Used Top Lathe for sale (13,322)

Year of construction: 2004, condition: used, Automatic bar feeder for diameters from 6 to 45 mm and a maximum bar length of 3,300 mm. CE compliant, complete with manuals and certification. Bwedpfjww Hx Iox Alfow

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 01620006501, turning length: 650 mm, turning diameter: 350 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 255 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 800 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 4,500 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, bar passage: 65 mm, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: CNC PILOT 620, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, input current: 35 A, nominal power (apparent): 21 kVA, operating hours of spindle: 10,771 h, DMG NEF 400 CNC lathe - Swing diameter over bed: 385 mm - Max. swing diameter over carriage: 350 mm - Distance between centers: 805 mm - Z-axis travel of tailstock: 680 mm - Height of spindle flange from ground: 1000 - 1010 mm Bsde Afun Iepfx Alfjww - Diameter of spindle flange: 170 H5 mm - Diameter of chuck: 200/250 mm - Diameter of spindle bore: 87 mm - Diameter of draw tube: 67.5 mm - Diameter in the front bearing: 100 mm - Incl. C1 axis, speed: 200 rpm - Feed force in X/Z axis S1: 4.5 / 6.2 kN - Feed force X/Z axis S6: 6 / 8.5 kN - Ball screw X/Z axis: 32 x 10 mm - Diameter of tool holder: VDI 30 - Number of tools: 12 pieces, of which 6 are driven - Tool shank: 20 x 20 mm - Tailstock travel: 680 mm - Max. feed force: 680 daN - Morse taper: MK 4 The machine is equipped with a tailstock, a SAUTER turret, and a three-jaw chuck from the manufacturer SCHUNK, jaw width: 210 mm, with hydraulic clamping, including various VDI 30 tool holders, some driven and some standard, some fitted with lathe accessories, as well as a chip conveyor and documentation. FCA D-94227 Zwiesel - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1975, Technical details: turning diameter over bed: 500 mm turning diameter over support: 260 mm turning length: 950 mm center height measured in bed: 220 mm centre distance: 1000 mm revolution per minute: 11,2 - 2240 / 24 step U/min spindle bore of work spindle: 62 mm tailstock quill adjustment:: 210 mm longitudinal feeds:: 0,045 - 1,6 mm/U - 32 step cross feed: 0,02 - 0,71 mm/U - 32 step total power requirement: 11 kW weight of the machine ca.: k.A. t dimension machine xH: 3,3 x 1,2 x 1,6 m The machine is in a very good condition (very quiet spindle run) in Leipzig. Top slide rotatable 360° 3-jaw lathe chuck Ø 315mm with jaws (inside/outside) for speed 2000 rpm. Thread cutting: metric, modular thread, inch Chip protection wall Chuck protection (mechanical) MULTIFIX steel holder with Ø 40mm drill steel holder Chip collection tray Coolant supply with pump Protective device for lead screw Machine base UVV is pre-equipped ( UVV=Accident Prevention Regulations) * Bwodpfx Asv A Sqhjlfsw

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the item within the period of November 16th to November 26th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine number: 0307-1866 Operating hours: 9,316 h Control system: Siemens SINUMERIK 840 Dsl Working height: approx. 1,300 mm Electrical Data Operating voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Rated current: 315 A Workpiece Area Workpiece length: min. 780 mm Workpiece length: max. 3,000 mm Workpiece diameter: min. 20 mm Workpiece diameter: max. 200 mm Workpiece weight: max. 250 kg Bjdpfx Aloz Uhydjfjww Workpiece Drive and Clamping Workpiece drive/clamping: 2 × hydraulically actuated front chucks, manufacturer SAV Chuck bore: max. 210 mm Spindles Spindle power: 2 × 37 kW Speed: 2,200 rpm Cross slide NC1, left X1-axis: 450 mm Z1-axis: 1,980 mm Cross slide NC2, right X2-axis: 450 mm Z2-axis: 1,980 mm M-head slide Q1-axis, left: 1,980 mm Q2-axis, right: 1,980 mm Tailstock and steady rest slide W1-axis, left: 1,980 mm W2-axis, right: 1,980 mm Rapid Traverse Rapid traverse speed: max. 20 m/min EQUIPMENT Portal loading system PROMAT 2 loading units Chip conveyor Coolant system Matching VDI 50 tool holders Partially powered VDI 50 tool holders Chuck jaws Documentation

