Used Combined Planer Thickness Planer Planer 45 Cm for sale (30,062)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 7303 Nwedpfxszkg Tco Al Aek TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 640mm - Number of knives: 3 pcs - Max. thickness of the workpiece: 250mm From above: - Pawls - Toothed infeed shaft, pulling - Pressure rollers - Surfacing shaft - Pressure rollers - Smooth outfeed shaft, pulling From below: - Adjustable rollers in the lower bed: 2 pcs - Motor: 7.5kW - Electric bed lifting - Lifting motor: 0.75kW - 4 feed speed settings - Feed motor: 1.5kW - Diameter of dust extraction nozzle: 140mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1120x1250x1680mm - Weight: 1033kg - Made in Poland - Used thickness planer, very good condition Original photos Net price: 19900 PLN Net price: 4738 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change due to larger fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Working width: 510 mm Cutterhead: strip knives Number of knives: 4 Planer table length: 2000 mm Tiltable planer fence: yes Planer tables fold-up: manual Maximum thicknesser pass height: 230 mm Thickness table height adjustment: electric Planing thickness display: digital readout Feed speed: 7 / 14 m/min Infeed roller: steel Outfeed roller: steel Pressure bar: continuous Table rollers: yes Motor power: 5.5 kW Motor brake: yes Extraction connection: 160 mm Machine length: 2200 mm Nwsdpsxgn N Rofx Al Ask Machine width: 950 mm Weight: 800 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), planing width: 630 mm, tool diameter: 125 mm, number of blades: 4, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, overall weight: 1,260 kg, Offering a used MARTIN thickness planer, model T45. Sale due to restructuring of the company. General Technical Specifications: Planing width: 630 mm Maximum planing depth: 12 mm Planing height: 2.8 - 300 mm Minimum workpiece length: 270 mm Weight: approx. 1,200 kg Table length: 1260 mm Speed: 5000 rpm Thickness table extension 630 x 450 mm, foldable Year of manufacture: 2011 5.5 kW (7.5 hp); maximum planing width 630 mm The machine provides first-class results in planing operations. Operation: 1-axis control for planing dimensions, maximum 99 values can be stored, Button for manual quick and fine adjustment of the planing thickness according to the digital display, Push buttons for starting and stopping the cutterhead, Cutterhead: TERSA full-steel cutterhead Z4 D=125 mm; including locking mechanism for easy cutter replacement Groove for accommodating planing cutters. Thickness table: Electric thickness table adjustment with fine adjustment, feed rate 10 mm/s, mounted on 4 support spindles, preventing tipping, table surface finely planed. Njdpfszwpvaex Al Aewk Feed: 2 speeds, 6 / 12 m/min, electrically selectable even during planing, large rubber feed rollers D=85 mm to compensate for varying wood thicknesses, rubber rollers are material-friendly and self-cleaning, easy roller replacement; articulated pressure bar at the infeed. Extraction: High-swiveling, split hood with chip extraction connection D=160 mm, Maintenance: Central lubrication strip for oil lubrication points; lubrication of bearings / cutterhead via grease nipples. The machine is still connected and can be tested. Price is quoted plus VAT.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 7823 Technical specifications: - Roller width: 640mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Maximum thickness of workpiece: 250mm – Top: - Deflectors - Toothed, infeed roller - Pressure rollers - Planing roller - Smooth, outfeed roller – Bottom: - Adjustable rollers in the lower bed – 2 pcs - Motor: 7.5kW - with brake - Electric bed lifting - 4 feed speeds: 8/11.3/16/22.4 m/min - Feed motor: 1.35kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1400x1200x1210mm – weight: 1041kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Electric bed lifting – Used thickness planer, very good condition Nwodpfx Aloztxbke Ask Net price: 16900 PLN Net price: 4025 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to currency fluctuations)

