( Steel) 3. Preliminary Compression Ram Thrust: 50 tons 4. Main Compression Cylinder Thrust: 850 tons 5. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 6. Cycle Time: 10 - 12 sec 7. Electric Motor Power: 6x37=222 kW (Main Motors) 8. Machine Dimensions : 11.000mm x 10.000mm 9. Machine Weight: 60.000 kg 10. Screw drive feeders will fill the compression chamber automatically and a built-in vibrating hopper will provide safety to the chamber by preventing the oversize material from entering the chamber. 11. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome plated. 12. A Hydraulic Oil cooling system is implemented. 13. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are PARKER or BOSCH-REXROTH brand. 14. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. 15. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS Brand. Gedpfx Asgv I N Ujh Hstt 16. The machine is CE certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. 17. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1995, controller model: CYBELEC DNC 880S, bending force (max.): 100 t, working width: 2,050 mm, overall weight: 8,000 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Pressing force: 100 t Bending length: 2,050 mm Gtedpex I D Saefx Ah Hot MACHINE DETAILS Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, R, Z1, Z2, X1 Control: CYBELEC DNC 880S Dimensions & weight Dimensions: 2,650 x 2,600 x 2,700 mm Weight: 8,000 kg EQUIPMENT Hydraulic Wila upper clamping Motorized crowning

Condition: used, Vacuum filler Manufacturer: Handtmann Model: VF 620 Efficiency: up to 6000kg/h Electric power: 8kW Voltage: 400V 50Hz 3N Filling pressure: up to 40bar Portion range: 5-100.000 g Hopper capacity: 90/240 liters Gtjdpfsui Rkcsx Ah Hjt Dimensions: 1350x1950x2100mm Weight: 1400 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Briquette Diameter: Ø 160mm Gtedpfx Aogv I Ihjh Het 2. Capacity: 4.500 – 5.500 kg/hour (Iron & Steel) 3. Preliminary Compression Ram Thrust: 50 tons 4. Main Compression Cylinder Thrust: 600 tons 5. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 6. Cycle Time: 12 - 14 sec 7. Electric Motor Power: 170 kW Overall 8. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 5.200mm x 8.000mm x 3.100mm 9. Machine Weight: 42.000 kg 10. Screw drive feeders will fill the compression chamber automatically and a built-in vibrating hopper will provide safety to the chamber by preventing the oversize material from entering the chamber. 11. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome plated. 12. A Hydraulic Oil cooling system is implemented. 13. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are PARKER or BOSCH-REXROTH brand. 14. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. 15. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS Brand. 16. The machine is CE certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. 17. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1989, controller model: Cybelec DNC 60, bending force (max.): 50 t, working width: 2,050 mm, Equipment: foot remote control, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 50 t Bending length: 2,050 mm MACHINE DETAILS Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, R Control unit: Cybelec DNC 60 Weight: 7,000 kg EQUIPMENT Foot pedal Gjdpfxjx I D E He Ah Hstt Hydraulic upper tool clamping 2 manually adjustable backgauge fingers Tooling

Condition: new, Type: SV 660 l 2P-V Completely stainless steel Hopper capacity 660 liter Double working shafts Rotation of shafts in both directions Vacuum: 0,04 – 0,06 mpa Electric power: 9.5 kW Voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Discharging pneumatic flaps PLC + Touchscreen control Delay start 99 programs Installation dimensions of the machine in cm: Width: 140 Length: 170 Gtedpoul Tzijfx Ah Hjt Height: 161

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW Gtodpfx Ahsgwa Urj Het SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Briquette Diameter: Ø 80mm 2. Capacity: 700-900 kg/hour ( Copper ) 3. Preliminary Compression Ram Thrust: 12.5 tons 4. Main Compression Cylinder Thrust: 250 tons ( 5 tonne / cm2 ) 5. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 6. Cycle Time: 12 - 14 seconds 7. Electric Motor Power: 30 kW 8. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 2.200 mm x 2.600 mm x 2.800 mm 9. Machine Weight: 6.000 kg 10. Screw drive feeders will fill the compression chamber automatically and a built-in vibrating hopper will provide safety to the chamber by preventing the oversize material from entering the chamber. 11. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome plated. 12. A Hydraulic Oil cooling system is implemented. 13. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are from worldwide reputable brands such as PARKER. 14. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. 15. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS Brand. 16. The machine is CE certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. 17. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, bending force (max.): 80 t, working width: 2,500 mm, stroke length: 200 mm, overall weight: 7,500 kg, Equipment: foot remote control, TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 80 t Bending length: 2,500 mm Stroke: 200 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Required space (L x W x H): approx. 3,700 x 2,000 x 3,200 mm Gtsdpfx Aox I Ealjh Hot Machine weight: approx. 7,500 kg EQUIPMENT 2 support arms in front of the machine Light barrier in front of the machine Foot pedal