Year of construction: 1986, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 96101805, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the machine within the period of November 16th to November 26th. TECHNICAL DETAILS General Information Machine number: 96101805 Control system: Siemens Sinumerik Electrical Data Operating voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Control voltage: 220 V Connected power: 105 kW Rated current: 200 A Spindle and Machining Area Diameter of rotation over the bed: max. 185 mm Diameter of rotation over the compound slide: max. 185 mm Spindle bore: 205 mm Number of bed slides: 2 Number of compound slides: 2 Longitudinal travel: 800 / 2,000 mm Cross travel: 320 mm Tailstock Arbor taper: MK 5 Arbor diameter: 110 mm Manual tailstock travel: max. 300 mm Transport Transport: possible on a standard truck EQUIPMENT Chip conveyor Coolant system Loading system Large quantity of VDI tool holders Bwedpfx Alo Ahg D Tsfew VDI tool holders, some equipped with cutting tools Documentation

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: BB19076267, Technical characteristics: Core Specifications - Bar Diameter (Round): 6 mm – 50 mm Bedpfexx Shujx Alfeww - Bar Diameter (Hexagonal): 6 mm – 45 mm - Bar Diameter (Square): 6 mm – 37 mm - Bar Length Options: 1200 mm – 3200 mm - Max Feed Speed: 30 m/min - Maximum Remnant Length: 300 mm - Required Air Pressure: 6.5 – 7.5 bar - Operating Voltage: 230V / 50 Hz - Weight: 1200 kg Design & Features - Guide Channel: Manually exchangeable, made from Vulkollan-type plastic to support high-speed bar rotation. - Front Steady Block: Interchangeable every 5 mm for optimal bar stabilization. - Remnant Handling: Provides rear extraction using a self-centering extractor or front ejection option. - Repositioning System: Optional rail system allows for up to 600 mm of axial or radial displacement for lathe maintenance. - Automation: Fully controlled by a PLC with brushless motor and digital pneumatic valves to manage speed and thrust. - Bar Storage: Single-level magazine with 235 mm bar capacity. Machine status: NOT WORKING # Set of guides and accessories for bar clamping included # Bearing set for the pusher head "Pusher head bar" included

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, operating hours: 2,609 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 586034, center width: 3,010 mm, swing diameter over cross slide: 310 mm, quill stroke: 160 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the item within the specified timeframe between December 1, 2026, and December 10, 2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Center distance: 3,010 mm Diameter of rotation over the compound slide: 310 mm Diameter of rotation: max. 580 mm Travel of the compound slide: 265 mm Spindle diameter in the front bearing: 120 mm Material passage: max. 72 mm Chuck diameter: 250 / 315 mm Spindle speed: 3–2,800 rpm Tailstock Outer diameter of the quill: 75 mm Quill travel: max. 160 mm Quill mounting: MK 5 MACHINE DETAILS CNC control: Siemens Operating voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Connected power: 16 kVA Rated current: 25 A Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 8,000 x 1,800 x 2,000 mm Machine weight: 5,000 kg Operating hours (meter reading): 2,609 h Bodpfx Ale Ahny Njfeww EQUIPMENT Chip conveyor Workshop cabinet Machine documentation External reference: Frankenthal - Lot 396

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 145078, overall weight: 4,600 kg, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Bwsdpfx Ao Agfi Delfjw MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 4,600 kg EQUIPMENT Chuck Note: The machine is sold without tooling. The following technical data are based on manufacturer specifications. The seller cannot guarantee their accuracy: TECHNICAL DETAILS Swinging diameter over bed: 525 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide: 350 mm X-axis travel: 190 mm Rapid traverse X/Z: 30 m/min Main spindle speed: 35–4,000 rpm Main spindle power: 18.5 kW Spindle bore: 76 mm Bar passage: 64 mm