Condition: new, With a 520 mm planing width, motorized thickness table adjustment, and comfort switching - Stable steel and cast iron construction - Large, ribbed jointer tables made of cast iron - Smooth operation due to high dead weight - Four feed speeds - Motorized thickness table lift with two speeds and digital display - Segmented pressure beam at the infeed - Precision ball bearings on the four-knife cutterblock - Helical, hardened steel infeed roller for especially consistent and gentle wood feed - Outfeed roller with rubber coating - Large tiltable fence, adjustable from 90° to +45° - Standard auxiliary fence included - Powerful industrial motor - Pneumatic quick-change system with pneumatic raising and lowering of the jointer table - The extraction port remains in the same position for both jointing and thicknessing operations—no need for additional extraction hoses, inconvenient switching, or rerouting around the machine Scope of delivery: Technical Data: Dimensions and Weights: - Length (product): approx. 2300 mm - Width/Depth (product): approx. 1100 mm - Weight (net): approx. 980 kg Jointer: - Total table length: 2300 mm - Infeed table length: 1200 mm - Working height: 930 mm - Max. planing depth: 6 mm - Fence length: 1200 mm - Fence height: 190 mm - Fence tilt: 90 – 45° Extraction connection: - Extraction port diameter, thicknesser: 120 mm Installation Information: - Space requirement, length: 2300 mm - Space requirement, width/depth: 1610 mm Explanation: Max. travel paths or usable lengths are taken into account. - Machine body length: 1235 mm - Machine body width/depth: 850 mm - Working area length: 1000 mm - Working area width/depth: 3500 mm Note: Please add the working area to the space requirement to determine the recommended free installation space for the machine. Thicknesser: - Min. working height: 3.5 mm - Max. working height: 250 mm - Max. cutting depth: 8 mm Electrical Data: - Main drive motor power: 7 kW - Connection voltage: 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz Nwsdsxnqyhjpfx Al Ask Cutterblock: - Cutterblock type: TERSA - Cutterblock diameter: 120 mm - Number of knives: 4 - Cutterblock speed: 5000 rpm - Max. planing width: 520 mm Feed: - Feed speed: 5/8/12/18 m/min

Condition: used, with segmented infeed roller and segmented pressure bar Tables with top accuracy of 0.0 – max. 1/10 mm Bridge-type, single-sided reversible knife system completely adjusted used good condition cleaned functionally tested partially refurbished Nwedpfezd Hc Rsx Al Ajk Manufacturer: Kölle Type: HK63 Machine no.: 1409 Number of knives: 2 Feed rate m/min: 2 speeds Jointing strip Table guide rollers Segmented pressure bar Segmented infeed roller Integrated dust extraction hood Planing width approx. mm: 630 Planing height approx. mm: 220 Table length approx. mm: 2100 Dust extraction connection mm: 160 Space requirement approx. L x W x H mm: 2200 x 1300 x 1400 Weight approx. kg: 1200 Location: 97447 Gerolzhofen, free loading, unpacked Handover in the current condition as inspected, without warranty and guarantee

Condition: new, Ideal for demanding craftsmen and carpentersThe particularly long dressing tables made of one piece enable easy dressing of the workpiecesWork tables are made of gray cast iron, making them robust and permanently flatRear-opening dressing tables with tension spring support for quick and easy retoolingThanks to the fixed extraction hood, it is not necessary to reposition the extraction hose during retooling, This saves valuable working timeHelically toothed steel infeed roller ensures constant and even wood infeedRubber outfeed roller in the thickness run-out ensures even wood outfeedMaterial feed with four speedsPlane thicknessing table adjustment via handwheel with integrated display for the planing heightDIGITAL: with electric thicknessing table height adjustment and digital displayOn/off switch in operator positionPowerful industrial motorThe high machine weight ensures maximum precision and smooth paration for slot drilling deviceQuality Made in ItalyTECHNICAL DATADimensions and weightsLength (product) approx. 2250 mm Width/depth (product) approx. 1370 mmWeight (net) approx. 695 kgJointerTotal length of tables 2250 mmChip removal max. Dressing 5 mmDressing fence length 1200 mmDressing fence height 150 mmSuction connectionSuction nozzle diameter thickness 1 x 120 mmInstallation informationSpace requirement length 2250 mmSpace requirement width/depth 1440 mmExplanation of space requirement: The dimensions take into account maximum travel distances or effective cknessThicknessing table length 520 mmThicknessing table width 850 mmWorking height thickness min. 3 mmWorking height thickness max. 240 mmWorking length thickness min. 220 mmChip removal max. thickness 5 mmElectrical dataDrive motor power 7 kWSupply voltage 400 VMains frequency 50 HzPlaner cutterheadPlaner shaft type TERSAPlaner shaft diameter 120 mmNumber of planer knives 4 pcsPlaner shaft speed 5000 min¯¹Planer width max. 520 mmFeedFeed speed 5/8/12/18 m/minSCOPE OF DELIVERYJointer-jointer fence with round bar guide4 feed speedsTersa planer shaftManufacturer no.5503501 Nedpfsvwflbsx Al Ajwk