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: THE MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW The compression chamber walls are covered with HARDOX material for long-term life-cycle and friction resistance. A hydraulic Oil Cooling system is implemented for efficiency in hot climate conditions. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome-plated. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are from worldwide reputable brands such as PARKER, and BOSCH-REXROTH. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. It is easy to use with the help of the touch screen. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER and SIEMENS Brands. The machine is CE-certified. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Gjdpfx Ahed Iya Ne Hott Bale Size 400mm x 400mm x... Bale Weight 100-180 kg (Steel), 40-100 kg (Aluminium),120-180 kg (Copper) Press Box Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.600mm x 900mm Loading Bunker Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.500mm x 2.200mm x 650mm Feeding Opening: 1.000mm x 1.600mm Capacity*

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: THE MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW The compression chamber walls are covered with HARDOX material for long-term life-cycle and friction resistance. A hydraulic Oil Cooling system is implemented for efficiency in hot climate conditions. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome-plated. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are from worldwide reputable brands such as PARKER, and BOSCH-REXROTH. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. It is easy to use with the help of the touch screen. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER and SIEMENS Brands. The machine is CE-certified. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. Machine will be under Aymas Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Bale Size 400mm x 400mm x... Bale Weight 120-180 kg (Steel), 50-80 kg (Aluminium),150-200 kg (Copper) Press Box Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.700mm x 900mm Loading Bunker Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.650mm x 2.300mm x 800mm Feeding Opening: 1.000mm x 1.600mm Capacity* Gedpjdfcqasfx Ah Hott

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Bale Size: 400mm x 400mm x... 2. Container Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.000mm x 800mm 3. Capacity: 4 tons/hour (Steel), 5 tons/hour (Copper), 2 tons/hour (Aluminium) 4. Cycle Time: 90 seconds ( Idle ) Gtjdpjdfc Iyefx Ah Het 5. Top Cover Cylinder Thrust: 90 tons 6. Preliminary Compression Cylinder Thrust: 150 tons 7. Main Compression Ram Thrust: 210 tons 8. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 9. Electric Motor: 37 kW 10. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 3.400 mm x 6.800 mm x 3.000 mm 11. Machine Weight: 18.000 kg 12. There will be an ejection door. 13. Repairable and four-edge-usable blades. 14. Container walls will be covered with HARDOX 450 - 500 material. 15. There will be an automatic SKF liquid lubrication system integrated into the compression chamber. 16. There will be an automatic SKF greasing system that will grease the bushings. 17. Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. 18. Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be by PARKER or EATON VICKERS & KAWASAKI brand. 19. Bypass filter will be added to the hydraulic system. 20. There will be an AKG Hydraulic Oil Cooling System. 21. All electrical parts will be SIEMENS or SCHNEIDER Brand. 22. The machine will be fully automatic with PLC control, PLC brand and model will be SIEMENS. There will be a touch screen SIEMENS HMI Simatic Panel with emergency buttons placed on some important points. 23. There will be blades from 2767 material (hardness 55HRC) at the borders of the top cover and the sides of the scrap chamber. 24. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. S. Guarantee for 1 year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first against manufacturing defects.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Bale Size: 500mm x 500mm x... 2. Container Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 2.000mm x 2.500mm x 1.100mm 3. Capacity: 15-20 tons/hour (steel) 4. Cycle Time: 90 seconds ( Idle ) 5. Top Cover Cylinder Thrust: 90 tons 6. Preliminary Compression Cylinder Thrust: 150 tons 7. Main Compression Ram Thrust: 300 tons 8. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 9. Electric Motor: 2 x 75 kW = 150 kW 10. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 10.000 mm x 10.000 mm x 4.000 mm 11. Machine Weight: 55.000 kg 12. There will be an ejection door. 13. Repairable and four-edge-usable blades. 14. Container walls will be covered with HARDOX 450 - 500 material. Gjdpfx Asgwa T Rsh Hett 15. There will be an automatic SKF liquid lubrication system integrated into the compression chamber. 16. There will be an automatic SKF greasing system that will grease the bushings. 17. Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. 18. Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be by PARKER or EATON VICKERS & KAWASAKI brand. 19. Bypass filter will be added to the hydraulic system. 20. There will be an AKG Hydraulic Oil Cooling System. 21. All electrical parts will be SIEMENS or SCHNEIDER Brand. 22. The machine will be fully automatic with PLC control, PLC brand and model will be SIEMENS. There will be a touch screen SIEMENS HMI Simatic Panel with emergency buttons placed on some important points. 23. There will be blades from 2767 material (hardness 55HRC) at the borders of the top cover and the sides of the scrap chamber. 24. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. S. Guarantee for 1 year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first against manufacturing defects.