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 01360000541, turning length: 600 mm, turning diameter: 320 mm, spindle bore: 87 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 230 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 2,300 mm, total length: 4,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, quill diameter: 120 mm, quill stroke: 150 mm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: CNC PILOT 4290, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, input current: 80 A, nominal power (apparent): 44 kVA, tailstock quill stroke: 580 mm, operating hours of spindle: 22,794 h, GILDEMEISTER CTX 400 C CNC turning machine - Swing diameter: 505 mm - Swing diameter over X-axis: 365 mm - Bar capacity: max. 65/75 mm - Spindle diameter in the front bearing: 130 mm - Chuck diameter: 200/250 mm - Drive power: 21 kW - incl. C-axis - Speed: 200 rpm - Positioning accuracy: 0.04° - Ball screw X/Z: 32 x 10 mm - Feed force X/Z: 4/6 kN - incl. 12-position tool changer - Number of driven tool stations: all 12 - Shank diameter: VDI 30 - Tool disk, axial tool mounting: pitch diameter: 340 mm - incl. tailstock, tailstock travel: 580 mm - Center height: MK 4 - incl. additional driven VDI 30 tool holders – compatible with the machine - with chip conveyor and documentation Bedpj Afutdjfx Alfoww The machine is equipped with a tailstock, a 3-jaw chuck, diameter: 200 mm, and a 12-position tool turret, VDI 30. FCA D-94227 Zwiesel - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 250 mm, turning diameter: 150 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 150 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 60 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 285 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 20 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 25 m/min, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Spindle motor power: 7.5 kW Spindle bore: 45 mm Spindle nose: A2-5 Spindle speed: min. 60 rpm Spindle speed: max. 6,000 rpm Turning diameter: 150 mm Turning length: 250 mm Chuck outer diameter: 203 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide: 150 mm Swinging diameter over compound slide: 250 mm X-axis travel: 150 mm Y-axis travel: 60 mm Z-axis travel: 285 mm Rapid traverse Z-axis: 25 m/min Rapid traverse X-axis: 20 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Input current type: Three-phase Dimensions and weight Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 2,000 x 1,700 x 2,000 mm Machine weight: approx. 4,000 kg EQUIPMENT Documentation/Manual Bsdps Afxtzofx Alfoww

Year of construction: 2006, condition: ready for operation (used), TETRA PAK ESL GABLE TOP FILLING MACHINE FOR 1000/500/300 ml WITH TWIST CAP APPLICATOR Bwjdpsz E U Dvofx Alfew TETRA REX TR22 FILLER YOM 2006 ESL UNIT INCLUDED CAPACITY 2800 CARTONS PER HOUR 13.300 RUNNING HOURS EXCELLENT TECHNICAL CONDITION

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 147342, turning length: 514 mm, turning diameter: 350 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 51 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Bwsdpfx Ale Afw Rrofsw Swinging diameter: max. 525 mm Turning diameter: max. 350 mm Turning length: max. 514 mm Bar diameter: max. 51 mm Spindle speed: 35–5,000 rpm Main drive power: 18.5 kW Constant torque: 333 Nm Spindle nose: A2-6 Spindle bore: 61 mm Tool stations: 12 X-axis travel: 190 mm Z-axis travel: 535 mm MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 5,650 kg EQUIPMENT 12-position tool turret

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, total width: 1,350 mm, total length: 7,210 mm, overall weight: 4,000 kg, Round bars diam. Min. 15 mm Round bars diam. Max. 80 mm Hexagonal bars key min. 15 mm Hexagonal bars key max. 65 mm Min. bar length 1200 mm Bwodpjvi Eypjfx Alfsw Max. bar length 6,100 mm Max. feed speed 30 m/min – 500 mm/ sec Max. cut length 300 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 52 mm, counter spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Main spindle Bar diameter: max. 52 mm Main spindle speed: max. 5,000 rpm Main spindle power: up to 20 kW C-axis: available Counter spindle Counter spindle speed: max. 4,500 rpm Counter spindle clamping diameter: max. 42 mm Bsdpfxo Afwtze Alfoww Tool turret and tool drive Turret 1: 8 tool stations Turret 2: 6 tool stations Linear tool carrier: max. 6 tools Speed of driven tools: max. 6,000 rpm Tool drive power: 3.3 kW Rapid traverse: up to 24 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Coolant tank: 210 l Hydraulic pressure: 90 bar Dimensions & Weight Machine height: 1,750 mm Footprint: approx. 2.4 m² Machine weight: approx. 2,500 kg EQUIPMENT Synchronous/counter spindle Driven tools Bar loader up to Ø 52 mm Chip conveyor Workpiece removal via conveyor belt