Condition: used, Bäuerle Type 125/02 heavy-duty thickness planer for the precise sizing (thickness planing) of solid timber and wood-based materials. The robust construction and powerful drive ensure consistent planing results and a long service life. Accessories included. Technical data: - Planing width: 610 mm - Planing height: 200 mm - Planing shaft: Z4 strip planing blades Nodpfjzrxznsx Al Aewk - Feed speed: 7–14 m/min - Motor power: 4.4 kW - Weight: approx. 1,150 kg

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7172 TECHNICAL DATA - planing width: 640 mm - max thickness of workpiece: 230 mm - 4-knife cutterhead Top section: - anti-kickback fingers - toothed, powered infeed roller - pressure bar - planing cutterhead - pressure bar - smooth, powered, metal outfeed roller Bottom section: 2 adjustable sliding rollers in the table - main motor: 5.5 kW - electric table lifting: approx. 0.25 kW - two feed speeds: 0.75 kW - extraction port diameter: 160 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 1320x1270x1380 mm - weight: 903 kg ADVANTAGES – made in Germany – used thickness planer, in very good condition Net price: 21,900 PLN Net price: 5,200 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR Njdsztxmyopfx Al Aowk (in the case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The CORMAK PT310ET planer–thicknesser is an advanced woodworking machine that combines the functionality of a jointer and a thickness planer in one robust construction. It stands out with exceptional stability, high working power, and features that increase precision and operator comfort, such as additional feed rollers integrated into the thicknessing table. Key Advantages S6 motor power: 2.8 kW (S1: 2.2 kW) – one of the most powerful in its class, ensuring consistent performance even under heavy loads. Stable 180 kg construction – rigid cast-iron tables and additional rubber-coated feet minimize vibrations and increase precision. Quick mode switching – fast change from jointer to thicknesser by lifting the tables and repositioning the chip-extraction hood. Smooth and quiet operation – low noise emission and accurate material feed ensure operator comfort and safety. Efficient extraction system – Ø120 mm outlet allows effective chip removal, especially during intensive use. Unique Benefit: Feed Rollers in the Thicknesser – specially designed auxiliary roller extensions integrated into the thicknessing table support the machining of long and heavy workpieces, making feeding and collecting easier while improving surface finish quality. Applications Carpentry and furniture workshops – for daily, efficient machining of solid wood and laminated boards. Production of structural components – ideal for flattening and calibrating construction elements, stairs, frames, and mouldings. Technical schools – for training in professional woodworking using high-quality industrial equipment. Standard Equipment Three HSS knives, 310 × 25 × 3 mm Cutterhead guard Nsdpsxy Hy Uofx Al Aswk Cast-iron jointer tables Ø120 mm dust-extraction outlet Feed switch and emergency STOP switch Operating manual (DTR) CE declaration of conformity Technical Specifications Cutterhead diameter: 75 mm Cutterhead speed: 5500 rpm Dust port diameter: 100 mm Fence tilt angle: 90–45° Number of knives / dimensions: 3 / 310 × 25 × 3 mm Maximum jointer width: 310 mm Maximum thicknesser width: 308 mm Planing height range: 5–225 mm Maximum depth of cut (thicknesser): 2.5 mm Maximum depth of cut (jointer): 4 mm Thicknesser feed speed: 6 m/min Jointer table dimensions (L × W): 1300 × 310 mm Gross weight: 180 kg Motor speed: 2800 rpm Motor power: S1: 2.2 kW / S6: 2.8 kW Power supply: 400 V, 5-pin socket, 16 A Manual (DTR): Polish/ English CE declaration: yes

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1974, KAMRO thickness planer machine Model CONCORD DH5 Year of manufacture 1974 Motor 5.5 HP / 400 Volt Nwodpfx Alowlfibs Aok 4-knife shaft (strip knives) Planing width 510 mm Planing height approx. 250 mm Feed speed 9 and 18 m/min. 2 table rollers Knife setting gauge Operating manual

Condition: used, Robland KD 410 Planer Nedpfxezvf A Hs Al Aswk Max. planing width: 410 mm, Max. planing height: 220 mm, 3 planing knives, manual feed adjustment, 1 feed speed. 4.5 KW motor.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, machine/vehicle number: 3060, functionality: unexamined, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), input voltage: 380 V, input current: 13 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, planing width: 520 mm, number of blades: 4, actuation type: electric, rotational speed (max.): 5,600 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 5,600 rpm, overall weight: 570 kg, Equipment: CE marking, Sicar thickness planer Forte 520, planing width 520 mm, max. workpiece height 300 mm, motor 5.5 kW, 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 4-knife Tersa cutterblock, sold as inspected, ex location Seevetal, subject to prior sale. Nwjdpfx Aljy E Rzio Ajk

Condition: good (used), Griggio PSA 530 - Planing width: 53 cm Nwedozv T Azjpfx Al Aek - Electric table lifting - 4 Tersa knives - 4 feed speeds on the gearbox The machine is in very good condition and operates smoothly and quietly.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, CORMAK PT260Q 400V Planer Thicknesser – Professional Woodworking Machine The CORMAK PT260Q 400V planer thicknesser is a professional woodworking machine combining the functions of a surface planer and thickness planer. Equipped with an advanced integrated table system and a powerful three-phase motor, it ensures reliable operation and high precision when processing both hardwood and softwood. The machine is an ideal solution for carpentry workshops, production facilities, and any environment where efficiency, repeatability, and machining accuracy are essential. Main advantages of the machine Three-phase motor S6: 2.6 kW – enables long-term, stable operation with demanding materials without loss of performance. Integrated working tables – an innovative lifting mechanism allows simultaneous table adjustment, eliminating the need for repeated calibration. Stable cast iron construction – a 175 kg machine weight and precisely manufactured components reduce vibrations and ensure accurate planing, even with thin workpieces. Quick function switching – an intuitive mechanism allows fast conversion from surface planer mode to thickness planer mode. Efficient chip extraction system – the Ø100 mm dust extraction outlet improves cooperation with extraction systems and keeps the working area clean. Construction and technology The CORMAK PT260Q is built on a rigid cast iron body with working tables designed for high resistance to deformation. The main tables are connected and adjusted simultaneously, eliminating setup errors typical of traditional folding-table designs. This technology not only speeds up machine preparation but also improves machining accuracy compared with older solutions. The 700 × 150 mm tilting aluminium fence with an adjustment range of 90°–45° enables precise angled processing of wooden elements. Precision and working efficiency The machine is equipped with a Ø75 mm cutter block with three 250 mm long knives, rotating at 4000 rpm, allowing perfectly smooth surface finishing. The maximum working width is 250 mm, while the maximum thicknessing cutting depth reaches 3 mm. The centrally mounted thicknessing table provides accurate height adjustment, and the 6 m/min feed speed ensures efficient processing of larger quantities of material. Standard equipment Ø75 mm cutter block with 3 knives 250 × 30 × 3 mm Integrated planer and thicknesser tables Adjustable aluminium fence 700 × 150 mm (90°–45°) Precision table height adjustment mechanism Ø100 mm dust extraction outlet Operating manual (DTR) CE Declaration of Conformity Technical specifications Parameter Specification Cutter block diameter 75 mm Cutter block speed 4000 rpm Dust extraction outlet diameter 100 mm Fence tilt angle 90°–45° Number of knives 3 Cutter block length 250 mm Knife dimensions 250 × 30 × 3 mm Nwsdpfx Aevxh A Sel Aek Maximum surface planing width 250 mm Maximum thicknessing width 250 mm Maximum thicknessing height 180 mm Maximum thicknessing cutting depth 3 mm Maximum surface planing cutting depth 2.5 mm Thicknessing feed speed 6 m/min Fence dimensions 700 × 150 mm Machine dimensions (L × W) 1080 × 269 mm Weight 175 kg Motor power S1/S6 S1: 2.2 kW / S6: 2.6 kW Power supply 400 V Operating manual (DTR) Yes CE Declaration Yes