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, mileage: 17,300 km, power: 88.26 kW (120.00 HP), fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 5,430 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 4x4, fuel: diesel, Year of construction: 1986, Equipment: all wheel drive, TOP CONDITION Bedpfxoxm S Abo Alfjww

Condition: used, Weighing station for the food industry Bwsdpfxoz Ndg Ue Alfsw The Top Control scale is a professional weighing solution for applications within the food industry. It consists of a colour touchscreen indicator on a stainless steel frame with a weighing platform and product tray. Thanks to its robust construction and user-friendly operation, this machine is suitable for a variety of weighing and packaging processes. Located in Emmeloord, the Netherlands. Immediately available, price on request. More photos and full specifications: / Type: Weighing scale / weighing station Indicator: Top Control colour touchscreen Construction: Stainless steel frame with weighing platform and product tray

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 1985, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 11710519, spindle bore: 1,250 mm, spindle motor power: 56,000 W, quill travel distance: 1,000 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 1,600 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, Machine type: CNC vertical lathe Manufacturer and model: Schiess AG - Schiess Moweg GmbH; Type 12DS100 Schiess Year of manufacture: 1985 Serial number: 11710519 Technical condition: Machine in working order; used, requires repair Technical specifications: Working range: Table dimensions - Pallet D=1000 [mm], max. turning height H=800 [mm], max. turning diameter D=1250 [mm] Tailstock stroke S=1000 [mm]; adjustable cross slide - positioning every P=500 [mm] Table load capacity: 1600 kg Control system type: Siemens - Sinumerik 840 D Main drive power - 56 kW; Maximum rotational speed: 500 rpm Axis positioning accuracy: 0.02 [mm] - axis measuring system: optical scales Axis feed rate - "rapid": 6000 mm/min Axis feed rate - "working": 0.1 - 2000 mm/min Cutting fluid - yes - through the tool Number of axes: 2-axis lathe Drive type: servo drives Additional equipment: Tool magazine: 12 positions Material feeding system: loading station at the pallet magazine Palletizing system - 2 pallet magazine; pallet loading station; machine table - a total of 2 pallets Chip transport system - yes Cooling system - control cabinet air conditioning - yes Operating manual - paper version in Polish and German, digital version in German Bsdpfx Alezvnbxjfsww Currently, the machine has been disassembled from the hall and is ready for loading into a container. Arranging for the container and the company that will load the machine into the container is the responsibility of the buyer.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, bar passage: 20 mm, travel distance X-axis: 58 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 534 mm, Equipment: bar feeder, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Bar diameter: 20 mm Linear axes: 6 Travel range X1 axis: 58 mm Travel range Y1 axis: 534 mm Rapid traverse speed: max. 30 m/min Spindle speed: 100–10,000 rpm Spindle motor power: 3.7–5.5 kW Speed of driven tools: max. 10,000 rpm Tool positions: 10–14 MACHINE DETAILS Supply voltage: 400 V Phases: 3 Frequency: 50 Hz Connected load: 13 kVA Rated current: 19 A Fuse rating: 32 A Bwsdpfx Aj Ahgklslfew Control voltage: 115/230 V Direct current: 24 V DC Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions: 2,400 × 2,060 × 1,370 mm Machine weight: approx. 3,000 kg EQUIPMENT ROBObar SBF-532 bar feeder

Year of construction: 2019, condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, travel distance X-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,310 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: SINUMERIK 828 D, bed width: 350 mm, center height: 270 mm, rotational speed (max.): 1,500 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 20 rpm, spindle bore: 105 mm, machine/vehicle number: T0119010008, TURI SPANTEC RIC-TC 2160 CNC flatbed lathe - Operating voltage: 3 x 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Swing diameter over bed: 540 mm - Swing diameter over cross slide: 310 mm - Distance between centers: 1500 mm - Tailstock diameter: 75 mm - Tailstock travel: 170 mm - MT 5 The machine is equipped with a tailstock, a double Multifix tool holder, a three-jaw chuck, diameter: 250 mm, another three-jaw chuck with a diameter of: 315 mm, various tool holders and clamping jaws, as well as a chip conveyor and chip cart. FCA D-94227 Zwiesel - loaded onto a truck. Bwedpfe Afuq Njx Alfsw