Condition: repair required (used), Thickness planer Manufacturer: SCM Model: S63 B Year of construction: N.A. Nwedpfx Aloyh Ut Re Aek Working width: 630 mm Max. workpiece height: 240 mm Min. workpiece height: 3 mm Max. stock removal: 8 mm Table size: 630 x 1,000 mm Power: 5.5 kW Knife type: Tersa Number of knives: 4 Outfeed roller: Steel 1x table roller, driven Height adjustment: Electric - Manual Feed speed: 6 - 18 m/min; infinitely variable Speed: 4,500 rpm Dimensions: 1,250 x 1,050 x 805 mm Weight: 825 kg

Condition: excellent (used), SCM S630 thickness planer Nsdjzgbzyspfx Al Aswk Max. planing width: 630 mm, Max. planing height: 300 mm, 4 conventional knives, the so-called wedge-type knives, electric lifting mechanism, infinitely variable feed speed adjustment, 2 adjustable rollers in the table, electronic height display, 3 top feed rollers (2 rubber rollers to guide the material), 7.5 kW motor with brake, quiet operation, machine in very good condition.

Condition: new, Jointer and thickness planer HOLZKRAFT fs 41es TERSA - Exhibition machine - ----- Technical data ----- Planing width: 410 mm, Thicknessing table dimensions: 775 x 410 mm, table length: 2,200 mm, max. chip removal: 5 mm, planer shaft Ø: 95 mm, Number of knives: 4 pieces, Passage height: 240 mm, min. Workpiece thickness: 3 mm, feed speed: 6 / 12 m/min, Speed: 5,000 rpm, Extraction nozzle Ø: 120 mm, Motor power 400 V: 6.6 HP / 5.0 kW kW, weight: 450 kg - Special offer price - Nwjdpfxsu R S Awo Al Aok - new exhibition machine -

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, planing width: 540 mm, Thickness planer Steton Nedpey Epz Sjfx Al Aowk