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 150436, turning length: 1,000 mm, total length: 3,200 mm, total width: 1,200 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: SINUMERIK 828 D, PINACHO ST-225 Lathe - Center height above bed: approx. 260 mm - Swing over bed: approx. 520 mm Bwjdpe Afup Ssfx Alfjw - Center height above carriage: 180 mm - Swing over carriage: approx. 360 mm The machine is equipped with a tailstock and an 8-position tool turret, tool holder: VDI 30, including a 3-jaw chuck, diameter: 200 mm FCA D-94227 Zwiesel - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1997, operating hours: 48,889 h, functionality: fully functional, center width: 1,000 mm, center height: 280 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Bwjdpfo Afxxbjx Alfew TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum height: 280 mm Distance between centers: 1000 mm Swinging diameter: 500 mm Diameter of rotation over bed: 570 mm Diameter of rotation over support: 340 mm Spindle speed max.: 2500 RPM MACHINE DETAILS Operating hours: 48,889 h EQUIPMENT Chuck

Condition: used, Technical specifications: Max. planing width: 530 mm Cutterhead diameter: 120 mm Number of knives: 4 Total length of tables: 2900 mm Table height adjustment Tilting outfeed table Safety switch Power supply: 380 V Motor power: 5 kW Bwodpfx Aezia Dxelfew Overall dimensions: Length: 2900 mm Width: 1300 mm Height: 1300 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,090 mm, turning diameter: 520 mm, spindle bore: 87 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 240 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,091 mm, spindle motor power: 18,500 W, total height: 2,030 mm, total length: 4,350 mm, total width: 1,850 mm, feed rate X-axis: 180 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 20 m/min, overall weight: 6,000 kg, spindle nose: A2-8, Machine taken from production and in working order! Additional options & accessories: - Chip conveyor - C-axis Bodpfx Aj Ahqvielfeww - Measuring arm - Collet chuck including collets - 3-jaw chuck - Various drill chucks Weight & dimensions: 6,000 kg approx. 4,350 x 1,850 x 2,030 mm (L x W x H)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 11,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 192821242, spindle bore: 63 mm, spindle speed (min.): 20,000 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 20,000 rpm, total length: 4,950 mm, total width: 5,500 mm, total height: 3,779 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 1,300 kg, type of input current: three-phase, spindle motor power: 35 W, overall weight: 18,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 670 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 820 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, workpiece weight between centers: 1,300 g, spindle diameter: 70 mm, workpiece diameter between centers: 1,040 mm, distance between centers: 800 mm, workpiece length between centers: 820 mm, FOR SALE: 5-AXIS CNC AND 3D CMM MEASURING DEVICE 1. MACHINE: AXILE G8 (5-AXIS) • Model: January 2020 (Serial No: 192821242) • Condition: Operational in our Istanbul Tuzla factory. • Operating Hours: Only 11,000 hours. • Control Unit: Heidenhain TNC 640 (5-Axis Simultaneous) • Spindle: 20,000 RPM (Built-in Kessler) • Capacity: 670 x 820 x 600 mm / Table: Ø800 mm (1300 kg load) • Extras (Included in the Price): 37 HSK tool holders, Schunk vise, and aluminum riser (for clamping parts up to Ø1040 mm). • Price: 315,000 Euro Bwedo Ahxq Iopfx Alfow NOTE: Our machine has been meticulously used in defense industry and precision mold-making projects. It can be inspected on-site. Delivery is EXW (Ex Works). Please call for details.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1965, Revolver lathe, manufactured by HESTIKA, type HR32, year of manufacture approximately 1965. Maximum spindle bore: 32 mm, with tool turret, collet chuck. Spindle speeds: 200-3200 rpm, with coolant system. Machine documentation available. Bwjdpfxovgbphe Alfew Collet chuck, size 164E. In good condition, ready for immediate use.