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7915 TECHNICAL DATA cutter head width: 640mm number of knives: 4 pcs max thickness of processed element: 200mm – top: anti-kickback fingers/ejectors serrated infeed roller, powered pressure unit planing cutter head pressure unit smooth outfeed roller, powered – bottom: adjustable rollers in lower table: 2 pcs motor: 7kW variable feed speed control Dimensions (LxWxH): 1800x1250x1150mm Nedozrltqepfx Al Aewk weight: 1250kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Bulgaria – Variable feed speed control – Used thickness planer in very good condition Net price: 9500 PLN Net price: 2260 EUR based on 4.2 EUR rate (Prices may vary with major fluctuations)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, CORMAK PT310 Planer Thicknesser The CORMAK PT310 planer thicknesser is an advanced woodworking machine combining the functions of a surface planer and a thickness planer in one robust construction. It stands out with exceptional stability, high working power, and solutions designed to improve accuracy and operator comfort. It is a reliable tool for professionals who expect efficiency, durability, and repeatable precision when working with both hard and soft wood. Main advantages of the machine Powerful motor S6: 4.2 kW (S1: 3.0 kW) – one of the most powerful units in its class, ensuring stable performance even under heavy loads. Stable construction with a weight of 250 kg – rigid cast iron tables and additional rubber feet minimize vibration and improve machining accuracy. Quick change between operating modes – fast conversion from surface planer to thickness planer by lifting the tables and repositioning the chip extraction cover. High operating comfort – low noise emission and precise material guidance ensure comfortable and safe operation. Efficient dust extraction system – Ø120 mm extraction connection enables effective chip removal, especially during intensive use. Design and technology The PT310 is built on a massive frame with ground cast iron working tables, ensuring long service life and excellent rigidity. The main control elements, including the thickness planer table height adjustment wheel, are ergonomically positioned on the right side of the machine. The tilting fence with a clear scale allows precise adjustment from 90° to 45°. Thanks to the solid guiding column of the thickness planer table, the machine provides repeatable accuracy across the entire working width. Precision and working efficiency The Ø75 mm cutter shaft equipped with three HSS knives measuring 310 × 25 × 3 mm rotates at 5500 rpm, allowing perfectly smooth surface finishing. The maximum planing width is 310 mm, while the thicknessing height range is 5–225 mm. The 6 m/min feed speed enables efficient processing of larger workpieces. The maximum cutting depth in surface planing mode reaches 4 mm, significantly reducing material preparation time. Applications Carpentry and furniture workshops – for everyday efficient processing of solid wood and glued panels. Production of structural elements – ideal for leveling and calibrating construction components, stairs, frames, and moldings. Technical schools and training workshops Standard equipment Three HSS knives, dimensions 310 × 25 × 3 mm Cutter head guard Cast iron surface planer tables Ø100 mm dust extraction outlet Feed switch and emergency STOP switch Polish-language operating manual (DTR) CE declaration of conformity Technical specifications Cutter shaft diameter 75 mm Cutter shaft speed 5500 rpm Dust extraction outlet diameter 100 mm Tilting fence angle range 90–45° Number of knives / dimensions 3 / 310 × 25 × 3 mm Maximum surface planing width 310 mm Maximum thickness planing width 308 mm Maximum planing height 5–225 mm Maximum thickness planing cutting depth 2.5 mm Maximum surface planing cutting depth 4 mm Thickness planer feed speed 6 m/min Surface planer table dimensions (L × W) 1300 × 310 mm Gross weight 250 kg Motor speed 2800 rpm Motor power S1: 3.0 kW / S6: 4.2 kW Power supply 400 V, 5-pin socket, 16 A Operating manual (DTR) Included Nsdevxh Rvopfx Al Aewk CE declaration Yes

Condition: good (used), Jaroma Thicknesser Max. planing width: 530mm, Max. planing height: 200mm, 2 feed speeds, 3 conventional knives (wedge-type), Electric table adjustment (up-down). Nwjdpfxoztakts Al Aek 2 rollers in the table. 7.5KW motor 130mm dust extraction port Machine ready for operation.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Working width: 630 mm Planing height: 250 mm Nodpfxozq Dcns Al Aowk Planer cutterhead: Tersa Number of knives: 4 Height adjustment: electric Thickness display: digital display Feed rate: 6 / 12 m/min Infeed roller: rubber Outfeed roller: rubber Table rollers: no Motor power: 5.5 kW Dust extraction connection: 160 mm Machine length: 1200 mm Machine width: 1200 mm Weight: 1000 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 1800x740x1000 mm Weight 420 kg Total power requirement 4 kw Nodpevz Ewlofx Al Aowk

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8024 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - roller width 640mm - max thickness of workpiece 210mm – from top: - pawls - toothed infeed roller, pulling - pressure roller - planing roller - pressure roller - smooth outfeed roller, pulling, metal - 2 adjustable sliding rollers at the bottom - motor approx. 5.5kW - manual table lifting Nedpsztquvofx Al Ajwk - 2 feed speed settings - dust extraction nozzle diameter 130mm - dimensions L/W/H 1300x1200x1200mm - weight 950kg ADVANTAGES - German-made - used thickness planer, very good condition Net price: 8900 PLN Net price: 2119 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)